California Stem Cell Face-Off: CIRM Directors Wrestle with Tough IOM Recommendations
By Dr. Matthew Watson
Two days next week at the posh
Claremont Hotel in the Berkeley hills could settle the fate of
California's $3 billion stem cell agency.
board of the state research effort will begin a critical, two-day
public session. On the table will be the $700,000, blue-ribbon
report from the prestigious Institute of Medicine (IOM). The study
recommends sweeping changes in the structure and operations of the
California Institute of Regenerative Medicine (CIRM), as the stem
cell agency is formally known.
challenges for the agency. But the recommendations are freighted with
even more significance. Below the surface lies the hard fact of
CIRM's dwindling resources and possible demise. In less than four
years – without either renewed public support or private
contributions – the research effort will begin a shriveling,
downward spiral.
![]() |
Claremont Hotel |
The IOM report places a special burden
on the agency governing board. The board paid the IOM to evaluate its
performance. In 2010, then CIRM Chairman Robert Klein trumpeted the
value of an IOM study, saying it would serve as a springboard for a
new, multibillion-dollar state bond measure for the agency(see here and here). Given the
state's difficult financial condition – not to mention the position
of potential private sector investors – winning approval of that
kind of investment will be more than difficult.
directors choose to ignore the major IOM recommendations, they will
hand opponents a devastating weapon, one that could be used to convince voters to reject
any proposal for continued funding. The board
would also give private investors more major reasons to say no to
CIRM pitches for cash.
board has rejected similar proposals for changes in the past. When
the IOM presented the study to the board just last month, the
reception was not much different. Several board members bristled. One
influential board member, Sherry Lansing, chair of the University of
California board of regents, said the directors' “hands are tied”
because some of the recommendations might require a vote of the people. Her comments echoed similar statements from Klein in 2009,
when he said board members would violate their oath of office if they
supported recommendations for changes that he opposed.
however, was relatively brief and less than definitive. Klein has
been off the board since June 2011, replaced by Los Angeles bond
financier Jonathan Thomas, who is regarded as a welcome change by a
number of board members.
within the agency itself. Conflict of interest rules would be
tightened. In some ways, the board would lose power, which would be
shifted to the president. The board would no longer vote on
individual applications – only a slate recommended by reviewers.
Applicants for CIRM awards would be directly affected, being barred
from making the sort of direct and public appeals that clogged the
CIRM board meetings last year. And that would be just the beginning.
to make his recommendations for action on the report, although they
have not yet been posted on the CIRM web site. Under what might be considered “normal” leadership, Thomas would be testing sentiment
among board members via personal conversations and phone calls.
However, in California that would be illegal – a violation of open
meeting laws that bar what are called “serial meetings” at nearly
all public agencies.
majority vote for anything significant among 29 strong-minded
individuals is not simple. But it is even more difficult when facing
a board that has a tradition of consensus management and
oversight.
interesting. The nearly 100-year-old, iconic Claremont hotel has a
troubled financial history. It was up for sale for $80 million last
spring but there were no takers. In the early 20th century, the
property on which it is located was lost and won in a checkers game
in Oakland, or so the story goes.
California stem cell agency. Moves next week by directors could
easily determine whether CIRM becomes nothing more than an
interesting scientific footnote or establishes a path that will lead
it to long-lasting leadership in regenerative medicine.
Source:
http://feedproxy.google.com/~r/blogspot/uqpFc/~3/SS09uwQmVDQ/california-stem-cell-face-off-cirm.html
Live Audiocast Available for Next Week’s CIRM-IOM Meetings
By Dr. Matthew Watson
provide a live audiocast of next week's critical discussions of
action on the sweeping recommendations proposed for the agency by the
Institute of Medicine.
telephonic arrangement can be found on the agendas for Wednesday and
Thursday. Also expected to be posted soon on the Wednesday agenda are
recommendations by CIRM Chairman J.T. Thomas.
opportunity to listen and no opportunity to provide testimony. If you
are interesting in making suggestions or comments ahead of the
meeting, email them to info@cirm.ca.gov. The public can also testify at the board meeting.
Claremont Hotel in the Berkeley hills across the bay from CIRM's San
Francisco headquarters.
NeoStem's Subsidiary, Progenitor Cell Therapy, Enters Into a Cell Therapy Manufacturing Services Agreement With …
By Dr. Matthew Watson
ALLENDALE, N.J. and OXFORD, United Kingdom, Jan. 16, 2013 (GLOBE NEWSWIRE) -- NeoStem, Inc. (NYSE MKT:NBS) and its subsidiary, Progenitor Cell Therapy LLC ("PCT"), together with Adaptimmune Limited and Adaptimmune LLC (collectively, "Adaptimmune"), announced today a Services Agreement under which PCT will provide services to support Adaptimmune's NYESO-1c259-T cell therapy product being developed for multiple oncology indications (for more information with respect to Adaptimmune's clinical trials, see clinicaltrials.gov, identifiers NCT01350401, NCT01343043 and NCT01352286).
PCT's services will include the transfer and qualification of Adaptimmune's manufacturing process for its NYESO-1c259-T cell therapy product candidate at PCT's facility in Allendale, New Jersey and subsequent manufacturing of the product for Adaptimmune's clinical trials.
Adaptimmune develops products containing unique engineered T cell receptors for the treatment of cancer and infectious diseases. The company has a research base in Oxford, UK and a clinical base in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
In December, at the American Society of Hematology conference, Adaptimmune announced encouraging preliminary results from its expanded multiple myeloma trial. Related trials in melanoma and sarcoma are also recruiting patients.
PCT is an internationally recognized contract development and manufacturing organization with facilities in Allendale, New Jersey and Mountain View, California. The company has expertise in GMP manufacture for cell therapies, including dendritic cells, stem cells and T cells. Notably, PCT provided manufacturing for the pivotal studies for Dendreon's Provenge(R), the first cell therapy approved for cancer treatment.
"With our sights set on future pivotal trials for our T cell therapy products, we have invested significant effort towards establishing capabilities within Adaptimmune that support expansion of our clinical platform in terms of both scale and compliance with FDA requirements beyond phase I/II. Our relationship with PCT is an important component," said James Noble, Chief Executive Officer of Adaptimmune. "PCT's impressive level of experience in the burgeoning field of cell therapy, combined with their flexible capacity and professionalism, are among the reasons we selected them for this critical role for our T cell product."
"We are excited to enter into this agreement with Adaptimmune, an innovator for T cell therapy to treat cancers," said Robert A. Preti, PhD, President and Chief Scientific Officer of PCT. "Given our extensive experience with technology transfer, process qualification and GMP manufacturing, we feel PCT will be an asset to Adaptimmune as it develops its product for the U.S. commercial market."
Dr. Robin L. Smith, NeoStem's Chairman and Chief Executive Officer, stated that, "PCT's expertise is recognized globally as demonstrated by the services agreement executed with Adaptimmune. As PCT continues to expand its GMP manufacturing capabilities and focus to support the development of an increasingly wide range of cell therapies under development, it remains focused on providing outstanding client services."
About Adaptimmune
Adaptimmune focuses on the use of T cell therapy to treat cancer and infectious disease. It aims to use the body's own machinery -- the T cell -- to target and destroy cancerous or infected cells.
SanBio Announces Enrollment Of The Second Cohort Of Patients In Its Clinical Trial Of Stem Cell Therapy For Chronic …
By Dr. Matthew Watson
MOUNTAIN VIEW, Calif., Jan. 14, 2013 /PRNewswire/ --SanBio Inc. today announced the successful enrollment of the second dose cohort of patients in its Phase 1/2a clinical trial testing the safety and efficacy of a novel allogeneic stem cell therapy product, SB623, in patients suffering from chronic deficits resulting from previous stroke injuries. The first 12 patients, of a planned total of 18, have been successfully administered SB623. The trial is being conducted at Stanford University, the University of Pittsburgh and Northwestern University. No safety concerns have been attributed to the cell therapy product. For details regarding this clinical trial, please refer to http://www.strokeclinicaltrial.org.
SB623 is derived from adult bone marrow and has shown safety and efficacy in rodent models of chronic stroke. "The successful completion of the first two dose cohorts of this pioneering clinical trial is a clear indication of the dedication and professionalism of the entire team," said Keita Mori, SanBio CEO.
SB623 is being delivered to the damaged region of the brains of patients who have suffered an ischemic stroke. Product safety is the primary focus of the study but various measurements of efficacy are also being tested.
"We are pleased with the safety findings of the study thus far," said Dr. Ernest Yankee, SanBio's Executive Vice President of Development. "We anticipate completing the enrollment of the third and final dose cohort early in the year and reporting the results shortly thereafter."
About SB623: SB623 is a proprietary cell therapy product consisting of cells derived from genetically engineered bone marrow stromal cells obtained from healthy adult donors. SB623 is administered adjacent to the area damaged by stroke and functions by producing proteins that aid the regenerative process.
About SanBio: SanBio is a privately held San Francisco Bay Area biotechnology company focused on the discovery and development of new regenerative cell therapy products.
For more information: http://www.san-bio.com
Read the rest here:
SanBio Announces Enrollment Of The Second Cohort Of Patients In Its Clinical Trial Of Stem Cell Therapy For Chronic ...
Swaminathan for biotechnology regulatory body – The Hindu
By Dr. Matthew Watson
![]() The Hindu | Swaminathan for biotechnology regulatory body The Hindu Noted agricultural scientist and Rajya Sabha member M.S. Swaminathan on Tuesday stressed the need for putting in place an autonomous biotechnology regulatory authority for ensuring bio-security of the country, with respect to the clearance of ... |
Gene Therapies Will Cure Many a Disease (preview)
By Dr. Matthew Watson
The Science Of The Next 150 Years: 50 Years in the Future [More]
Source:
http://rss.sciam.com/click.phdo?i=72f945621480bfc5969f6a7a29254aaf
The Science of the Next 150 Years
By Dr. Matthew Watson
What scientific and technological milestones can we envision 50, 100 and 150 years hence?
Source:
http://rss.sciam.com/click.phdo?i=bb22bbe61dfa476fb230c7787f0d7954
Nature Biotechnology: California Stem Cell Agency Receives ‘Stinging Rebuke’
By Dr. Matthew Watson
Biotechnology read: “IOM smacks down California Institute of
Regenerative Medicine.”
DeFrancesco said that the $3 billion California stem cell agency
“received a stinging rebuke of much of the way it has been carrying
out its business by a group of independent reviewers.”
the blue-ribbon, Institute of Medicine panel “praised the courage
and vision of the individuals who spearheaded the program as well as
those toiling in the CIRM office in San Francisco.”
familiar ground for many readers, summarizing the IOM's sweepingrecommendations last month, including those dealing with the built-in
conflicts of interest on the agency's 29-member governing board.
whether the agency will move to adopt any of the recommendations from
the panel, many of which have been rejected in the past.
board last month bristled at some of the recommendations. The board is scheduled to discuss the IOM report, for
which it paid $700,000, at a public meeting Jan. 23 in Berkeley.
Patient advocates are already organizing a turn-out to lobby against
some recommendations.
Roman Reed is Stem Cell Person of 2012; Leigh Turner Runner-up
By Dr. Matthew Watson
Roman Reed, a Fremont, Ca., patient advocate, this week was named Stem
Cell Person of 2012 by the Knoepfler Stem Cell Lab at UC Davis, which
cited Reed for energizing a new generation of
advocacy.
![]() |
Roman Reed (left) and Paul Knoepfler Knoepfler Lab photo |
Knoepfler awarded Reed $1,000 from his personal funds. The ceremonial
check appears to be close to four-feet long in a photo taken in
Knoepfler's lab.
made a “tremendous difference” in 2012. The researcher said,
“One of the most notable was
catalyzing the TJ Atchison Spinal Cord Injury Research Act in
Alabama, which provides $400,000/year in funding for research. Of
course, TJ and many others who helped make this possible also deserve
great credit and have my admiration, but Roman provided key
leadership. Here in California, Roman’s Law supported its 11th
year of grants all eligible for all forms of stem cell research.
Roman informs me that it funded $749,00 overall and approximately
$200,000 in stem cell funding.
“In addition, Roman in 2012 mentored
and energized a whole new generation of advocacy from young,
energetic leaders: TJ Atchison, Katie Sharify, Richard Lajara
and Tory Minus.”
but also conducted an advisory poll that Reed won. Knoepfler wrote,
![]() |
Leigh Turner U of Minn photo |
“Only 6% behind Roman was the amazing
activist Ted Harada followed by Roman’s dad the remarkable Don
Reed, the wonderful Judy Roberson, and the super Katie Sharify nearly
all tied for third. Next after them was the relative new kid in stem
cell town, Leigh Turner.”
professor at the Center for Bioethics at the University of Minnesota,
as the official runner-up in the contest, No. 2 behind Reed.
Knoepfler wrote,
“Leigh took the courageous,
outside-the-box step in 2012 of contacting the FDA to investigate
Celltex when he perceived patients could be at risk. As “thanks”
for his action, he was put under enormous pressure and there was talk
of possible litigation against him. Pressure was applied to his
employer, the University of Minnesota. We’ll never know for sure,
but from everything that I know I believe that Leigh’s actions
directly led to prompt FDA action, which otherwise might not have
happened at all or until much later. In my opinion, Leigh’s act of
courage, helped make hundreds of patients safer in a direct way and
indirectly may have set a higher standard for the field of stem cell
treatments.”
BioTime Stock Jumps 22 Percent in Two Days in Wake of Geron Deal
By Dr. Matthew Watson
The stock price of Biotime, Inc., of
Alameda, Ca., shot up more than 12 percent today following the
announcement of a complex deal that will give it the stem cell assets
of Geron Corp., the first firm to launch a clinical trial for an hESC
therapy.
![]() |
Geron stock price Jan. 2-8 Google chart |
43 cents or 12.46 percent. That followed a 9.6 percent gain
yesterday. Geron's stock closed at $1.63, up three cents or 1.9
percent.
with our tracking showing only one story so far today on The Scientist magazine web site.
BioTime Buys Geron’s Stem Cell Assets, Including hESC Clinical Trial
By Dr. Matthew Watson
Geron Corp., which pioneered the first
clinical trial of an hESC therapy, today sold its stem cell
business to another San Francisco Bay Area firm whose two top
executives were once CEOs at Geron.
![]() |
Michael West BioTime photo |
not clear from the public statements released by Geron and the
acquiring firm, BioTime, Inc., of Alameda, but an unidentified
outside investor is adding $10 million to transaction.
Michael West, CEO of BioTime, said that as a result of the deal his
firm will hold 600 patents and patent applications involving stem
cells. He said the aggregation should help in attracting financial
interest in the firm and its efforts.
Acquistion Corp., the BioTime subsidiary that is picking up the Geron
assets, is headed by Tom Okarma, who was Geron's CEO from 1999 to
2011.
Geron abruptly jettisoned its stem cell business along with the
clinical trial. Geron has been looking since then for a buyer for the
assets.
![]() |
Tom Okarma Geron photo |
decision in 2011, the California stem cell agency had signed a $25
million loan agreement with Geron to support the clinical trial. The
company paid back with interest the amount of the loan that it had
received.
not specify whether BioTime will begin seeking additional
participants in the clinical trial. Nor did BioTime indicate whether
it would seek additional funding from the state stem cell agency.
interview that he has an “open mind” about working with CIRM.
Last year, agency officials indicated an interest in continuing to
support the clinical trial. West said BioTime had already hired some
employees that were laid off by Geron, including its patent attorney.
He said that he hoped to reassemble at least part of Geron's now
scattered stem cell team.
when the deal is officially concluded in September, “it is
anticipated that Geron stockholders would own approximately 21% of
BAC, BioTime would own approximately 72%, and a private investor
would own approximately 7% after an additional $5 million investment
in BAC.”
leased space in Menlo Park that Geron once used for its stem cell
business.
BioTime's stock price closed at $3.45 today and had a 52-week high of
$6.35 and a low of $2.67. Geron closed at $1.60 and had a 52-week
high of $2.99 and a low of 91 cents.
Francisco Business Times about the deal. Here are links to the
BioTime press release, a BioTime FAQ and the Geron press release.
Reverse Engineering Grandpa
By Dr. Matthew Watson
Stem cells are rarely the subject of
cartoons, but one popped last week from Bizarro.
Francisco Chronicle and elsewhere, including the
Bizarro web site. The image was of a petri dish in a lab with
tiny maternal speck giving parental advice to an even tinier speck:
"You can be anything you want to be when you grow up."
Artist Dan Piraro said the cartoon was his favorite of the
week because of its “strangeness.”
“To use a term common in the
vernacular of geneticists, it’s creepy cool.”
between embryonic and adult cells, much less reprogrammed adult
cells. Using reprogrammed cells in the cartoon would have been even
creepier and cooler, giving new meaning to the 1947 song, “I Am My
Own Grandpa.”(See here and here.)
(A nod to "Bob" for calling our attention to the cartoon.)
Source:
http://feedproxy.google.com/~r/blogspot/uqpFc/~3/gXXLRtG2Sx4/reverse-engineering-grandpa.html
Dr Koh to scale back on medical practice if elected in Punggol East – AsiaOne
By Dr. Matthew Watson
![]() AsiaOne | Dr Koh to scale back on medical practice if elected in Punggol East AsiaOne He is also a part-time Consultant Surgeon at the Department of Colorectal Surgery in Singapore General Hospital (SGH), and remains as the Acting Director of the Colorectal Cancer Molecular Genetics Research Laboratory. "I think it's inevitable, that's ... |
Research and Markets: Cell Therapy – Technologies, Markets and Companies – 2013 Report
By Dr. Matthew Watson
DUBLIN--(BUSINESS WIRE)--
Research and Markets (http://www.researchandmarkets.com/research/4gllbg/cell_therapy) has announced the addition of Jain PharmaBiotech's new report "Cell Therapy - Technologies, Markets and Companies" to their offering.
This report describes and evaluates cell therapy technologies and methods, which have already started to play an important role in the practice of medicine. Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation is replacing the old fashioned bone marrow transplants. Role of cells in drug discovery is also described. Cell therapy is bound to become a part of medical practice.
Stem cells are discussed in detail in one chapter. Some light is thrown on the current controversy of embryonic sources of stem cells and comparison with adult sources. Other sources of stem cells such as the placenta, cord blood and fat removed by liposuction are also discussed. Stem cells can also be genetically modified prior to transplantation.
Cell therapy technologies overlap with those of gene therapy, cancer vaccines, drug delivery, tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. Pharmaceutical applications of stem cells including those in drug discovery are also described. Various types of cells used, methods of preparation and culture, encapsulation and genetic engineering of cells are discussed. Sources of cells, both human and animal (xenotransplantation) are discussed. Methods of delivery of cell therapy range from injections to surgical implantation using special devices.
Cell therapy has applications in a large number of disorders. The most important are diseases of the nervous system and cancer which are the topics for separate chapters. Other applications include cardiac disorders (myocardial infarction and heart failure), diabetes mellitus, diseases of bones and joints, genetic disorders, and wounds of the skin and soft tissues.
Regulatory and ethical issues involving cell therapy are important and are discussed. Current political debate on the use of stem cells from embryonic sources (hESCs) is also presented. Safety is an essential consideration of any new therapy and regulations for cell therapy are those for biological preparations.
The cell-based markets was analyzed for 2012, and projected to 2022.The markets are analyzed according to therapeutic categories, technologies and geographical areas. The largest expansion will be in diseases of the central nervous system, cancer and cardiovascular disorders. Skin and soft tissue repair as well as diabetes mellitus will be other major markets.
The number of companies involved in cell therapy has increased remarkably during the past few years. More than 500 companies have been identified to be involved in cell therapy and 285 of these are profiled in part II of the report along with tabulation of 272 alliances. Of these companies, 156 are involved in stem cells. Profiles of 70 academic institutions in the US involved in cell therapy are also included in part II along with their commercial collaborations. The text is supplemented with 55 Tables and 11 Figures. The bibliography contains 1,050 selected references, which are cited in the text.
Key Topics Covered:
Originally posted here:
Research and Markets: Cell Therapy - Technologies, Markets and Companies - 2013 Report
Elsevier Selected to Publish Cytotherapy: The Journal of Cell Therapy
By Dr. Matthew Watson
AMSTERDAM, January 7, 2013 /PRNewswire/ --
Official journal of the International Society for Cellular Therapy (ISCT) to be published by Elsevier beginning January 2013
Elsevier, a world-leading provider of scientific, technical and medical information products and services, is pleased to announce that the International Society for Cellular Therapy (ISCT) has selected Elsevier to publish Cytotherapy: The Journal of Cell Therapy effective January 2013.
"Elsevier presented ISCT with unsurpassed reach into the global medical community, top class publishing services, and significant experience in this field. We are extremely confident that our collaboration with Elsevier will not only help Cytotherapy grow for the benefit of our members and readers, but also for the benefit of all scientists, technologists, regulators, manufacturing experts and others dedicated to translational development of safe and effective cell therapies," said ISCT President, Kurt Gunter, MD, FASCP.
Cytotherapy is a highly influential publication in the mainstream of the rapidly expanding field of cell-based treatments for cancer, degenerative disorders, immunotherapy and stem cell transplantation. Cytotherapy publishes cutting edge findings, clinical trials of cell-based therapies, and news and opinion on all aspects of these disciplines. The journal focuses especially on the practical translation of scientific developments in the laboratory into clinical practice. Cytotherapy is an essential global resource for clinical researchers, oncologists, hematologists, doctors, and regulatory experts involved in cell processing and therapy.
Senior Editor of Cytotherapy, John Barrett, MD, commented, "What matters is ensuring that new peer-reviewed treatments, developments, and studies reach as many specialists working with cell therapies as possible. In this, I believe Elsevier offers an unrivaled opportunity to help the journal achieve this goal."
Glen Campbell, Executive Vice President at Elsevier added, "Cytotherapy is an established and reputable journal and we are honored that the International Society for Cellular Therapy selected Elsevier as their publishing partner. Together, we will ensure that this prestigious title develops further as the leading global forum and resource for developing and supporting innovative cellular therapies."
For more information go to: http://www.journals.elsevier.com/cytotherapy
About ISCT
ISCT is a global association driving the translation of scientific research to deliver innovative cellular therapies to patients. Since 1992, ISCT has been the leading global forum for developing and supporting innovative cellular therapies through communication, education and training. ISCT fosters international translational research, informs national and global regulatory framework development and harmonization, drives commercialization strategies, and educates principal investigators, lab directors, technologists, regulators and commercial stakeholders. http://www.celltherapysociety.org
Read more from the original source:
Elsevier Selected to Publish Cytotherapy: The Journal of Cell Therapy
Genetic Engineering and the GMO Industry: Corporate Hijacking of Food and … – Center for Research on Globalization
By Dr. Matthew Watson
Genetic Engineering and the GMO Industry: Corporate Hijacking of Food and ... Center for Research on Globalization “I recognized my two selves: a crusading idealist and a cold, granitic believer in the law of the jungle” – Edgar Monsanto Queeny, Monsanto chairman, 1943-63, “The Spirit of Enterprise”, 1934. When rich companies with politically-connected lobbyists ... |
Market Report, "Tamir Biotechnology, Inc. – Product Pipeline Review – 2012 … – SBWire (press release)
By Dr. Matthew Watson
Market Report, "Tamir Biotechnology, Inc. - Product Pipeline Review - 2012 ... SBWire (press release) This report is built using data and information sourced from Global Markets Direct's proprietary databases, Tamir Biotechnology, Inc.'s corporate website, SEC filings, investor presentations and featured press releases, both from Tamir Biotechnology ... |
Zafgen Appoints 20-Year Biotechnology Industry Veteran Patricia Allen, CPA, as … – PR Newswire (press release)
By Dr. Matthew Watson
Zafgen Appoints 20-Year Biotechnology Industry Veteran Patricia Allen, CPA, as ... PR Newswire (press release) Ms. Allen offers 20 years of financial leadership experience in the biotechnology industry at both publicly traded and private companies. For the past two years, she has provided independent consulting services to biotechnology companies in a variety ... |
Cell Therapy Blog welcomes 2013
By Dr. Matthew Watson
- a post summarizing some of the things we think are watch-worthy in the cell therapy industry in 2013,
- our recap of the money cell therapy and cell-based regenerative medicine companies raised in 2012, and
- us to formalize our position statement on non-compliant cell therapies as discussed in following previous blog posts:
Source:
http://feedproxy.google.com/~r/CellTherapyBlog/~3/ABphTtPOrwo/cell-therapy-blog-welcomes-2013.html
Presents at cell biology gathering – The Sunday Dispatch
By Dr. Matthew Watson
Presents at cell biology gathering The Sunday Dispatch Yurko hopes to earn a Ph.D. in biochemistry and molecular genetics and plans a career in biomedical research specializing in autoimmune and multi-drug resistant diseases. “I have found a way I can help people. It took me a while, but I now know it is ... |