Ionis, leading MS researcher throw antisense at a new type of brain cells – Endpoints News
By daniellenierenberg
No matter how many molecules he threw at them, Paul Tesar couldnt get the brain cells to survive. Or he got them to survive, but then to everyones bafflement they still couldnt do what they were supposed to.
Tesar, a professor of innovative therapeutics at Case Western University, had spent years building stem cell models for multiple sclerosis, growing brain organoids in dishes and then seeing what small molecules restored myelin production. Now he was trying to do the same for other myelin diseases, particularly an ultra-rare genetic condition called Pelizaeus-Merzbacher disease, where a single mutation leads to the death of the myelin-producing neurons, called oligodendrocytes, and can kill patients in infancy.
Weve screened many thousands of small molecule compounds, Tesar toldEndpoints News. But we could not get them to restore function.
Then Tesar got an email from Ionis, the California biotech that had just used an RNA-modifying technology called antisense to build Spinraza, the first FDA-approved drug for the genetic neurological disorder spinal muscular atrophy.
Now, in a study published inNature,Tesar and Ionis have shown they can use a single dose of drug built from that technology to keep those neurons both alive and well-functioning and treat the disease at least in mice. The publication isnt groundbreaking, antisense researchers say, but it shows for the first time that antisense can be used to effectively target oligodendrocytes, an insight its authors hope will open up other rare myelin disorders to therapy.
Its not that its different than everything thats been done before, but it goes further than everything thats gone before, Jon Watts, a professor at the RNA Therapeutics Institute at UMass Medical School who is not affiliated with Ionis or the paper, told Endpoints, both in terms of duration of effect after a single dose, and the real focus in getting the biology, the therapeutic effect in oligodendrocytes.
The applicability to the most famous and common of myelin disorders, multiple sclerosis, is limited, researchers say, both because the therapy relied on having a specific gene to target and because the paper doesnt prove you can get an effect on the peripheral nervous system. Still, Berit Powers, an assistant director at Ioniss neurology research department and a co-author, pointed to several other genetic myelin disorders, known as leukodystrophies. That includes an Ionis program on Alexander disease, a rare childhood condition with Parkinsons-like symptoms.
Were certainly exploring the potential of ASOs in non-monogenic conditions like MS, Powers told Endpoints, using a shorthand for antisense oligonucleotides. But that work is very new.
This is hardly Tesars first foray into biotech. In 2015, he showed in Naturehow certain small molecules could regenerate myelin the holy grail for an MS therapy and founded Convelo Therapeutics around that work. Last year, they partnered with Genentech for an undisclosed sum and an exclusive option to acquire the company.
Myelin is a fatty substance that coats neurons, insulating them and helping electric currents pass through. Tesars lab was broadly interested in the question of why myelin fails, both in MS and rare diseases, and about 7 years ago he got a grant to work from the PMD Foundation.
First, Tesar built stem cell models of the disease, figuring out how different mutations in a single gene, called PLP1, lead oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (the stem cell-like cells that will become oligodendrocytes) to create a toxic RNA and a mutated protein that kills them soon after they differentiate. Then, he tried to suppress that gene with different chemicals, eventually testing over 3,000 different compounds.
He was able to eventually get the oligodendrocytes to survive, but to his surprise, they didnt produce myelin as they should. The surviving cells still couldnt properly function, revealing, he wrote in a 2018 Cell paper a second phase of pathology. A hypothetical treatment, he argued, would have to both keep progenitor cells alive and then treat the survivors in a way that induces myelination.
With antisense, he and Powers Ionis team were able to do both. Antisense oligonucelotides consist of strands of RNA that are a mirror image of the RNA you want to target. The mirror binds to and silences, or turns off, that gene. In the study, the researchers confirmed that PLP1 was disease-causing by knocking out the gene in cell lines with CRISPR. Then they injected mice with antisense strands through the spinal cord, the same way Spinraza is delivered. (You cant use CRISPR to treat the disease in humans, because theres no good way yet of delivering it.)
Powers and Tesar were unsure if they would be able to target oligodendrocytes and progenitor cells. What they found, though, was complete restoration of oligodendrocytes and a profound rescue of neurological function. Myelin, too, was finally restored. Mice that died after 3 weeks now lived for over 200 days.
Ionis hasnt licensed the drug and its unclear yet the implications for other diseases, but researchers say the results could translate into humans quickly, at least by drug development standards.
I do think its very rapidly translatable, Watts said. Based on the data theyre showing here, and based on the unmet need, this appears to be something that could be translated pretty quickly into a Phase I trial.
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Ionis, leading MS researcher throw antisense at a new type of brain cells - Endpoints News
Seed to Skin – Gulfshore Life
By daniellenierenberg
Spending extra time indoors (and separated from our typical grooming resources) has shifted our focus to the few aesthetic things we can control, like doubling down on our skin care routine.
Perhaps thats why Marissa Collections has seen an increase in demand for Vintners Daughter, a beauty line founded by Naples native and third-generation winemaker April Gargiulo. During times of stress, self-care is the one thing people can do for themselves to give that balance, since they cant go to a hair salon or their favorite shop, says Laura Pangallo, Marissa Collections jewelry and beauty sales manager.
Vintners Daughter has experienced a meteoric rise since it launched in 2013, as one of the pioneering names in the clean-beauty movementa shift away from using chemical-ridden products and toward embracing simpler, plant-based skin care routines.
Marissa Collections started carrying the line three years ago, when Pangallo began noticing an uptick of natural skin care brands entering the market. With its local connection, Vintners Daughter was a natural fit for Naples. Garguilo, whose parents still live here part-time and are trustees of the Naples Children & Education Foundation, grew up with the shops CEO, Jay Hartington. Many members of the team also use the products and attest to their effectiveness. One thing thats unique is that Vintners Daughter doesnt have 20 or 30 products; they have two, and they make them well, and they really work, Pangallo says. Im a skin care junkie, and when I started using the essence, I instantly noticed the difference.
Gargiulo has been called the sommelier of skin care and her award-winning seruma face oil infused with 22 nutrient-rich botanicals, including skin-firming cypress from Spain and pore-shrinking hazelnut from Piedmontis what she considers to be her desert island, holy grail skin product.
Eight years ago, when Gargiulo was pregnant with her first daughter and working with her familys eponymous winery in California, she started examining the labels of the luxury products she was slathering on her face. She was shocked that only 0.01% of what was in the bottles contained active ingredients (those that address the targeted issue)the rest were filler. For me, luxury was far more than a price tag, and the only thing luxurious about these products was the price, she says.
At the time, face oils hadnt become mainstream and the 10-step Korean skin care routine was still popular. I thought if you were using natural, you had to compromise, she admits. She was eager to keep her body and family clear from toxins, but none of the chemical-free products she found were powerful enough to address her lifelong struggle with acne and discoloration and the onset of wrinkles she started to experience in her 30s.
Working with a seasoned formulator, Gargiulo spent the next two years developing the formula for her liquid gold serum. It would be another four years before shed release a second product, the Active Treatment Essence, which launched last year.
Labs she met with initially, when she was developing the serum, turned her away. They were put off by her proposition for a beauty product that would take three weeks (instead of the standard six hours) to produce. Im coming from winemaking, where youre thinking of the grapes and where theyre grown, and it takes three years to make a bottle of wine, she says. I thought three weeks was nothing. Another hitch? Instead of relying on the usual mix of chemicals and extracts, her formula required whole plantsall sourced from growers with generations of experience.
Napa Valleys winemaking culture motivated her to push onward when she was rejected by labs and retailers. Over the past 60 to 70 years, really audacious men and women put Napa Valley on the map for the finest wines in the world, and the passion it took is something that I still look to for inspiration, Gargiulo says.
The launch presented a revelation for the beauty industry. With no marketing dollars spent, editors, celebs and name-brand aestheticians flocked to this brand that had a singular product, doled out in tiny, unassuming, matte black bottles, retailing for $185. Whether they were looking to tackle pore size or reduce fine lines, early adopters found the serum actually worked across generations, skin types and for various issues.
Every dimension of the productfrom the tiny particle size, which allows the serum to better penetrate the skin, to the ratios usedis thought out to effectively target skin concerns. The serum still takes three weeks to make, a process that includes extracting every nutrient the plant has to offer.
Gargiulo took her time in developing the brands second product. The essencea primer applied to clean skin to boost hydration and the serums other effectstakes five weeks to make. The ingredients are fermented for better absorption and to deliver antioxidant-rich prebiotics and probiotics. Added plant stem cells and hyaluronic acid help the skin produce more collagen and hydrate at the deepest level.
For now, the 45-year-old skin care guru is perfectly happy selling the two products, which combine for a two-step process that promises to brighten, tighten and protect skin. The prescription? Pat on the essence, then press a few drops of the serum onto your skin, followed by sunscreen during the day.
At the beginning of the coronavirus outbreak, like so many of us, Gargiulo turned to her beauty products as a way to de-stress. She was loading up on masks and applying products multiple times a day, only to find her acne-prone skin flared up. The experience nudged her back to her baseline. I was like, April, what are you thinking? You know better, she says. After years of winemaking, she knows that higher quality and a smaller yield always offers you better results.
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Seed to Skin - Gulfshore Life
Coronavirus may infect heart cells of COVID-19 patients, scientists say – Kashmir Reader
By daniellenierenberg
Los Angeles: Researchers, including those of Indian-origin, have shown that the novel coronavirus can infect lab-grown cardiac muscle cells, indicating it may be possible for the virus to directly cause heart infection in COVID-19 patients.The study, published in the journal Cell Reports Medicine, was based on experiments conducted in lab-grown heart muscle cells which were produced from unspecialised human stem cells.We not only uncovered that these stem cell-derived heart cells are susceptible to infection by novel coronavirus, but that the virus can also quickly divide within the heart muscle cells, said study co-author Arun Sharma from the Cedars-Sinai Board of Governors Regenerative Medicine Institute in the US.Even more significant, the infected heart cells showed changes in their ability to beat after 72 hours of infection, Sharma said.Although many COVID-19 patients experience heart problems, the scientists said the reasons for these symptoms are not entirely clear. They said pre-existing cardiac conditions, or inflammation and oxygen deprivation that result from the infection have all been implicated.According to the scientists, there is only limited evidence available that the novel coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2, directly infects individual muscle cells of the heart. The current study showed that SARS-CoV-2 can infect heart cells derived from human stem-cells and change how the genes in these cells helped make proteins.Based on this observation, the scientists confirmed that human heart cells can be actively infected by the virus, activating innate cellular defense mechanisms in an effort to help clear out the virus. Citing the limitations of the study, they said these findings are not a perfect replicate of what is happening in the human body since the research was carried out in lab-grown heart cells. However, this knowledge may help investigators use stem cell-derived heart cells as a screening platform to identify new antiviral compounds that could alleviate viral infection of the heart, believes study co-author Clive Svendsen.This viral pandemic is predominately defined by respiratory symptoms, but there are also cardiac complications, including arrhythmias, heart failure and viral myocarditis, said Svendsen, director of the Regenerative Medicine Institute.While this could be the result of massive inflammation in response to the virus, our data suggest that the heart could also be directly affected by the virus in COVID-19, Svendsen said. The scientists also found that treatment with an antibody protein could lock onto the human cell surface receptor ACE2 a known SARS-CoV-2 gateway into cells.According to the researchers, the antibody treatment was able to blunt viral replication on the lab-grown heart cells, suggesting that the ACE2 receptor could be used by the virus to enter human heart muscle cells. By blocking the ACE2 protein with an antibody, the virus is not as easily able to bind to the ACE2 protein, and thus cannot easily enter the cell, Sharma said.This not only helps us understand the mechanisms of how this virus functions, but also suggests therapeutic approaches that could be used as a potential treatment for SARS-CoV-2 infection, he added.In the study, the researchers also used human induced pluripotent stem cells, or iPSCs, which are a type of undifferentiated cells grown in the lab from a persons blood or skin cells. They said iPSCs can make any cell type found in the body, each one carrying the genetic material of the individual. According to the scientists, tissue-specific cells created in this way are used for research, and for creating and testing potential disease treatments.It is plausible that direct infection of cardiac muscle cells may contribute to COVID-related heart disease, said Eduardo Marban, executive director of the Smidt Heart Institute in the US, and study co-author. This key experimental system could be useful to understand the differences in disease processes of related coronaviral pathogens, SARS and MERS, said Vaithilingaraja Arumugaswami, another co-author of the study from the University of California Los Angeles in the US.PTI
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Coronavirus may infect heart cells of COVID-19 patients, scientists say - Kashmir Reader
What if mammoths are brought back from extinction? – The Economist
By daniellenierenberg
Jul 4th 2020
Editors note: Each of these climate-change articles is fiction, but grounded in historical fact and real science. The year, concentration of carbon dioxide and average temperature rise (above pre-industrial average) are shown for each one. The scenarios do not present a unified narrative but are set in different worlds, with a range of climate sensitivities, on different emissions pathways
IN THE LATE 1980s Michael Crichton, a novelist and filmmaker, had a lucrative idea. He picked up on the work of Allan Wilson, a geneticist at the University of California, Berkeley, and let his imagination run riot. Wilson had extracted DNA from an extinct type of zebra called a quagga. The DNA in question was fragmented, and the extinction of the quagga only a century in the past, but that did not matter. Crichton speculated about recovering far older DNA than the quaggas by looking in the guts of bloodsucking insects preserved in amber that had formed millions of years ago, during the age of the dinosaurs. If the insects had been feasting on dinosaurs, he mused, they might have preserved those creatures DNA. And if you have somethings DNA you could, perhaps, recreate it. The result was Jurassic Park.
Sadly, there is no sign of any real DNA having been preserved from that far back in the past. But be a bit less ambitious in your time-travelling, and apply the three decades worth of biotechnological advances that have happened since Jurassic Park was published to the question of how you might go forward from here, and the aspiration of recreating at least some prehistoric creatures no longer seems completely fanciful. It may, moreover, be of practical importance, because one animal the de-extinctionists have in their sights is the woolly mammoth. And some people believe that reintroducing mammoths into the wild would make a change to the ecology of Earths northern reaches sufficiently large as to help curb global warming.
This, then, is the idea behind the Harvard Woolly Mammoth Revival Project, run by George Church. Unlike the long-dead dinosaurs in Jurassic Park, mammoths were present on Earth as recently as 4,000 years ago. That, and the fact that many of the parts of the world in which they lived are still pretty chilly, means quite a lot of mammoth DNA remains reasonably intact in frozen corpses recovered from the tundraenough for palaeogeneticists to have reconstructed the animals genome. And with a genome, as Crichton mused, you can aspire to produce an animal.
Mammoths are a species of elephant. This helps because two (or, according to some taxonomists, three) other species of these animals remain alive today to provide assistance to the mammoth-revivers. Though African elephants (one species, or possibly two) are closer in size to mammoths than their Asian cousins are, genetics show that the Asian variety are mammoths closest living relatives, so it is they that are the focus of Dr Churchs research.
People once fantasised about cloning a mammoth directly, from cells or cell nuclei somehow revived from a fossil specimen. Dr Churchs approach is less ambitious and more realistic. It is to engineer the crucial elements of mammothness into Asian-elephant cells and then use these modified cells to create beasts which have the characteristics of mammoths, even if they are not strictly the real thing.
The technology that may make this possible is CRISPR-Cas9 gene editing, which permits precise changes to be made at particular places in an existing genome. In the case of mammoths the task does not, at first sight, seem too hard. An Asian elephants genome is 99.96% similar to a mammoths. Unfortunately, the 0.04% of difference amounts to about 1.4m places in the genome where the genetic letters of the DNA message differ between the species. Most of these differences are, admittedly, in places where they probably do not matter. But there are 2,020 exceptions which, collectively, change the nature of 1,642 genesabout 6.5% of the total. It is these differences that make mammoths and Asian elephants distinct.
Dr Churchs team are therefore concentrating on mammothising what they perceive to be the most pertinent of these genomic locations. They are tweaking the genes of laboratory-grown Asian-elephant skin cells one at a time, focusing on changes they hope will promote mammoths famed hairiness, their propensity to store layers of fat beneath their skin, their cold-adapted haemoglobin and even the protein molecules in their cell membranes that act as channels for the passage of sodium ions, and which are also adapted to the cold. Whether they also tinker with genes for size is, for now at least, undecided.
The teams hope, once enough mammothness has been engendered into these cells, is that they can then be induced, by what is now a well-established laboratory procedure, to turn from being skin cells into stem cells. A stem cell is one that has the developmental plasticity needed to give rise to all sorts of other cells as it multiplies. In the short term, this approach will let Dr Church and his colleagues grow tissues such as blood, for further study. In the longer term, perhaps using an artificial womb, a stem cell of this sort might be grown into an embryo that can be brought to term. Not quite a true mammoth. But not a bad imitation.
That is all a huge technical challenge. But it is not completely fanciful. And success would usher in the second part of the plan: to liberate groups of newly created mammothoids into the wild, and let them multiply and change the Earth. This is the long-held dream of another group of researchers, led by Sergey Zimov, who runs the Russian Academy of Sciences Northeast Scientific Station, near Cherskii. Not only is it an attractive idea in its own rightfor who could resist the idea of mammoths once again thundering over Siberia?but it might also alter the climate for the better.
Dr Zimovs plan is a grand project of biogeoengineering. Recreated mammoths are the boldest part of his aspiration to revive the grassland-steppe ecosystem that dominated Siberia until the arrival there of human beings, about 30,000 years ago. It had more or less disappeared by about 10,000 years ago, the end of the Pleistocene epoch, to be replaced by the modern tundra, which is dominated by moss and small trees.
This shift in vegetation was, Dr Zimov and his colleagues believe, a result of the extinction or near-extinction at that time of most of the areas large herbivore species. This was almost certainly a consequence of hunting by human beings. Where once there were woolly rhinoceros, musk ox, bison, saiga, yaks, wild horses and mammoths, there now remain only reindeer and elk. The hooves of those vast herds of herbivores were, he believes, the crucial factor stopping the spread of moss at the expense of grass. And the crashing bulk and appetites of the largest speciesmammoths in particularwould have dealt with young trees before they could grow up, as is still the case for elephants in what remains of Africas savannah. The loss of the grassland, climate modelling suggests, propelled an increase in temperature.
One factor driving this change was that forest and moss are darker than grassland. Their spread has therefore increased the amount of sunlight absorbed by the area they are growing in, causing warming.
A second factor was that large animals helped maintain the soil in the perpetually frozen state known as permafrost, by churning up the winter snowfall and thus bringing the soil into contact with the freezing winter air. But without them, the snow instead forms an insulating blanket that allows the soil beneath to warm up. And when permafrost melts, the organic matter in it breaks down, releasing methane and carbon dioxideboth greenhouse gases.
The third pertinent effect is that grass sequesters carbon in the soil in its roots. In Arctic habitats it would do this better than the small, sparse trees now present, and much better than moss, a type of plant that has no roots. Carbon stored this way is thus kept out of the atmosphere where, in the form of carbon dioxide, it would contribute to global warming. When the grass disappeared, the storage capacity did, too.
All these things point to the idea that restoring the Siberian grasslands at the expense of the tundra would be a good thing to do. And Dr Zimov has indeed made a start at doing so, in an area of tundra, covering 160 square kilometres (62 square miles), near his research station. In 1988 he enclosed part of this area and has gradually populated it with reindeer, Yakutian horses, elk, bison, musk ox, yaks, Kalmykian cows and sheep. These coexist with several species of predator, including lynx, wolverines and brown bears. He calls this rewilding project Pleistocene Park, and thinks it would benefit greatly from having a few mammoths, or even mammoth substitutes, in it as well.
Pleistocene Park is an experiment, but it seems to be working. Grasses now dominate large parts of it, carbon storage in the soil is going up and the rate of nutrient turnover is increasing, too. This last point is important because a faster turnover of nutrients means more animals can be supported by a given areaa prerequisite for re-establishing large herds.
Clearly, for Dr Zimovs project to have any effect on the climate it would have to be carried out on a grand scale. The Northeast Siberian coastal tundra, to give the area of habitat in which Pleistocene Park is located its proper name, covers about 850,000 square kilometres, so the park is, at the moment, a mere pinprick. It would also take many decades, even without the complication of introducing as-yet-imaginary mammothoids into the mix.
Expansive though the tundra is, however, whether that effect will be large enough to weigh in the scales of a planet-sized problem is a matter of debate. The models suggest that the global temperature rise brought about by the shift from steppe to tundra was a bit over 0.1C. Reversing this shift would, presumably, push the temperature down by a similar amount. That, as Chris Field of Stanford University, in California, who was one of the modellers, points out, would help stabilise the climate, provided global temperature rises above preindustrial levels can be kept, by other means, below 1.5-2C, the objective agreed in Paris in 2015. But if the rise were much greater than this, he thinks the permafrost would melt anywaymammoths or no.
This article appeared in the The World If section of the print edition under the headline "Doing the tundra quick-steppe"
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What if mammoths are brought back from extinction? - The Economist
Podcast: Let the light shineTackling eye disease with gene therapy – Genetic Literacy Project
By daniellenierenberg
In this episode, supported by the UK Medical Research Council, geneticist Kat Arney and reporter Georgia Mills explore how researchers are letting the light shine in, literally, by uncovering the underlying genetic faults that cause eye diseases and developing game-changing gene therapies to save sight.
Mills speaks with sight loss charity campaigner and fundraiser Ken Reid about his experiences of living with the genetic eye condition Retinitis Pigmentosa (RP)a hereditary disease that causes the gradual degeneration of light-sensitive cells in the back of the eye. He first realized that something was wrong with his sight when he was a party-going teenager in the 1970s.
I always had very poor eyesight and couldnt understand how people could do things in the dark, he says. Most people probably dont remember what discos in the 70s were like, but they were just dark. You had this lovely interaction where it was very noisy, it was very dark and there were some flashing lights. I could see nothing and trying to find somebody to dance with was a real torment. I didnt know how people managed it!
At the MRC Human Genetics Unit in Edinburgh, Chloe Stanton is searching for the gene faults that underpin RP and other hereditary eye diseases, with more than 100 RP genes identified so far. To find out more about what all these genes actually do, her colleague Roly Megaw is growing tiny mini-eyes in the lab from reprogrammed stem cells originally derived from skin samples including one from Reid himself.
Finally, Robin Ali at Kings College London is running clinical trials of gene therapy for inherited eye disorders. Theres been impressive progress in recent years, and Ali is hopeful that treatments will come through for people like Reid.
In the 25 years Ive been working on developing gene therapy for retinal degeneration, weve seen huge advances. I think we couldnt imagine how far we could come. I remember when I first started, we were working out ways to deliver genes to the retina and we were pleased if we saw just one or two cells that had taken up a virus and maybe expressing a gene for a couple of weeks. We are now able to rescue dozens of different animal models highly effectively. Its just a matter of time until this technology can be applied as effectively to humans.
Full transcript, links and references available online at GeneticsUnzipped.com
Genetics Unzippedis the podcast from the UKGenetics Society,presented by award-winning science communicator and biologistKat Arneyand produced byFirst Create the Media.Follow Kat on Twitter@Kat_Arney,Genetics Unzipped@geneticsunzip,and the Genetics Society at@GenSocUK
Listen to Genetics Unzipped onApple Podcasts(iTunes)Google Play,Spotify,orwherever you get your podcasts
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Podcast: Let the light shineTackling eye disease with gene therapy - Genetic Literacy Project
Autologous Cell Therapy Market by Leading Manufacturers, Demand and Growth Overview 2019 to 2027 – 3rd Watch News
By daniellenierenberg
Transparency Market Research (TMR) has published a new report titled, Autologous cell therapy Market Global Industry Analysis, Size, Share, Growth, Trends, and Forecast, 20192027. According to the report, the global autologous cell therapy market was valued at US$ 7.5 Bn in 2018 and is projected to expand at a CAGR of 18.1% from 2019 to 2027.
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Overview
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Rise in Prevalence of Neurological Disorders & Cancer and Others to Drive Market
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Bone Marrow Segment to Dominate Market
Neurology Segment to be Highly Lucrative Segment
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Hospitals Segment to be Highly Lucrative Segment
North America to Dominate Global Market
Competitive Landscape
The global autologous cell therapy market is fragmented in terms of number of players. Key players in the global market include Pharmicell Co., Inc., Castle Creek Biosciences, Inc., Vericel Corporation, Lineage Cell Therapeutics, Inc., BrainStorm Cell Therapeutics, Caladrius Biosciences, Inc., Opexa Therapeutics, Inc., Regeneus Ltd., Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited., Sangamo Therapeutics, U.S. Stem Cell, Inc. and other prominent players.
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Our data repository is continuously updated and revised by a team of research experts so that it always reflects latest trends and information. With a broad research and analysis capability, Transparency Market Research employs rigorous primary and secondary research techniques in developing distinctive data sets and research material for business reports.
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COVID 19 to Lead the Sales of Myelofibrosis Treatment to Register Stellar Growth in the Next 10 Years – The Canton Independent Sentinel
By daniellenierenberg
Myelofibrosis or osteomyelofibrosis is a myeloproliferative disorder which is characterized by proliferation of abnormal clone of hematopoietic stem cells. Myelofibrosis is a rare type of chronic leukemia which affects the blood forming function of the bone marrow tissue. National Institute of Health (NIH) has listed it as a rare disease as the prevalence of myelofibrosis in UK is as low as 0.5 cases per 100,000 population. The cause of myelofibrosis is the genetic mutation in bone marrow stem cells. The disorder is found to occur mainly in the people of age 50 or more and shows no symptoms at an early stage. The common symptoms associated with myelofibrosis include weakness, fatigue, anemia, splenomegaly (spleen enlargement) and gout. However, the disease progresses very slowly and 10% of the patients eventually develop acute myeloid leukemia. Treatment options for myelofibrosis are mainly to prevent the complications associated with low blood count and splenomegaly.
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The global market for myelofibrosis treatment is expected to grow moderately due to low incidence of a disease. However, increasing incidence of genetic disorders, lifestyle up-gradation and rise in smoking population are the factors which can boost the growth of global myelofibrosis treatment market. The high cost of therapy will the growth of global myelofibrosis treatment market.
The global market for myelofibrosis treatment is segmented on basis of treatment type, end user and geography:
As myelofibrosis is considered as non-curable disease treatment options mainly depend on visible symptoms of a disease. Primary stages of the myelofibrosis are treated with supportive therapies such as chemotherapy and radiation therapy. However, there are serious unmet needs in myelofibrosis treatment market due to lack of disease modifying agents. Approval of JAK1/JAK2 inhibitor Ruxolitinib in 2011 is considered as a breakthrough in myelofibrosis treatment. Stem cell transplantation for the treatment of myelofibrosis also holds tremendous potential for market growth but high cost of therapy is foreseen to limits the growth of the segment.
On the basis of treatment type, the global myelofibrosis treatment market has been segmented into blood transfusion, chemotherapy, androgen therapy and stem cell or bone marrow transplantation. Chemotherapy segment is expected to contribute major share due to easy availability of chemotherapeutic agents. Ruxolitinib is the only chemotherapeutic agent approved by the USFDA specifically for the treatment of myelofibrosis, which will drive the global myelofibrosis treatment market over the forecast period.
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Geographically, global myelofibrosis treatment market is segmented into five regions viz. North America, Latin America, Europe, Asia Pacific and Middle East & Africa. Northe America is anticipated to lead the global myelofibrosis treatment market due to comparatively high prevalence of the disease in the region.
Some of the key market players in the global myelofibrosis treatment market are Incyte Corporation, Novartis AG, Celgene Corporation, Mylan Pharmaceuticals Ulc., Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Eli Lilly and Company, Taro Pharmaceuticals Inc., AllCells LLC, Lonza Group Ltd., ATCC Inc. and others.
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Stem Cell Therapy Market 2020 to Witness Lucrative Growth in Coming Years with Top Key Players RichSource, Mesoblast Limited, TiGenix NV, AlloSource -…
By daniellenierenberg
Stem Cell Therapy Market In-Depth Analysis
Stem cells are preliminary body cells from which all other cells with specialized functions are generated. Under controlled environment in the body or a clinical laboratory, these cells divide to form more cells called daughter cells. Due to the advent of modern health science, these cells play a major role in understanding the occurrence of diseases, generation of advanced regenerative medicines, and drug discovery. There are certain sources such as embryo, bone marrow, body fats, and umbilical cord blood amongst others, where stem cells are generated. The globalstem cell therapy marketis driven by factors such as increasing awareness related to the stem cells therapy in effective disease management and growing demand for regenerative medicines. However, high cost related with stem cell therapy is likely to obstruct the growth of the stem cell therapy market during the forecast period. The growing research and development activities in Asia Pacific region is expected to offer huge growth opportunity for stem cell therapy market.
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Some of the key players profiled in the study are MEDIPOST, Pharmicell Co., Inc., RichSource, BioTime Inc. (Lineage Cell Therapeutics, Inc.), Mesoblast Limited, Holostem Terapie Avanzate Srl, U.S. Stem Cell, Inc., Caladrius Biosciences, Inc., TiGenix NV, AlloSource, etc.
The research report provides deep insights into the global market revenue, parent market trends, macro-economic indicators, and governing factors, along with market attractiveness per market segment. The report provides an overview of the growth rate of the Stem Cell Therapy market during the forecast period, i.e., 20202027. Most importantly, the report further identifies the qualitative impact of various market factors on market segments and geographies. The research segments the market on the basis of product type, application, technology, and region. To offer more clarity regarding the industry, the report takes a closer look at the current status of various factors including but not limited to supply chain management, niche markets, distribution channel, trade, supply, and demand and production capability across different countries.
Global Stem Cell Therapy Market to 2027 Global Analysis and Forecast by Type (Adult Stem Cell Therapy, Embryonic Stem Cell Therapy, Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell Therapy, Other Stem Cell Therapy); Treatment (Allogeneic, Autologous ); Application (Musculoskeletal, Dermatology, Cardiology, Drug Discovery and Development, Other Applications); End User (Hospitals and Specialty Clinics, Academic and Research Institutes)
Key Benefits
The report profiles the key players in the industry, along with a detailed analysis of their individual positions against the global landscape. The study conducts SWOT analysis to evaluate strengths and weaknesses of the key players in the Stem Cell Therapy market. The researcher provides an extensive analysis of the Stem Cell Therapy market size, share, trends, overall earnings, gross revenue, and profit margin to accurately draw a forecast and provide expert insights to investors to keep them updated with the trends in the market.
Competitive scenario:
The study assesses factors such as segmentation, description, and applications of Stem Cell Therapy industries. It derives accurate insights to give a holistic view of the dynamic features of the business, including shares, profit generation, thereby directing focus on the critical aspects of the business.
Scope of the Report
The research on the Stem Cell Therapy market focuses on mining out valuable data on investment pockets, growth opportunities, and major market vendors to help clients understand their competitors methodologies. The research also segments the Stem Cell Therapy market on the basis of end user, product type, application, and demography for the forecast period 20212027. Comprehensive analysis of critical aspects such as impacting factors and competitive landscape are showcased with the help of vital resources, such as charts, tables, and infographics.
Promising Regions & Countries Mentioned in The Stem Cell Therapy Market Report:
Major highlights of the report:
All-inclusive evaluation of the parent market
Evolution of significant market aspects
Industry-wide investigation of market segments
Assessment of market value and volume in past, present, and forecast years
Evaluation of market share
Study of niche industrial sectors
Tactical approaches of market leaders
Lucrative strategies to help companies strengthen their position in the market
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Stem Cell Therapy Market 2020 to Witness Lucrative Growth in Coming Years with Top Key Players RichSource, Mesoblast Limited, TiGenix NV, AlloSource -...
Zinc finger and BTB domain-containing protein 46 is essential for survival and proliferation of acute myeloid leukemia cell line but dispensable for…
By daniellenierenberg
Zinc finger and BTB domain-containing protein 46 (Zbtb46) is a transcription factor identified in classical dendritic cells, and maintains dendritic cell quiescence in a steady state. Zbtb46 has been reported to be a negative indicator of acute myeloid leukemia (AML). We found that Zbtb46 was expressed at a relatively higher level in hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) compared to mature cells, and higher in AML cells compared to normal bone marrow (BM) cells. However, the role of Zbtb46 in HSPCs and AML cells remains unclear. Therefore, we sought to elucidate the effect of Zbtb46 in normal hematopoiesis and AML cells.We generated Zbtb46 and Zbtb46Mx1-Cre mice. The deletion of Zbtb46 in Zbtb46Mx1-Cre mice was induced by intraperitoneal injection of double-stranded poly (I). poly (C) (poly(I:C)), and referred as Zbtb46 cKO. After confirming the deletion of Zbtb46, the frequency and numbers of HSPCs and mature blood cells were analyzed by flow cytometry. Serial intraperitoneal injection of 5-fluorouracil was administrated to determine the repopulation ability of HSCs from Zbtb46 and Zbtb46 cKO mice. The correlation between Zbtb46 expression and prognosis was analyzed using the data from the Cancer Genome Atlas. To investigate the role of Zbtb46 in AML cells, we knocked down the expression of Zbtb46 in THP-1 cells using lentiviral vectors expressing small hairpin RNAs targeting Zbtb46. Cell proliferation rate was determined by cell count assay. Cell apoptosis and bromodeoxyuridine incorporation were determined by flow cytometry.The percentages and absolute numbers of HSPCs and mature blood cells were comparable in Zbtb46 cKO mice and its Zbtb46 littermates (Zbtb46vs. Zbtb46 cKO, HPC: 801,31084,282 vs. 907,20297,403, t = 0.82, P = 0.46; LSK: 86,8957802 vs. 102,2105025, t=1.65, P=0.17; HSC: 19,7533116 vs. 17,6083508, t=0.46, P=0.67). The repopulation ability of HSCs from Zbtb46Mx1-Cre mice was similar to those from Zbtb46 control (P=0.26). Zbtb46 had elevated expression in AML cells compared to total BM cells from normal control. Knockdown of Zbtb46 in THP-1 cells led to a significant increase in cell apoptosis and reduced cell growth and proliferation.Collectively, our data indicate that Zbtb46 is essential for survival and proliferation of AML cells, but dispensable for normal hematopoiesis.
PubMed
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Zinc finger and BTB domain-containing protein 46 is essential for survival and proliferation of acute myeloid leukemia cell line but dispensable for...
Bioprinting Market Trends and Segments 2018-2023 Cole Reports – Cole of Duty
By daniellenierenberg
Theglobal bioprinting marketshould reach $1.4 billion by 2024 from $306.2 million in 2019 at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 35.4% for the period 2019 to 2024.
Report Scope:
This new BCC Research report on the topic Current Bioprinting Prospects and Future Innovations offers a detailed perspective on bioprinting technology, its current market and future prospects. The report provides a comprehensive analysis of the trending applications of bioprinting in the market in the global context, including market forecasts and sales through 2024. The report is focused on the analysis of the bioprinting market by various product types, regions and applications.
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The products that matter the most, i.e., instruments (bioprinters), reagents (bioinks), 3D cell culture products, and software and services, are discussed and analyzed. Each of these segments are sub-divided into different types (as detailed later). The emphasis is on the printing instruments, reagents, tissue products, skin substitutes, etc. The report also highlights the popular and emerging applications of bioprinting in the clinical and research domains. The end user markets, i.e., research and development, cosmetics, drug discovery, clinical and others, are analyzed in this report. Other end user markets include chemical, agrochemical, educational, hobbyist and veterinary applications. This study includes a survey of the bioprinting market in all geographic regions, including North America, Europe, and Emerging markets. The Emerging markets include regions like India, China, Korea, Taiwan, Africa, Australia, New Zealand, Canada, Latin America, among others.
The report elaborates on the critical issues and challenges facing the bioprinting industry as well as emerging trends in bioprinting technologies. It additionally features the new developments and new product launches in the global market.
The new BCC report provides relevant patent analysis and comprehensive profiles of market players in the industry. The industry structure chapter focuses on changing market trends, important manufacturers/suppliers, their market shares and product offerings. The chapter also covers mergers and acquisitions and any other collaborations or partnerships that happened during the evaluation period of this report that are expected to shape the industry.
Factors such as the strengths, weaknesses, threats and opportunities that are expected to play a role in the evolution of the bioprinting market are also evaluated. Any regulatory changes or new initiatives are highlighted explicitly.
Excluded from this report is medical 3D printing, which focuses on nonliving materials used in medical devices. Examples of medical devices that are not covered include treatment models, surgical tools and guides, prosthetics, dental restorations and crowns, and surgical implants.
Report Includes:
85 data tables and 27 additional tables Comprehensive analysis of the bioprinting technologies and their trending applications in the market at a global scale Analyses of the global market trends with data from 2017 to 2018, estimates for 2019, and projections of compound annual growth rates (CAGRs) through 2024 Segmentation of the global market by technologies and products, notably instruments (bioprinters), reagents (bioinks), 3D cell culture products, and software and services Focus on the popular and emerging applications of bioprinting in the clinical and research domains Regional dynamics of bioprinting technologies covering North America, Europe and Other emerging markets including India, China, Korea, Taiwan, Africa, Australia, New Zealand, Canada, Latin America etc. Discussion of new developments and new product launches in the global bioprinting market A relevant patent analysis Company profiles of market players in the industry, including 3Dynamic Systems Ltd., Aspect Biosystems, GeSiM, n3D Biosciences Inc., Organovo Holdings Inc., Prellis Biologics Inc. and regenHU Ltd.
Summary
Bioprinting is a form of additive manufacturing technology, that can be used to fabricate biomimicking 3D tissue constructs and organs. The reliability and accuracy offered by these 3D tissue structures and organ constructs have made them highly attractive for a number of applications. The use of stem cells in bioprinting has significant prospects in the area of personalized medicine, to develop customized tissues/organs for repair or for the fabrication of personalized 3D tissue models for drug toxicity testing.
There is a huge unmet demand for organs. Bioprinting of 3D organs has the potential to reduce the endless wait lists of organ donations and revolutionize the medical industry. Though a number of studies are going on catering to the development of fully, functional organs by bioprinting, a number of challenges remain. These pertain to the fabrication of complex tissues with multiple cell types, the issue of resolution, and the incorporation of vascularization, among other factors.
Despite these challenges, 3D bioprinting has undergone extensive progress and is used in many other applications. The 3D tissues being biofabricated can be used for tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. From the treatment of wounds (3D skin tissues), to craniomaxillofacial repair and orthopedic reconstructive surgeries (bone grafts), to the vascular grafts used to treat the growing number of heart disease patientsthese are just some of the potential clinical applications of bioprinting. In addition, in situ bioprinters that have the ability to treat the wounds/injuries by directly printing cells at a wound site are also gaining immense popularity.
One of the main drivers of the bioprinting market are the applications of 3D tissue constructs and biofabricated organ-on-chips for in vitro drug testing. The pharmaceutical industry is constrained by a high rate of drug failures at the clinical stage. Bioprinted 3D models reproduce natural tissues very closely and, therefore, are ideal materials for in vitro drug testing and other preclinical testing studies. The potential of 3D tissues to alleviate the burden on animal testing is another reason for their increased popularity. Poietis recently launched the biofabricated skin tissue, Poieskin, which can be used for cosmetic testing applications. Moreover, a multitude research organizations and universities aredeveloping 3D tissue models for disease modeling, drug research and cancer studies, among others.
The bioprinting market is propelled by innovations in bioprinting technologies and products encompassing bioprinters, bioinks, software, and 3D tissue products. The number of U.S. patents issued in 2018 (through November 4, 2018) in the field of bioprinting increased to 38, from a total of 27 in 2017. The highest number of patents were issued in the category of 3D cell culture products followed by the bioinks segment. Strategic collaborations and partnerships among research institutes and bioprinting companies along with interested partners from the pharmaceuticals and cosmetics sectors are supporting the growth of bioprinting market in a big way. Other factors driving the growth of the bioprinting market include increased government grants, the rising interest of private venture capitalists supporting several bioprinting start-ups, and the increasing healthcare burden.
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Bioprinting Market Trends and Segments 2018-2023 Cole Reports - Cole of Duty
Study shows COVID-19 can infect heart cellsand do serious damage in the process – Cardiovascular Business
By daniellenierenberg
A new study suggests COVID-19 has the potential to infect cardiaccells, causing changes in their ability to function after just 72 hours.
The researchers found that SARS-CoV-2, the virus behind COVID-19, was capable of infecting heart muscle cells created with stem cell technology and stored in a lab dish. They shared their findings in Cell Reports Medicine.
We not only uncovered that these stem cell-derived heart cells are susceptible to infection by novel coronavirus, but that the virus can also quickly divide within the heart muscle cells, first author Arun Sharma, PhD, a research fellow at the Cedars-Sinai Board of Governors Regenerative Medicine Institute in Los Angeles, said in a statement.
The infected heart cells changed their gene expression profile, the authors added, providing additional context about how the body attempts to combat the infection. And the stem cell-derived heart cells show potential as an effective way to identify and test new methods for treating COVID-19-related heart infections.
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Study shows COVID-19 can infect heart cellsand do serious damage in the process - Cardiovascular Business
Its not just the lungs: COVID-19 can affect the brain and heart of those infected, researchers say – WITI FOX 6 Milwaukee
By daniellenierenberg
LOS ANGELES As medical experts learn about the novel coronavirus, which continues to exhibit an array of ever-evolving symptoms and long-term effects, researchers have found that the deadly illness can have deleterious impacts on the heart and brain.
A recent study published on June 25 in the journalCell Reports Medicine, found that while COVID-19 is commonly known as a respiratory illness, the disease has also been known to instigate inflammatory responses in the body which can negatively affect the function of ones heart and brain.
According to the study, researchers observed SARS-CoV-2 infecting human heart cells that were grown from stem cells in a lab. Within 72 hours of infection, the virus managed to spread and replicate, killing the heart cells.
The researchers brought up the particularly alarming possibility that if COVID-19 can infect the heart cells in a laboratory setting, it could possibly infect those specific organs, prompting the need for a cardiac-specific antiviral drug screen program.
And those concerns are not unwarranted, according to doctors and other researchers who have been observing and studying the wide range of health problems and negative outcomes that appear to come with the not-yet-fully-known territory of the novel virus.
The most common coronavirus symptoms are fever, a dry cough and shortness of breath and some people are contagious despite never experiencing symptoms. But as the virus continues to spread, less common symptoms are being reported, including loss of smell, vomiting and diarrhea, along with a variety of skin problems and harmful neurological effects.
A recentreportfromDr. Robert Stevens, M.D., the associate director of the Johns Hopkins Precision Medicine Center of Excellence for Neurocritical Care, said that coronavirus patients are continuously experiencing a wide range of disconcerting effects on the brain.
Some of the neural symptoms, according to Johns Hopkins, include:
Patients are also having peripheral nerve issues, such as Guillain-Barr syndrome, which can lead to paralysis and respiratory failure, wrote Stevens. I estimate that at least half of the patients Im seeing in the COVID-19 units have neurological symptoms.
While medical experts have continuously repeated that more is still being discovered about the virus, Stevens listed some possibilities on how COVID-19, a respiratory illness, is making its way to the brain.
The first possible way is that the virus may have the capacity to enter the brain and cause a severe and sudden infection. Cases reported in China and Japan found the viruss genetic material in spinal fluid, and a case in Florida found viral particles in brain cells, Stevens wrote.
He added that viral particles in the brain and spine may occur when the virus enters the body through a patients bloodstream or nerve endings.
The second possibility is that the bodys immune system has an overreaction to the virus, causing severe inflammatory responses that cause organ and tissue damage.
The third theory is the erratic physiological changes the disease causes in the body, which involve extremely high fever and low oxygen levels in the blood, result in harmful effects to the brain.
Stevens added that there has been an abnormal observance of blood clotting that has caused some coronavirus patients to suffer strokes. A stroke could occur if a blood clot were to block or narrow arteries leading to the brain, he said.
Another illness that has been known to impact the brain in patients with COVID-19 is currently being studied by Dr. Mady Hornig, an immunologist and professor of epidemiology at Columbia University.
Hornig said that Myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS) is an illness that has been found in patients who have recovered from coronaviruses such as SARS.
TheCenters for Disease Control and Preventioncites a 2015 report from the nations top medical advisory body, the Institute of Medicine, which says that an estimated 836,000 to 2.5 million Americans suffer from ME/CFS.
The CDC says that people with ME/CFS experience severe fatigue, sleep problems, as well as difficulty with thinking and concentrating while experiencing pain and dizziness.
Hornig said SARS-CoV-1 and MERS have been associated with longer-term difficulties, in which many people appeared to have symptoms of ME/CFS.
Hornig is currently researching the long-term effects of COVID-19, and has been confronted with an array of concerning symptoms that have persisted in patients, as well as herself.
She can personally attest to the variety of symptoms that have been reported in coronavirus patients, ever since she began to experience her own COVID-19 symptoms in April that have continued to impact her daily life for the past few months.
She has also experienced cardiac complications while dealing with the illness.
Since getting sick, Hornig said shes had to carry a pulse oximeter with her, a device which registers her pulse since she began to have tachycardia episodes when her fever began to decline. Tachycardia is a condition that can make a persons heart beat abnormally fast, reducing blood flow to the rest of the body,according to the Mayo Clinic.
Hornigs most recent episode was on June 22. Her pulse registered at 135 beats per minute, which she said occurred just from her sitting at her computer. She said a normal pulse for someone her age would be around 60-70 beats per minute.
The findings on the novel virus potential effects on the heart and brain come as the CDC continues to update itslistof coronavirus symptoms and high-risk conditions for COVID-19 complications.
Notably, the CDC also removed the specific age threshold from the older adult classification. CDC now warns that among adults, risk increases steadily as you age, and its not just those over the age of 65 who are at increased risk for severe illness, the agency wrote.
Johns Hopkins has noted that younger patients in their 30s and 40s are reportedly having strokes as a result of COVID-19.
It may have something to do with the hyperactive blood-clotting system in these patients, Stevens said. Another system that is hyper-activated in patients with COVID-19 is the endothelial system, which consists of the cells that form the barrier between blood vessels and body tissue. This system is more biologically active in younger patients, and the combination of hyperactive endothelial and blood-clotting systems puts these patients at a major risk for developing blood clots.
But Stevens cautioned that more conclusive data is needed before the medical community can say with assurance that younger people are particularly susceptible to strokes caused by the novel coronavirus.
It is also plausible that theres an increase in stroke in COVID-19 patients of all ages, Stevens said.
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Its not just the lungs: COVID-19 can affect the brain and heart of those infected, researchers say - WITI FOX 6 Milwaukee
WHO says living with COVID-19 to be new normal as global cases top 10 mln – WeForNews
By daniellenierenberg
Washington, July 2 : The overall number of global COVID-19 cases has increased to over 10.6 million, while the deaths have soared to more than 515,000, according to the Johns Hopkins University.
As of Thursday morning, the total number of cases increased to 10,667,217, while the fatalities stood at to 515,542, the Universitys Center for Systems Science and Engineering (CSSE) revealed in its latest update.
The US accounted for the worlds highest number of infections and fatalities with 2,685,806 and 128,061, respectively, according to the CSSE.
Brazil came in the second place with 1,448,753 infections and 60,632 deaths.
In terms of cases, Russia ranks third (653,479), and is followed by India (585,493), the UK (314,992), Peru (288,477), Chile (282,043), Spain (249,659), Italy (240,760), Mexico (231,770), Iran (230,211), Pakistan (213,470), France (202,981), Turkey (201,098), Germany (195,893), Saudi Arabia (194,225), South Africa (159,333), Bangladesh (149,258) and Canada (106,288), the CSSE figures showed.
The other countries with over 10,000 deaths are the UK (43,991), Italy (34,788), France (29,864), Mexico (28,510), Spain (28,364), India (17,400) and Iran (10,958).
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WHO says living with COVID-19 to be new normal as global cases top 10 mln - WeForNews
What is a stem cell or bone marrow transplant? | Stem cell …
By daniellenierenberg
You might have a stem cell or bone marrow transplant as part of your cancer treatment.
It is a treatment for some people with:
It is also a treatment for other blood conditions.
A transplant allows you to have high doses of chemotherapy and other treatments. The stem cellsare collected from the bloodstream or the bone marrow.
Stem cells are very earlycells made inthe bone marrow. Bone marrow is a spongy material that fills the bones.
These stem cells develop into red blood cells, white blood cells and platelets.
Red blood cells contain haemoglobin which carries oxygen around the body. White blood cells are part of your immune system and help to fight infection. Platelets help to clot the blood to prevent bleeding.
You have a stem cell transplant after very high doses of chemotherapy. You might have targeted drugs with the chemotherapy. You may also have radiotherapy to your whole body. This is called total body irradiation or TBI.
The radiotherapy and chemotherapy have a good chance of killing the cancercells. But it also kills the stem cells in your bone marrow.
Soyour team either collect:
After the treatment you have the stem cells into your bloodstream through a drip. The cells find their way back to your bone marrow where they start making blood cells again and your bone marrow slowly recovers.
Some people who have a donor transplant might have a mini transplant. This isalso called a reduced intensity conditioning (RIC) transplant.
You have lower doses of chemotherapy than in a traditional stem cell transplant. You might have this treatment if you are older (usually over 50 years),or not fit or well enough for a traditional transplant.
The main difference between a stem cell and bone marrow transplant is whether stem cells are collected from the bloodstream or bone marrow.
A stem cell transplant uses stem cells from your bloodstream, or a donors bloodstream. This is also called a peripheral blood stem cell transplant.
A bone marrow transplant uses stem cells from your bone marrow, or a donors bone marrow.
Stem cell transplants are the most common type of transplant. Bone marrow transplants are not used as much. This is because:
You might have a bone marrow transplant if collecting stem cells has been difficult in your situation.
The aim of your transplant will depend on your situation. Your doctor might explain that a transplant will try to cure your disease or control it for as long as possible.
With lymphoma, leukaemia and myeloma the aim is to put the cancer into remission. Remission means there is no sign of the cancer.
Your doctor might suggest a transplant if your disease:
Depending on your situation, you might have a transplant using:
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What is a stem cell or bone marrow transplant? | Stem cell ...
Impact of COVID 19 pandemic on Stem Cell Characterization and Analysis Tools Market Structure and Its Segmentation – 3rd Watch News
By daniellenierenberg
Stem cell characterization is the study of tissue-specific differentiation. Thera are various type of stem cell such as embryonic stem cell, epithelial stem cell and others. Further, various techniques are used to characterized stem cells such as immunological techniques, used for depiction of different population of stem cells. These techniques are generally based on immunochemistry using staining technique or florescent microscopy. Besides, stem cells characterization and analysis tools are used against target chronic diseases. In 2014, the San Diego (UCSD) Health System and Sanford Stem Cell Clinical Center at the University of California announced the launch of a clinical trial, in order to assess the safety of neural stem cellbased therapy in patients with chronic spinal cord injury.
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The factors driving the growth of stem cell characterization and analysis tools market due to increasing chronic disorders such as cancer, a diabetes and others. In addition, increasing awareness about among people about the therapeutic potency of stem cells characterization in the management of effective diseases is anticipated to increase the demand for stem cell characterization and analysis tools. Further, there are various technologies such as flow cytometry which is used to characterize the cell surface profiling of human-bone marrow and other related purposes are expected to increase the growth of stem cell characterization and analysis tools market. In addition, increasing investment by private and public organization for research activities are likely to supplement the market growth in near future.
On the other hand, the unclear guidelines and the technical limitation for the development of the product are expected to hamper the growth of stem cell characterization and analysis tools market.
Rapid increase in corona virus all around the world is expected to hamper the growth of stem cell characterization and analysis tools market. The virus outburst has become one of the threats to the global economy and financial markets. The impact has made immense decrease in revenue generation in the field of all healthcare industry growth for the market in terms of compatibility and it has led in huge financial losses and human life which has hit very hard to the core of developing as well as emerging economies in healthcare sector. It further anticipated that such gloomy epidemiological pandemic environment is going to remain in next for at least some months, and this is going to also affect the life-science market which also include the market of stem cell characterization and analysis tools market.
Based on the Products and Service Type, stem cell characterization and analysis tools market are segmented into:
Based on the Technology, stem cell characterization and analysis tools market are segmented into:
Based on the Applications, stem cell characterization and analysis tools market are segmented into:
Based on the End User, stem cell characterization and analysis tools market are segmented into:
Based on the segmentation, human embryonic stem cell is expected to dominate the market due to their indefinite life span and higher totipotency as compared to other stem cells. Further, on the basis of technology segmentations, cell production is anticipated to increase the demand for stem cell characterization and analysis tools due to their emerging applications for stem cells in drug testing in the management of the effective diseases. Furthermore, on the basis of application segmentations, oncology is expected to show significant growth rate due to increase in the number of pipelines products for the treatment of cancers or tumors. Based on the end user, pharmaceutical and biotechnology companies are expected to dominate the market due to rising global awareness about the therapeutics research activities.
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Geographically, the global stem cell characterization and analysis tools market is segmented into regions such as Latin America, Europe, North America, South Asia, East Asia Middle East & Africa and Oceania. North America is projected to emerge as prominent market in the global stem cell characterization and analysis tools market due to growing cases of target chronic diseases and increasing investments for research activities. Europe is the second leading region to dominate the market due to technological advancement and also surge in therapeutic activities, funded by government across the world. Asia-pacific is likely to witness maximum growth in near future due to increasing disposable income and with the development of infrastructure.
Some of the major key players competing in the global stem cell characterization and analysis tools market are Osiris Therapeutics, Inc., Caladrius Biosciences, Inc., U.S. Stem Cell, Inc., Astellas Pharma Inc., TEMCELL Technologies Inc., BioTime Inc., Cellular Engineering Technologies Inc., Cytori Therapeutics, Inc., and BrainStorm Cell Therapeutics Inc.
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Impact of COVID 19 pandemic on Stem Cell Characterization and Analysis Tools Market Structure and Its Segmentation - 3rd Watch News
Bone Marrow Processing System Market Poised to Expand at a Robust Pace Over COVID-19 Crisis 2018 2025 – Kentucky Journal 24
By daniellenierenberg
Bone marrow aspiration and trephine biopsy are usually performed on the back of the hipbone, or posterior iliac crest. An aspirate can also be obtained from the sternum (breastbone). For the sternal aspirate, the patient lies on their back, with a pillow under the shoulder to raise the chest. A trephine biopsy should never be performed on the sternum, due to the risk of injury to blood vessels, lungs or the heart.
The need to selectively isolate and concentrate selective cells, such as mononuclear cells, allogeneic cancer cells, T cells and others, is driving the market. Over 30,000 bone marrow transplants occur every year. The explosive growth of stem cells therapies represents the largest growth opportunity for bone marrow processing systems.Europe and North America spearheaded the market as of 2016, by contributing over 74.0% to the overall revenue. Majority of stem cell transplants are conducted in Europe, and it is one of the major factors contributing to the lucrative share in the cell harvesting system market.
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In 2016, North America dominated the research landscape as more than 54.0% of stem cell clinical trials were conducted in this region. The region also accounts for the second largest number of stem cell transplantation, which is further driving the demand for harvesting in the region.Asia Pacific is anticipated to witness lucrative growth over the forecast period, owing to rising incidence of chronic diseases and increasing demand for stem cell transplantation along with stem cell-based therapy.
Japan and China are the biggest markets for harvesting systems in Asia Pacific. Emerging countries such as Mexico, South Korea, and South Africa are also expected to report lucrative growth over the forecast period. Growing investment by government bodies on stem cell-based research and increase in aging population can be attributed to the increasing demand for these therapies in these countries.
Major players operating in the global bone marrow processing systems market are ThermoGenesis (Cesca Therapeutics inc.), RegenMed Systems Inc., MK Alliance Inc., Fresenius Kabi AG, Harvest Technologies (Terumo BCT), Arthrex, Inc. and others
COVID-19 Impact Analysis@https://www.trendsmarketresearch.com/report/covid-19-analysis/3184
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Bone Marrow Processing System Market Poised to Expand at a Robust Pace Over COVID-19 Crisis 2018 2025 - Kentucky Journal 24
Rahul Gandhi to interact with nurses on July 1 – WeForNews
By daniellenierenberg
New York, July 1 : A team of US scientists, led by an Indian-origin researcher revealed that SARS-CoV-2 (coronavirus), the virus behind Covid-19, can infect heart cells in a lab dish.
This suggests it may be possible for heart cells in Covid-19 patients to be directly infected by the virus.
The discovery, published today in the journal Cell Reports Medicine, was made using heart muscle cells that were produced by stem cell technology.
We not only uncovered that these stem cell-derived heart cells are susceptible to infection by a novel coronavirus, but that the virus can also quickly divide within the heart muscle cells, said study researcher Arun Sharma from the Cedars-Sinai Board of Governors Regenerative Medicine Institute in the US.
Even more significant, the infected heart cells showed changes in their ability to beat after 72 hours of infection, Sharma added.Although many COVID-19 patients experience heart problems, the reasons remain unclear. Pre-existing cardiac conditions or inflammation and oxygen deprivation resulting from the infection have all been implicated.
But there has until now been only limited evidence the SARS-CoV-2 virus directly infects the individual muscle cells of the heart.The study also demonstrated human stem cell-derived heart cells infected by SARS-CoV-2 change their gene expression profile.This offers further confirmation the cells can be actively infected by the virus and activate innate cellular defence mechanisms in an effort to help clear-out the virus.
This viral pandemic is predominately defined by respiratory symptoms, but there are also cardiac complications, including arrhythmia, heart failure and viral myocarditis, said study co-author Clive Svendsen.
While this could be the result of massive inflammation in response to the virus, our data suggest that the heart could also be directly affected by the virus in Covid-19, Svendsen added.
Researchers also found that treatment with an ACE2 antibody was able to blunt viral replication on stem cell-derived heart cells, suggesting that the ACE2 receptor could be used by SARS-CoV-2 to enter human heart muscle cells.
By blocking the ACE2 protein with an antibody, the virus is not as easily able to bind to the ACE2 protein, and thus cannot easily enter the cell, said Sharma. This not only helps us understand the mechanisms of how this virus functions, but also suggests therapeutic approaches that could be used as a potential treatment for SARS-CoV-2 infection, he explained.
The study used human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), a type of stem cell that is created in the lab from a persons blood or skin cells. IPSCs can make any cell type found in the body, each one carrying the DNA of the individual. This work illustrates the power of being able to study human tissue in a dish, the authors wrote.
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Coronavirus: WHO warns the worst is yet to come – WeForNews
By daniellenierenberg
New York, July 1 : A team of US scientists, led by an Indian-origin researcher revealed that SARS-CoV-2 (coronavirus), the virus behind Covid-19, can infect heart cells in a lab dish.
This suggests it may be possible for heart cells in Covid-19 patients to be directly infected by the virus.
The discovery, published today in the journal Cell Reports Medicine, was made using heart muscle cells that were produced by stem cell technology.
We not only uncovered that these stem cell-derived heart cells are susceptible to infection by a novel coronavirus, but that the virus can also quickly divide within the heart muscle cells, said study researcher Arun Sharma from the Cedars-Sinai Board of Governors Regenerative Medicine Institute in the US.
Even more significant, the infected heart cells showed changes in their ability to beat after 72 hours of infection, Sharma added.Although many COVID-19 patients experience heart problems, the reasons remain unclear. Pre-existing cardiac conditions or inflammation and oxygen deprivation resulting from the infection have all been implicated.
But there has until now been only limited evidence the SARS-CoV-2 virus directly infects the individual muscle cells of the heart.The study also demonstrated human stem cell-derived heart cells infected by SARS-CoV-2 change their gene expression profile.This offers further confirmation the cells can be actively infected by the virus and activate innate cellular defence mechanisms in an effort to help clear-out the virus.
This viral pandemic is predominately defined by respiratory symptoms, but there are also cardiac complications, including arrhythmia, heart failure and viral myocarditis, said study co-author Clive Svendsen.
While this could be the result of massive inflammation in response to the virus, our data suggest that the heart could also be directly affected by the virus in Covid-19, Svendsen added.
Researchers also found that treatment with an ACE2 antibody was able to blunt viral replication on stem cell-derived heart cells, suggesting that the ACE2 receptor could be used by SARS-CoV-2 to enter human heart muscle cells.
By blocking the ACE2 protein with an antibody, the virus is not as easily able to bind to the ACE2 protein, and thus cannot easily enter the cell, said Sharma. This not only helps us understand the mechanisms of how this virus functions, but also suggests therapeutic approaches that could be used as a potential treatment for SARS-CoV-2 infection, he explained.
The study used human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), a type of stem cell that is created in the lab from a persons blood or skin cells. IPSCs can make any cell type found in the body, each one carrying the DNA of the individual. This work illustrates the power of being able to study human tissue in a dish, the authors wrote.
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Coronavirus: WHO warns the worst is yet to come - WeForNews
Hitachi and ThinkCyte announce collaboration to develop an AI-driven cell analysis and sorting system – BioSpace
By daniellenierenberg
TOKYO, July 1, 2020 /PRNewswire/ --Hitachi, Ltd.(TSE: 6501, "Hitachi") and ThinkCyte, Inc. ("ThinkCyte") today announced that they have entered into a collaboration focused on developing an artificial intelligence (AI)-driven cell analysis and sorting system. Hitachi provides a broad range of solutions such as automated cell culture technologies to pharmaceutical companies in the value chain*1 of the regenerative medicine and cell therapy industry. Through the addition of this cell analysis and sorting system to the value chain, Hitachi continues contributing to cost reductions in the manufacturing of regenerative medicine and cell therapy products.Further, Hitachi and ThinkCyte are promoting collaboration with pharmaceutical companies and research institutes working in the field of regenerative medicine and cell therapy to expedite the development of the system toward commercialization.
The practical applications of regenerative medicine and cell therapy using cells for treatment have been expanding rapidly with the first regulatory approval of CAR-T*2 therapy for leukemia in 2017 in the United States and 2019 in Japan. The global market for regenerative medicine and cell therapy is expected to grow from US$ 5.9 billion (JPY 630 billion) in 2020 to US$ 35.4 billion (JPY 3.8 trillion) in 2025*3. In order to scale up treatment using regenerative medicine and cell therapy products, it is critical to ensure consistent selection and stable supply of high quality cells in large quantities and at a low costs.
Hitachi has been providing large-scale automated induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cell culture equipment, cell processing facilities (CPFs), manufacturing execution systems(MES), and biosafety cabinets among other products to pharmaceutical companies and research institutes, and has developed a value chain to meet a variety of customer needs in the regenerative medicine and cell therapy industry. Hitachi has also been carrying out collaborative research projects with universities, research institutes, and other companies to develop core technologies for pharmaceutical manufacturing instruments and in vitro diagnostic medical devices, prototyping for mass production, and working on manufacturing cost reduction and the development of stable and reliable instruments.
ThinkCyte has been performing research and development focused on high-throughput single cell analysis and sorting technology to precisely analyze and isolate target cells. While such single cell analysis and sorting technologies are vital to life science and medical research, it has been thought impossible to achieve high-throughput cell sorting based on high-content image information of every single cell. ThinkCyte has developed the world's first Ghost Cytometrytechnology to achieve high-throughput and high-content single cell sorting*4and has been conducting collaborative research projects with multiple pharmaceutical companies and research institutes to utilize this technology in life science and medical fields.
Hitachi and ThinkCyte have initiated a joint development of the AI-driven cell analysis and sorting system based on their respective technologies, expertise, and know-how. By combining ThinkCyte's high-throughput and high-content label-free single cell sorting technology and Hitachi's know-how and capability to producing stably operative instruments on a large scale, the two companies will together develop a novel reliable system to enable high-speed label-free cell isolation with high accuracy, which has been difficult to achieve with the existing cell sorting techniques, and to realize stable, low-cost and large-scale production of cells for regenerative medicine and cell therapy.
Hitachi and ThinkCyte will further advance partnerships with pharmaceutical companies and research institutes that have been developing and manufacturing regenerative medicines and cell therapy products in Japan and other countries where demand is expected to be significant, such as North America, in order to make this technology a platform for the production of regenerative medicines and cell therapy products. At the same time, taking advantage of the high-speed digital processing technologies cultivated through the development of information and communication technology by the Hitachi group, Hitachi will integrate this safe and highly reliable instrument in its value chain for regenerative medicine and contribute to the growth of the regenerative medicine and cell therapy industry.
Note:
*1. Cell manufacturing processes, including cultivation, selection, modification, preservation, product quality control, etc.
*2. Chimeric Antigen Receptor T cells that have been genetically engineered to produce an artificial T-cell receptor for use in immunotherapy.
*3. Division of Regenerative Medicine, Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development, The final report for market research on regenerative medicine and gene therapy (2020).
*4. S, Ota et al., Ghost Cytometry, Science, 360, 1246-1251 (2018).
About the AI-driven cell analysis and cell sorting technologyThinkCyte has developed high-throughput image-based cell sorting technology based on the Ghost Cytometry technology by integrating the principles of advanced imaging technology, machine learning, and microfluidics. By applying structured illumination to cell imaging, structural information of a single cell can be converted to one-dimensional waveforms for high-throughput data analysis. Based on the judgment of a machine-learning (AI) model developed using the waveform data, target cells are isolated in a microfluidic device with high throughput and with minimal damage to the cells.
This data analysis approach eliminates time-consuming image reconstruction processes and allows high-throughput image-based single cell sorting, enabling the discrimination of cells that were previously considered difficult to distinguish by the human eye. Conventional cell sorting methods rely on the use of labels such as cell surface markers for cell sorting; in contrast, ThinkCyte's technology can sort cells without such labels by employing this unique approach. In addition to the field of regenerative medicine and cell therapy, this technology can also revolutionize drug discovery and in vitrodiagnostics fields.
About Hitachi, Ltd.Hitachi, Ltd. (TSE: 6501), headquartered in Tokyo, Japan, is focused on its Social Innovation Business that combines information technology (IT), operational technology (OT) and products. The company's consolidated revenues for fiscal year 2019 (ended March 31, 2020) totaled 8,767.2 billion yen ($80.4 billion), and it employed approximately 301,000 people worldwide. Hitachi drives digital innovation across five sectors - Mobility, Smart Life, Industry, Energy and IT - through Lumada, Hitachi's advanced digital solutions, services, and technologies for turning data into insights to drive digital innovation. Its purpose is to deliver solutions that increase social, environmental and economic value for its customers. For more information on Hitachi, please visit the company's website at https://www.hitachi.com.
About ThinkCyte, Inc.ThinkCyte, headquartered in Tokyo, Japan, is a biotechnology company, which developsinnovative life science research, diagnostics,and treatmentsusingintegrated multidisciplinary technologies, founded in 2016. The company focuses on the research and development of drug discovery, cell therapy, and diagnostic platforms using its proprietary image-based high-throughput cell sorting technology In June 2019, the company was selected for J-Startup by the Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry of Japan. For more information on ThinkCyte, please visit the company's website at https://thinkcyte.com.
ContactsHitachi, Ltd.Analytical Systems Division, Healthcare Division, Smart Life Business Management Divisionhttps://www8.hitachi.co.jp/inquiry/healthcare/en/general/form.jsp
ThinkCyte, Inc.https://thinkcyte.com/contact
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Hitachi and ThinkCyte announce collaboration to develop an AI-driven cell analysis and sorting system - BioSpace
Coronavirus may infect heart cells of COVID-19 patients, scientists say – Outlook India
By daniellenierenberg
Los Angeles, Jul 1 (PTI) Researchers, including those of Indian-origin, have shown that the novel coronavirus can infect lab-grown cardiac muscle cells, indicating it may be possible for the virus to directly cause heart infection in COVID-19 patients.
The study, published in the journal Cell Reports Medicine, was based on experiments conducted in lab-grown heart muscle cells which were produced from unspecialised human stem cells.
"We not only uncovered that these stem cell-derived heart cells are susceptible to infection by novel coronavirus, but that the virus can also quickly divide within the heart muscle cells," said study co-author Arun Sharma from the Cedars-Sinai Board of Governors Regenerative Medicine Institute in the US.
"Even more significant, the infected heart cells showed changes in their ability to beat after 72 hours of infection," Sharma said.
Although many COVID-19 patients experience heart problems, the scientists said the reasons for these symptoms are not entirely clear.
They said pre-existing cardiac conditions, or inflammation and oxygen deprivation that result from the infection have all been implicated.
According to the scientists, there is only limited evidence available that the novel coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2, directly infects individual muscle cells of the heart.
The current study showed that SARS-CoV-2 can infect heart cells derived from human stem-cells and change how the genes in these cells helped make proteins.
Based on this observation, the scientists confirmed that human heart cells can be actively infected by the virus, activating innate cellular "defense mechanisms" in an effort to help clear out the virus.
Citing the limitations of the study, they said these findings are not a perfect replicate of what is happening in the human body since the research was carried out in lab-grown heart cells.
However, this knowledge may help investigators use stem cell-derived heart cells as a screening platform to identify new antiviral compounds that could alleviate viral infection of the heart, believes study co-author Clive Svendsen.
"This viral pandemic is predominately defined by respiratory symptoms, but there are also cardiac complications, including arrhythmias, heart failure and viral myocarditis," said Svendsen, director of the Regenerative Medicine Institute.
"While this could be the result of massive inflammation in response to the virus, our data suggest that the heart could also be directly affected by the virus in COVID-19," Svendsen said.
The scientists also found that treatment with an antibody protein could lock onto the human cell surface receptor ACE2 -- a known SARS-CoV-2 ''gateway'' into cells.
According to the researchers, the antibody treatment was able to blunt viral replication on the lab-grown heart cells, suggesting that the ACE2 receptor could be used by the virus to enter human heart muscle cells.
"By blocking the ACE2 protein with an antibody, the virus is not as easily able to bind to the ACE2 protein, and thus cannot easily enter the cell," Sharma said.
"This not only helps us understand the mechanisms of how this virus functions, but also suggests therapeutic approaches that could be used as a potential treatment for SARS-CoV-2 infection," he added.
In the study, the researchers also used human induced pluripotent stem cells, or iPSCs, which are a type of undifferentiated cells grown in the lab from a person''s blood or skin cells.
They said iPSCs can make any cell type found in the body, each one carrying the genetic material of the individual.
According to the scientists, tissue-specific cells created in this way are used for research, and for creating and testing potential disease treatments.
"It is plausible that direct infection of cardiac muscle cells may contribute to COVID-related heart disease," said Eduardo Marban, executive director of the Smidt Heart Institute in the US, and study co-author.
"This key experimental system could be useful to understand the differences in disease processes of related coronaviral pathogens, SARS and MERS," said Vaithilingaraja Arumugaswami, another co-author of the study from the University of California Los Angeles in the US. PTI VISVIS
Disclaimer :- This story has not been edited by Outlook staff and is auto-generated from news agency feeds. Source: PTI
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Coronavirus may infect heart cells of COVID-19 patients, scientists say - Outlook India