Doctors are hoping stem cell therapy could be a weapon in the fight against coronavirus. On Friday, regenerative medicine company Mesoblast announced a 300-person trial to determine whether stem cell treatments will work in COVID-19 patients suffering from severe lung inflammation.

One hospital in New York tried it as an experiment with 12 patients, 10 of whom were able to come off of ventilators.

"What we saw in the very first patient was that within four hours of getting the cells, a lot of her parameters started to get better," Dr. Karen Osman, who led the team at Mount Sinai, told CBS News' Adriana Diaz.

The doctor said she was encouraged by the results, though she was hesitant to link the stem cell procedure to her patients' recovery.

"We don't know" if the 10 people removed from ventilators would not have gotten had they not gotten the stem cells, she said. "And we would never dare to claim that it was related to the cells."

She explained that only a "randomized controlled trial" would be the only way "to make a true comparison."

Luis Naranjo, a 60-year-old COVID-19 survivor, was one of Mount Sinai's stem cell trial success stories. He told Diaz in Spanish that he was feeling "much better."

Naranjo's daughter, Paola, brought him to the emergency room, fearful she would not see her father again. Like so many families struck by the coronavirus, she was not allowed inside with him.

"I forgot to tell him that I love him," she said. "All I said was go inside, I hope you feel better."

During his hospital stay, Naranjo was unconscious and on a ventilator for 14 days.

Doctors proposed giving him stem cells from bone marrow in hopes it would suppress the severe lung inflammation caused by the virus.

Now, Naranjo credits the doctors who treated him for his survival. Though income from his family's jewelry business has been cut off and they found themselves falling behind on rent, Naranjo said he is focused primarily on his recovery and regaining the 25 pounds he lost at the hospital.

Although stem cell treatment, usually reserved for other diseases like rheumatoid arthritis, might end up being another step toward helping coronavirus patients recover, Dr. Osman was quick to say it would not be a "miracle treatment."

"The miracle treatment will be a vaccine," she said.

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Bone Marrow Stem Cells Comments Off on Doctors experiment with stem cell therapy on COVID-19 patients – KTVQ Billings News | April 25th, 2020

In some patients, COVID-19 has triggered a cytokine storm, an immune system response in which the body attacks its own cells. Jung painted a picture of a boxing match in which "fighter" immune cells are being called upon to battle the virus. This battle generates lots of fluid, waste and pus, making it difficult for the alveoli to pick up the oxygen a person breathes in, leading to multi-organ failure.

"These immune cells, neutrophils and other fighter immune cells, are like that. They don't care if it's a virus or our own cells. If you're infected, they're all enemies," Jung said. "So what they're going to do is they're going to start to kill everybody, basically."

Why exactly some people's immune systems go into overdrive, Jung said, is unknown, but he said it can happen to anybody.

"If we are up to the level where we can fight well without going into a coma or anything, then 14 days later, our body can provide an antibody," Jung said. "An antibody will neutralize this virus very quietly."

Strengthening the immune system

Eating certain foods can help keep your immune cells strong. Jung said vegetables, for example, stimulate the circulation of blood cells from bone marrow.

"Those bioactive reagents can support our immune systems by sending them the appropriate amount of stem cells, just in case some tissue cells are damaged and we need to replenish them. For example, if your lung cell has been damaged and they need to be replaced, that could be done by the stem cell that has been moved from the bone marrow and located around the lung area," said Jung, who encourages eating a variety of different colored vegetables.

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BCU biology professor offers tips to prevent COVID-19 infection - Sioux City Journal

Bone Marrow Stem Cells Comments Off on BCU biology professor offers tips to prevent COVID-19 infection – Sioux City Journal | April 25th, 2020

Wed, Apr 22, 2020 - 5:50 AM

PATIENTS from around the world have benefited from Parkway Cancer Centre's (PCC) comprehensive and holistic approach to treating haematological cancers, or cancers of the blood. The field of haematology covers a broad spectrum of blood disorders, with the World Health Organization estimating that there are as many as 72 types and sub-types of this form of cancer.

With one of the largest and most experienced teams of haematologists in Singapore - comprising three oncologists and one paediatric oncologist - PCC is able to offer specialised care for the management of a wide range of adult and childhood conditions, including leukaemia and lymphoma, among many others.

Significantly, this core group of haematologists is supported by dedicated transplant physicians, oncology and transplant nurses, transplant coordinators, counsellors and allied health professionals. The breadth of its resources allows PCC to adopt a holistic approach to care that enhances the patient journey and results in better healthcare outcomes.

Treatments provided by the haematology oncology team range from intensive chemotherapy, molecular targeted therapy and novel immunotherapy to stem cell transplantation. For each patient, the team devises a personalised treatment plan that aims to optimise clinical outcomes.

"In all diseases, especially cancers, it is important to be able to see patients as individuals in need of treatment that extends beyond specialised investigations and medications. This is best achieved by a multidisciplinary team approach that identifies the patient's medical and emotional needs, preferences and values," said Dr Colin Phipps Diong, Senior Consultant, Haematology Oncology at PCC.

"We are able to draw on the collective expertise of our multidisciplinary team and use our knowledge bank of experience gleaned from successfully treating some of the most challenging and complex cases. Being at the fore of medical advancements gives us the capability and confidence to provide our patients with current treatment options," he added.

A Pioneer in Bone Marrow Transplantation

Reflecting the depth of its expertise in this specialised field, PCC is the only private healthcare provider that offers a comprehensive adult and paediatric blood and bone marrow transplant programme. Indeed, the centre's haematology team performed the first bone marrow transplant in a private hospital setting in Singapore more than two decades ago.

Bone marrow transplantation, known formally as haematopoietic stem cell transplantation, is a specialised procedure which has proven to be effective in treating many types of cancers, as well as blood and autoimmune disorders such as leukaemia and lymphoma.

Since the 1950s, more than one million transplants have been performed globally, with the success of the procedure largely dependent on the skill and experience of the multidisciplinary transplant team. Transplant specialists at the PCC Haematology and Stem Cell Transplant Centre perform transplants from family members, unrelated donors, and cord blood, for a range of conditions, both non-malignant (thalassaemia, aplastic anaemia) and malignant (acute leukaemias, lymphoma, myeloma).

These specialists have extensive experience in bone marrow transplants in both adult and paediatric patients, having trained and worked at some of the leading transplant centres around the world.

Even though stem cell transplantation has been proven to save lives, there are still risks associated with the procedure. At PCC, these risks are clearly explained to the patients and caregivers before they consent to the procedure. "Complex treatment decisions are regularly discussed between the transplant physicians to formulate an optimal plan for our patients," explained Dr Diong.

The transplantation process involves several important stages: Conditioning where the patient receives chemotherapy and/or radiation to kill the diseased cells and to change the immune system; infusion of healthy stem cells into the body to replace the damaged cells; engraftment, when the transplanted stem cells begin to grow and produce healthy red and white blood cells and platelets over the course of two to four weeks; and post-transplant recovery where the "new" immune system matures and develops the ability to fight infections and blood cancer cells.

Looking ahead, PCC will continue to develop its expertise and services to stay ahead of the curve in treating haematological cancers. "We are always looking ahead. It is important that we build our team further to broaden our regional footprint and expand services to bring our patients access to cutting-edge science like CAR T-cell therapies," said Dr Diong.

"In this regard, we strive to develop services, infrastructure, and facilities that are internationally accredited together with our partners in Parkway. At the same time we will continue to work with all stakeholders to ensure that cost is manageable and more patients have access to our transplant services."

PCC's holistic philosophy

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A leader in treating haematological cancers - The Business Times

Bone Marrow Stem Cells Comments Off on A leader in treating haematological cancers – The Business Times | April 25th, 2020

The lungs are ground zero, but COVID-19 also tears through organ systems from brain to blood vessels.

Science's COVID-19 coverage is supported by the Pulitzer Center.

The coronavirus wreaked extensive damage (yellow) on the lungs of a 59-year-old man who died at George Washington University Hospital, as seen in a 3D model based on computed tomography scans.

On rounds in a 20-bed intensive care unit one recent day, physician Joshua Denson assessed two patients with seizures, many with respiratory failure, and others whose kidneys were on a dangerous downhill slide. Days earlier, his rounds had been interrupted as his team tried, and failed, to resuscitate a young woman whose heart had stopped. All of the patients shared one thing, says Denson, a pulmonary and critical care physician at the Tulane University School of Medicine. They are all COVID positive.

As the number of confirmed cases of COVID-19 approaches 2.5 million globally and deaths surpass 166,000, clinicians and pathologists are struggling to understand the damage wrought by the coronavirus as it tears through the body. They are realizing that although the lungs are ground zero, the virus' reach can extend to many organs including the heart and blood vessels, kidneys, gut, and brain.

[The disease] can attack almost anything in the body with devastating consequences, says cardiologist Harlan Krumholz of Yale University and Yale-New Haven Hospital, who is leading multiple efforts to gather clinical data on COVID-19. Its ferocity is breathtaking and humbling.

Understanding the rampage could help doctors on the front lines treat the roughly 5% of infected people who become desperately and sometimes mysteriously ill. Does a dangerous, newly observed tendency to blood clotting transform some mild cases into life-threatening emergencies? Is an overzealous immune response behind the worst cases, suggesting treatment with immune-suppressing drugs could help? And what explains the startlingly low blood oxygen that some physicians are reporting in patients who nonetheless are not gasping for breath? Taking a systems approach may be beneficial as we start thinking about therapies, says Nilam Mangalmurti, a pulmonary intensivist at the Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania (HUP).

What follows is a snapshot of the fast-evolving understanding of how the virus attacks cells around the body. Despite the more than 1500 papers now spilling into journals and onto preprint servers every week, a clear picture is elusive, as the virus acts like no pathogen humanity has ever seen. Without larger, controlled studies that are only now being launched, scientists must pull information from small studies and case reports, often published at warp speed and not yet peer reviewed. We need to keep a very open mind as this phenomenon goes forward, says Nancy Reau, a liver transplant physician who has been treating COVID-19 patients at Rush University Medical Center. We are still learning.

WHEN AN INFECTED PERSON expels virus-laden droplets and someone else inhales them, the novel coronavirus, called SARS-CoV-2, enters the nose and throat. It finds a welcome home in the lining of the nose, according to a recent arXiv preprint, because cells there are rich in a cell-surface receptor called angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2). Throughout the body, the presence of ACE2, which normally helps regulate blood pressure, marks tissues potentially vulnerable to infection, because the virus requires that receptor to enter a cell. Once inside, the virus hijacks the cell's machinery, making myriad copies of itself and invading new cells.

As the virus multiplies, an infected person may shed copious amounts of it, especially during the first week or so. Symptoms may be absent at this point. Or the virus' new victim may develop a fever, dry cough, sore throat, loss of smell and taste, or head and body aches.

If the immune system doesn't beat back SARS-CoV-2 during this initial phase, the virus then marches down the windpipe to attack the lungs, where it can turn deadly. The thinner, distant branches of the lung's respiratory tree end in tiny air sacs called alveoli, each lined by a single layer of cells that are also rich in ACE2 receptors.

Normally, oxygen crosses the alveoli into the capillaries, tiny blood vessels that lie beside the air sacs; the oxygen is then carried to the rest of the body. But as the immune system wars with the invader, the battle itself disrupts healthy oxygen transfer. Frontline white blood cells release inflammatory molecules called chemokines, which in turn summon more immune cells that target and kill virus-infected cells, leaving a stew of fluid and dead cellspusbehind (see graphic, below). This is the underlying pathology of pneumonia, with its corresponding symptoms: coughing; fever; and rapid, shallow respiration. Some COVID-19 patients recover, sometimes with no more support than oxygen breathed in through nasal prongs.

But others deteriorate, often suddenly, developing a condition called acute respiratory distress syndrome. Oxygen levels in their blood plummet, and they struggle ever harder to breathe. On x-rays and computed tomography scans, their lungs are riddled with white opacities where black spaceairshould be. Commonly, these patients end up on ventilators. Many die, and survivors may face long-term complications (see sidebar, p. 359). Autopsies show their alveoli became stuffed with fluid, white blood cells, mucus, and the detritus of destroyed lung cells.

Some clinicians suspect the driving force in many gravely ill patients' downhill trajectories is a disastrous overreaction of the immune system known as a cytokine storm, which other viral infections are known to trigger. Cytokines are chemical signaling molecules that guide a healthy immune response; but in a cytokine storm, levels of certain cytokines soar far beyond what's needed, and immune cells start to attack healthy tissues. Blood vessels leak, blood pressure drops, clots form, and catastrophic organ failure can ensue.

Some studies have shown elevated levels of these inflammation-inducing cytokines in the blood of hospitalized COVID-19 patients. The real morbidity and mortality of this disease is probably driven by this out of proportion inflammatory response to the virus, says Jamie Garfield, a pulmonologist who cares for COVID-19 patients at Temple University Hospital.

But others aren't convinced. There seems to have been a quick move to associate COVID-19 with these hyperinflammatory states. I haven't really seen convincing data that that is the case, says Joseph Levitt, a pulmonary critical care physician at the Stanford University School of Medicine.

He's also worried that efforts to dampen a cytokine response could backfire. Several drugs targeting specific cytokines are in clinical trials in COVID-19 patients. But Levitt fears those drugs may suppress the immune response that the body needs to fight off the virus. There's a real risk that we allow more viral replication, Levitt says.

Meanwhile, other scientists are zeroing in on an entirely different organ system that they say is driving some patients' rapid deterioration: the heart and blood vessels.

IN BRESCIA, ITALY, a 53-year-old woman walked into the emergency room of her local hospital with all the classic symptoms of a heart attack, including telltale signs in her electrocardiogram and high levels of a blood marker suggesting damaged cardiac muscles. Further tests showed cardiac swelling and scarring, and a left ventriclenormally the powerhouse chamber of the heartso weak that it could only pump one-third its normal amount of blood. But when doctors injected dye in her coronary arteries, looking for the blockage that signifies a heart attack, they found none. Another test revealed the real cause: COVID-19.

How the virus attacks the heart and blood vessels is a mystery, but dozens of preprints and papers attest that such damage is common. A 25 March paper in JAMA Cardiology found heart damage in nearly 20% of patients out of 416 hospitalized for COVID-19 in Wuhan, China. In another Wuhan study, 44% of 36 patients admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) had arrhythmias.

The disruption seems to extend to the blood itself. Among 184 COVID-19 patients in a Dutch ICU, 38% had blood that clotted abnormally, and almost one-third already had clots, according to a 10 April paper in Thrombosis Research. Blood clots can break apart and land in the lungs, blocking vital arteriesa condition known as pulmonary embolism, which has reportedly killed COVID-19 patients. Clots from arteries can also lodge in the brain, causing stroke. Many patients have dramatically high levels of D-dimer, a byproduct of blood clots, says Behnood Bikdeli, a cardiovascular medicine fellow at Columbia University Medical Center.

The more we look, the more likely it becomes that blood clots are a major player in the disease severity and mortality from COVID-19, Bikdeli says.

Infection may also lead to blood vessel constriction. Reports are emerging of ischemia in the fingers and toesa reduction in blood flow that can lead to swollen, painful digits and tissue death.

In the lungs, blood vessel constriction might help explain anecdotal reports of a perplexing phenomenon seen in pneumonia caused by COVID-19: Some patients have extremely low blood-oxygen levels and yet are not gasping for breath. In this scenario, oxygen uptake is impeded by constricted blood vessels rather than by clogged alveoli. One theory is that the virus affects the vascular biology and that's why we see these really low oxygen levels, Levitt says.

If COVID-19 targets blood vessels, that could also help explain why patients with pre-existing damage to those vessels, for example from diabetes and high blood pressure, face higher risk of serious disease. Recent Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) data on hospitalized patients in 14 U.S. states found that about one-third had chronic lung diseasebut nearly as many had diabetes, and fully half had pre-existing high blood pressure.

Mangalmurti says she has been shocked by the fact that we don't have a huge number of asthmatics or patients with other respiratory diseases in her hospital's ICU. It's very striking to us that risk factors seem to be vascular: diabetes, obesity, age, hypertension.

Scientists are struggling to understand exactly what causes the cardiovascular damage. The virus may directly attack the lining of the heart and blood vessels, which, like the nose and alveoli, are rich in ACE2 receptors. By altering the delicate balance of hormones that help regulate blood pressure, the virus might constrict blood vessels going to the lungs. Another possibility is that lack of oxygen, due to the chaos in the lungs, damages blood vessels. Or a cytokine storm could ravage the heart as it does other organs.

We're still at the beginning, Krumholz says. We really don't understand who is vulnerable, why some people are affected so severely, why it comes on so rapidly and why it is so hard [for some] to recover.

THE WORLDWIDE FEARS of ventilator shortages for failing lungs have received plenty of attention. Not so a scramble for another type of equipment: kidney dialysis machines. If these folks are not dying of lung failure, they're dying of renal failure, says neurologist Jennifer Frontera of New York University's Langone Medical Center, which has treated thousands of COVID-19 patients. Her hospital is developing a dialysis protocol with a different kind of machine to support more patients. What she and her colleagues are seeing suggests the virus may target the kidneys, which are abundantly endowed with ACE2 receptors.

According to one preprint, 27% of 85 hospitalized patients in Wuhan had kidney failure. Another preprint reported that 59% of nearly 200 hospitalized COVID-19 patients in China's Hubei and Sichuan provinces had protein in their urine, and 44% had blood; both suggest kidney damage. Those with acute kidney injury were more than five times as likely to die as COVID-19 patients without it, that preprint reported.

The lung is the primary battle zone. But a fraction of the virus possibly attacks the kidney. And as on the real battlefield, if two places are being attacked at the same time, each place gets worse, says co-author Hongbo Jia, a neuroscientist at the Chinese Academy of Sciences's Suzhou Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Technology.

One study identified viral particles in electron micrographs of kidneys from autopsies, suggesting a direct viral attack. But kidney injury may also be collateral damage. Ventilators boost the risk of kidney damage, as do antiviral compounds including remdesivir, which is being deployed experimentally in COVID-19 patients. Cytokine storms can also dramatically reduce blood flow to the kidney, causing often-fatal damage. And pre-existing diseases like diabetes can increase the chances of kidney injury. There is a whole bucket of people who already have some chronic kidney disease who are at higher risk for acute kidney injury, says Suzanne Watnick, chief medical officer at Northwest Kidney Centers.

ANOTHER STRIKING SET of symptoms in COVID-19 patients centers on the brain and nervous system. Frontera says 5% to 10% of coronavirus patients at her hospital have neurological symptoms. But she says that is probably a gross underestimate of the number whose brains are struggling, especially because many are sedated and on ventilators.

Frontera has seen patients with the brain inflammation encephalitis, seizures, and a sympathetic storm, a hyperreaction of the sympathetic nervous system that causes seizurelike symptoms and is most common after a traumatic brain injury. Some people with COVID-19 briefly lose consciousness. Others have strokes. Many report losing their sense of smell and taste. And Frontera and others wonder whether, in some cases, infection depresses the brain stem reflex that senses oxygen starvationanother explanation for anecdotal observations that some patients aren't gasping for air, despite dangerously low blood oxygen levels.

ACE2 receptors are present in the neural cortex and brain stem, says Robert Stevens, an intensive care physician at Johns Hopkins Medicine. And the coronavirus behind the 2003 severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) epidemica close cousin of today's culpritwas able to infiltrate neurons and sometimes caused encephalitis. On 3 April, a case study in the International Journal of Infectious Diseases, from a team in Japan, reported traces of new coronavirus in the cerebrospinal fluid of a COVID-19 patient who developed meningitis and encephalitis, suggesting it, too, can penetrate the central nervous system.

But other factors could be damaging the brain. For example, a cytokine storm could cause brain swelling. The blood's exaggerated tendency to clot could trigger strokes. The challenge now is to shift from conjecture to confidence, at a time when staff are focused on saving lives, and even neurologic assessments like inducing the gag reflex or transporting patients for brain scans risk spreading the virus.

Last month, Sherry Chou, a neurologist at the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, began to organize a worldwide consortium that now includes 50 centers to draw neurological data from care patients already receive. Early goals are simple: Identify the prevalence of neurologic complications in hospitalized patients and document how they fare. Longer term, Chou and her colleagues hope to gather scans and data from lab tests to better understand the virus' impact on the nervous system, including the brain.

No one knows when or how the virus might penetrate the brain. But Chou speculates about a possible invasion route: through the nose, then upward and through the olfactory bulbexplaining reports of a loss of smellwhich connects to the brain. It's a nice sounding theory, she says. We really have to go and prove that.

A 58-year-old woman with COVID-19 developed encephalitis, with tissue damage in the brain (arrows).

Most neurological symptoms are reported from colleague to colleague by word of mouth, Chou adds. I don't think anybody, and certainly not me, can say we're experts.

IN EARLY MARCH, a 71-year-old Michigan woman returned from a Nile River cruise with bloody diarrhea, vomiting, and abdominal pain. Initially doctors suspected she had a common stomach bug, such as Salmonella. But after she developed a cough, doctors took a nasal swab and found her positive for the novel coronavirus. A stool sample positive for viral RNA, as well as signs of colon injury seen in an endoscopy, pointed to a gastrointestinal (GI) infection with the coronavirus, according to a paper posted online in The American Journal of Gastroenterology (AJG).

Her case adds to a growing body of evidence suggesting the new coronavirus, like its cousin SARS, can infect the lining of the lower digestive tract, where ACE2 receptors are abundant. Viral RNA has been found in as many as 53% of sampled patients' stool samples. And in a paper in press at Gastroenterology, a Chinese team reported finding the virus' protein shell in gastric, duodenal, and rectal cells in biopsies from a COVID-19 patient. I think it probably does replicate in the gastrointestinal tract, says Mary Estes, a virologist at Baylor College of Medicine.

Recent reports suggest up to half of patients, averaging about 20% across studies, experience diarrhea, says Brennan Spiegel of Cedars-Sinai Medical Center in Los Angeles, coeditor-in-chief of AJG. GI symptoms aren't on CDC's list of COVID-19 symptoms, which could cause some COVID-19 cases to go undetected, Spiegel and others say. If you mainly have fever and diarrhea, you won't be tested for COVID, says Douglas Corley of Kaiser Permanente, Northern California, co-editor of Gastroenterology.

The presence of virus in the GI tract raises the unsettling possibility that it could be passed on through feces. But it's not yet clear whether stool contains intact, infectious virus, or only RNA and proteins. To date, We have no evidence that fecal transmission is important, says coronavirus expert Stanley Perlman of the University of Iowa. CDC says that, based on experiences with SARS and with the coronavirus that causes Middle East respiratory syndrome, the risk from fecal transmission is probably low.

The intestines are not the end of the disease's march through the body. For example, up to one-third of hospitalized patients develop conjunctivitispink, watery eyesalthough it's not clear that the virus directly invades the eye.

Other reports suggest liver damage: More than half of COVID-19 patients hospitalized in two Chinese centers had elevated levels of enzymes indicating injury to the liver or bile ducts. But several experts told Science that direct viral invasion isn't likely the culprit. They say other events in a failing body, like drugs or an immune system in overdrive, are more likely causes of the liver damage.

This map of the devastation that COVID-19 can inflict on the body is still just a sketch. It will take years of painstaking research to sharpen the picture of its reach, and the cascade of effects in the body's complex and interconnected systems that it might set in motion. As science races ahead, from probing tissues under microscopes to testing drugs on patients, the hope is for treatments more wily than the virus that has stopped the world in its tracks.

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A rampage through the body - Science Magazine

Cardiac Stem Cells Comments Off on A rampage through the body – Science Magazine | April 25th, 2020

Dispositiu per a realitzar registres electrofisiolgics amb les llums LED incorporades per lus doptogentica.

Equip investigador.

Researchers from Lund University (Sweeden) and the Institute of Neurosciences of the University of Barcelona (UBNeuro) have recovered, through cell therapy, the mobility and sensibility of mice that suffered a cardiovascular accident. The results of this study were published in the journal Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS).

Researchers used an ischemic model of ictus in mice to which they transferred stem cells obtained from the skin of a healthy human donor. The cells were reprogramed to become neuronal progenitors of the damaged area of the brain, specifically the brain cortex. Six months after the transplant, researchers could observe how the new cells had repaired the damage that was caused by the cerebrovascular injury. In addition, the sensor and motor problems resulting from the stroke had been reversed as well.

We observed that the fibers of the cells that were put in the cortical area grew and created connections in brain areas that are far from the transplant area, notes Daniel Tornero, researcher in the Laboratory of Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine in UBNeuro. To identify the transplanted cells, researches used different techniques that enable the monitoring so as to prove the connection in damaged circuits is right. Although there is a lot of work to do -the researcher adds-, the study sheds light on the possibility of replacing the damaged cells for new healthy cells in patients with ictus.

This is the last study of a series of three articles in which the researchers used cell therapy to work on brain healing. Previous studies showed it is possible to transplant nervous cells derived from human stem cells or reprogrammed cells in the brain of mice affected by cardiovascular injuries. However, researchers did not know whether the transformed cells could create new connections in the mice brains and restore the movement and feelings of touch.

The next step is to understand how the transplant affects intellectual functions such as memory, and the potential adverse effects, concludes Tornero.

Article reference:

S. Palma-Tortosa, D. l Tornero, M. Grnning Hansen, E. Monni, M. Hajy, S. Kartsivadze, S. Aktay, O. Tsupykov, M. Parmar, K. Deisseroth, G. Skibo, O. Lindvall, y Z. Kokaia. Activity in grafted human iPS cellderived corticalneurons integrated in stroke-injured rat brain regulatesmotor behavior. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS). Doi: doi: 10.1073/pnas.2000690117

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Researchers use cell therapy to recover damaged brain areas in mice that suffered - Mirage News

Skin Stem Cells Comments Off on Researchers use cell therapy to recover damaged brain areas in mice that suffered – Mirage News | April 25th, 2020

Using induced pluripotent stem cells produced from the skin of a patient with a rare, genetic form of insulin-dependent diabetes calledWolfram syndrome, researchers transformed the human stem cells into insulin-producing cells and used the gene-editing tool CRISPR-Cas9 to correct a genetic defect that had caused the syndrome. They then implanted the cells into lab mice and cured the unrelenting diabetes in those mice.

The findings, from researchers at Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, suggest the CRISPR-Cas9 technique may hold promise as a treatment for diabetes, particularly the forms caused by a single gene mutation, and it also may be useful one day in some patients with the more common forms of diabetes, such as type 1 and type 2.

The study is published online April 22 in the journal Science Translational Medicine.

Patients with Wolfram syndrome develop diabetes during childhood or adolescence and quickly require insulin-replacement therapy, requiring insulin injections multiple times each day. Most go on to develop problems with vision and balance, as well as other issues, and in many patients, the syndrome contributes to an early death.

This is the first time CRISPR has been used to fix a patients diabetes-causing genetic defect and successfully reverse diabetes, said co-senior investigatorJeffrey R. Millman, PhD, an assistant professor of medicine and of biomedical engineering at Washington University. For this study, we used cells from a patient with Wolfram syndrome because, conceptually, we knew it would be easier to correct a defect caused by a single gene. But we see this as a stepping stone toward applying gene therapy to a broader population of patients with diabetes.

Wolfram syndrome is caused by mutations to a single gene, providing the researchers an opportunity to determine whether combining stem cell technology with CRISPR to correct the genetic error also might correct the diabetes caused by the mutation.

A few years ago, Millman and his colleagues discovered how to convert human stem cells into pancreatic beta cells. When such cells encounter blood sugar, they secrete insulin. Recently, those same researchers developed a new technique to more efficiently convert human stem cells into beta cells that are considerably better at controlling blood sugar.

In this study, they took the additional steps of deriving these cells from patients and using the CRISPR-Cas9 gene-editing tool on those cells to correct a mutation to the gene that causes Wolfram syndrome (WFS1). Then, the researchers compared the gene-edited cells to insulin-secreting beta cells from the same batch of stem cells that had not undergone editing with CRISPR.

In the test tube and in mice with a severe form of diabetes, the newly grown beta cells that were edited with CRISPR more efficiently secreted insulin in response to glucose. Diabetes disappeared quickly in mice with the CRISPR-edited cells implanted beneath the skin, and the animals blood sugar levels remained in normal range for the entire six months they were monitored. Animals receiving unedited beta cells remained diabetic. Their newly implanted beta cells could produce insulin, just not enough to reverse their diabetes.

We basically were able to use these cells to cure the problem, making normal beta cells by correcting this mutation, said co-senior investigatorFumihiko Urano, MD, PhD, the Samuel E. Schechter Professor of Medicine and a professor of pathology and immunology. Its a proof of concept demonstrating that correcting gene defects that cause or contribute to diabetes in this case, in the Wolfram syndrome gene we can make beta cells that more effectively control blood sugar. Its also possible that by correcting the genetic defects in these cells, we may correct other problems Wolfram syndrome patients experience, such as visual impairment and neurodegeneration.

In the future, using CRISPR to correct certain mutations in beta cells may help patients whose diabetes is the result of multiple genetic and environmental factors, such as type 1, caused by an autoimmune process that destroys beta cells, and type 2, which is closely linked to obesity and a systemic process called insulin resistance.

Were excited about the fact that we were able to combine these two technologies growing beta cells from induced pluripotent stem cells and using CRISPR to correct genetic defects, Millman said. In fact, we found that corrected beta cells were indistinguishable from beta cells made from the stem cells of healthy people without diabetes.

Moving forward, the process of making beta cells from stem cells should get easier, the researchers said. For example, the scientists have developed less intrusive methods, making induced pluripotent stem cells from blood and they are working on developing stem cells from urine samples.

In the future, Urano said, we may be able to take a few milliliters of urine from a patient, make stem cells that we then can grow into beta cells, correct mutations in those cells with CRISPR, transplant them back into the patient, and cure their diabetes in our clinic. Genetic testing in patients with diabetes will guide us to identify genes that should be corrected, which will lead to a personalized regenerative gene therapy.

Reference:

This article has been republished from the following materials. Note: material may have been edited for length and content. For further information, please contact the cited source.

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Diabetes Reversed in Mice With CRISPR-Edited Stem Cells From Patients - Technology Networks

Skin Stem Cells Comments Off on Diabetes Reversed in Mice With CRISPR-Edited Stem Cells From Patients – Technology Networks | April 24th, 2020

Induced pluripotent stem cells made to produce insulin and CRISPR, used to correct a genetic defect, cured Wolfram syndrome in mice.

Using induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) produced from the skin of a patient with a rare, genetic form of insulin-dependent diabetes called Wolfram syndrome, researchers transformed the human stem cells into insulin-producing cells and used CRISPR-Cas9 to correct a genetic defect that had caused the syndrome. They then implanted the cells into lab mice and cured the unrelenting diabetes in those models.

The findings, from researchers at Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, US, suggest this CRISPR-Cas9 technique may hold promise as a treatment for diabetes, particularly the forms caused by a single gene mutation and it also may be useful one day in some patients with the more common forms of diabetes, such as type 1 and type 2.

This is the first time CRISPR has been used to fix a patients diabetes-causing genetic defect and successfully reverse diabetes, said co-senior investigator Dr Jeffrey Millman, an assistant professor of medicine and of biomedical engineering at Washington University. For this study, we used cells from a patient with Wolfram syndrome because, conceptually, we knew it would be easier to correct a defect caused by a single gene. But we see this as a stepping stone toward applying gene therapy to a broader population of patients with diabetes.

Wolfram syndrome is caused by mutations to a single gene, providing the researchers an opportunity to determine whether combining stem cell technology with CRISPR to correct the genetic error also might correct the diabetes caused by the mutation.

Researchers at Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis have transformed stem cells into insulin-producing cells. They used the CRISPR gene-editing tool to correct a defect that caused a form of diabetes, and implanted the cells into mice to reverse diabetes in the animals. Shown is a microscopic image of insulin-secreting beta cells (insulin is green) that were made from stem cells produced from the skin of a patient with Wolfram syndrome [credit: Millman lab Washington University].

Millman and his colleagues had previously discovered how to convert human stem cells into pancreatic beta cells. When such cells encounter blood sugar, they secrete insulin. Recently, these researchers developed a new technique to more efficiently convert human stem cells into beta cells that are considerably better at controlling blood sugar.

In this study, they took the additional steps of deriving these cells from patients and using the CRISPR-Cas9 gene-editing tool on those cells to correct a mutation to the gene that causes Wolfram syndrome (WFS1). Then, the researchers compared the gene-edited cells to insulin-secreting beta cells from the same batch of stem cells that had not undergone editing with CRISPR.

In the test tube and in mice with a severe form of diabetes, the newly grown beta cells that were edited with CRISPR more efficiently secreted insulin in response to glucose. Diabetes disappeared in mice with the CRISPR-edited cells implanted beneath the skin and the animals blood sugar levels remained in normal range for the entire six months they were monitored. Animals receiving unedited beta cells remained diabetic. Although their newly implanted beta cells could produce insulin, it was not enough to reverse their diabetes.

We basically were able to use these cells to cure the problem, making normal beta cells by correcting this mutation, said co-senior investigator Dr Fumihiko Urano, the Samuel E. Schechter Professor of Medicine and a professor of pathology and immunology. Its a proof of concept demonstrating that correcting gene defects that cause or contribute to diabetes in this case, in the Wolfram syndrome gene we can make beta cells that more effectively control blood sugar. Its also possible that by correcting the genetic defects in these cells, we may correct other problems Wolfram syndrome patients experience, such as visual impairment and neurodegeneration.

Were excited about the fact that we were able to combine these two technologies growing beta cells from induced pluripotent stem cells and using CRISPR to correct genetic defects, Millman said. In fact, we found that corrected beta cells were indistinguishable from beta cells made from the stem cells of healthy people without diabetes.

Moving forward, the process of making beta cells from stem cells should get easier, the researchers said. For example, the scientists have developed less intrusive methods, making iPSCs from blood and they are working on developing stem cells from urine samples.

The study is published in Science Translational Medicine.

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Induced pluripotent stem cells and CRISPR reversed diabetes in mice - Drug Target Review

Skin Stem Cells Comments Off on Induced pluripotent stem cells and CRISPR reversed diabetes in mice – Drug Target Review | April 24th, 2020

Most breast cancers utilize the female hormone estrogen to grow, so drug-induced estrogen deprivation is used as a treatment in many patients. However, cancer will recur in one-third of these patients. A research team at Dartmouths and Dartmouth-Hitchcocks Norris Cotton Cancer Center, led by Todd W. Miller, PhD, is trying to understand why dormant breast cancer cells survive despite being starved of estrogen. The team discovered that an anti-diabetes drug, metformin, which is being tested in many clinical trials as an anti-cancer agent, actually activated fat metabolism that protected dormant breast cancer cells during estrogen deprivation. The findings suggest that the drug has context-dependent effects on cancer cells. The results, entitled AMPK activation by metformin promotes survival of dormant ER+ breast cancer cells, are newly published online inClinical Cancer Research, a journal of the American Association for Cancer Research.

Knowledge that metformin has context-dependent effects on cancer cells will inform a better understanding of ongoing and prior clinical trials testing metformin, and help shape the design of trials moving forward. Our study indicates that the development of drugs targeting fat metabolism is warranted for breast cancer. Most excitingly, anti-angina drugs that block fat metabolism may be quickly repurposed as potential treatments for cancer and tested in clinical trials, says Miller.

Next steps include clinical trials testing drugs that block fat metabolism in breast cancer. Were also designing preclinical studies to further dissect the roles of fat metabolism in breast and other cancers, with the goal of identifying more refined therapeutic targets that will selectively kill cancer cells and not harm healthy cells, notes Miller.

Reference:Hampsch, et al. (2020) AMPK activation by metformin promotes survival of dormant ER+ breast cancer cells. Clinical Cancer Research DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-20-0269.

This article has been republished from the following materials. Note: material may have been edited for length and content. For further information, please contact the cited source.

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Team Reveal Key to the Survival of Dormant Breast Cancer Cells - Technology Networks

Skin Stem Cells Comments Off on Team Reveal Key to the Survival of Dormant Breast Cancer Cells – Technology Networks | April 24th, 2020

Good morning,

Crucial data gaps are hurting Canadas ability to fight the COVID-19 pandemic, leaving Canadians in the dark about who is being infected or struggling with the devastated economy.

Canada has a long-standing problem of information gaps, The Globe and Mail found in a year-long series, and that has left us vulnerable during public health crises before. But now, these blind spots could blunt the federal economic rescue effort, hide inequities in deaths from the disease and slow our emergence from self-isolation in the months ahead.

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Father Victor Fernandes puts on personal protection equipment prior to visiting with a patient in the COVID-19 intensive care unit at St. Paul's hospital in downtown Vancouver on April 21, 2020.

JONATHAN HAYWARD/The Canadian Press

This is the daily Morning Update newsletter. If youre reading this on the web, or it was forwarded to you from someone else, you can sign up for Morning Update and more than 20 more Globe newsletters on our newsletter signup page.

Nova Scotia shooting: Premier Stephen McNeil is urging his mourning province to help investigators unravel questions around a gunmans weekend rampage. A new tip line was created specifically for the killings. He acknowledged there is anger over the RCMPs decision not to use the provincial emergency alert system during the 12-hour manhunt, but he asked people to be patient, and wait for answers.

New details are emerging about the chaos that ensued as police tried to capture the killer disguised as an RCMP officer. Audio recordings of first responders communicating on two-way radios provide a glimpse of frantic attempts to help the first victims in the village of Portapique.

A couple pays their respects at a memorial in Portapique, N.S., on April 22, 2020.

Andrew Vaughan/The Canadian Press

Economy: Saskatchewan has laid out a detailed, comprehensive plan to reopen its economy, and is the first province in the country to do so. On May 4, the five phases will begin, opening non-essential medical procedures, and the reopening of provincial parks, campgrounds and golf courses.

In Quebec, Premier Franois Legault is preparing to lay the groundwork next week for a plan to gradually restart the provinces economy and get children back to school.

Rent: Ottawa is proposing to offer commercial rent relief, in the form of loans for landlords of small and medium-sized businesses, that would cover up to 75 per cent of tenants payments for three months, according to sources familiar with the negotiations.

When it comes to investment properties, small landlords across Canada might not qualify for government assistance and are scrambling to figure out how to accommodate rent reductions while making their mortgage payments.

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World news:

Researchers at the University of Oxford are racing to develop a vaccine for COVID-19 and plan to make a million doses of it this summer. The team has been working since January, and clinical trials involving more than 500 volunteers began yesterday. The testing is expected to take several months, but the researchers have already teamed up with manufacturers globally to produce the doses September and millions more by the end of the year. The Globes Paul Waldie reports.

An aerial view of people queuing outside a bank in downtown Quito, Ecuador, on April 22, 2020.

RODRIGO BUENDIA/AFP/Getty Images

Got a news tip that youd like us to look into? E-mail us at tips@globeandmail.com Need to share documents securely? Reach out via SecureDrop

Scheer, Tories refrain from criticizing MP accused of racist comments: People of Asian descent have faced a spike in hate crimes and slurs since the COVID-19 pandemic began in China last year and experts say the comments from an elected official give licence for the attacks to continue.

Child protection organizations seeing significant uptick in predators: In dark-web forums, sexual predators are increasingly discussing the COVID-19 pandemic as an opportunity to exploit children online as they spend more time out of school and on the internet.

Ontarios Serious Fraud Office investigates Bondfield: A special unit of Ontario police officers and prosecutors launched the investigation in 2019, looking into allegations of wrongdoing by a major builder of hospitals, transit stations and other public infrastructure across the province.

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Parents of teen girls killed by Paul Bernardo seek to obtain his file with the parole board: The two families filed for judicial review this month after their requests for the documents under access to information legislation were denied.

MPs seek to overcome hurdle in getting WHO adviser to testify: A parliamentary committee scrutinizing the response to the pandemic is working to get key World Health Organization adviser Bruce Aylward to testify. The WHOs legal counsel has said that Dr. Aylward cannot testify unless he receives authorization from WHO Director-General Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus.

World stocks fall on worries over EU stimulus details, coronavirus drug: Global shares fell on Friday, spurred by delays to an agreement on divisive details of the European Unions stimulus package and doubts about progress in the development of drugs to treat COVID-19. In Europe, Britains FTSE 100 was down 0.93 per cent around 6 a.m. ET. Germanys DAX and Frances CAC 40 fell 1.07 per cent and 1.03 per cent, respectively. In Asia, Japans Nikkei fell 0.86 per cent. Hong Kongs Hang Seng fell 0.61 per cent. New York futures were flat. The Canadian dollar was trading at 71.05 U.S. cents.

Canada must protect itself from Americas response to COVID-19

Robyn Urback: It is not implausible that Mr. Trump would retaliate in some sort of petty but potentially grave economic way on supply lines for essential goods, for example if Canada refuses to lift restrictions on non-essential travel if and when the President decides that time is up.

This Ramadan, in solitude, will be more meaningful than ever

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Fatima Al Fahim: But the pandemic need not dampen Ramadan spirits. Physical distancing gives us a reminder of the true meaning of the holy month.

The world has a big China problem now

Campbell Clark: We dont know precisely what happened in China in the early days of COVID-19, but we know some whistle-blowers were stifled and, for whatever reason, officials waited for days to tell the world after learning they faced a serious epidemic.

By Brian Gable

Brian Gable/The Globe and Mail

What you really need is a room edit, not a reno

Especially while in isolation, you may be looking for curatorial guidance, but are keen to avoid the expense of a full interiors overhaul. Some people would rather rip out a wall or buy a bigger house, when all it often takes is reimaging and reworking what you already have, says Joanna Teplin, the Nashville co-founder of the Home Edit. If you want to remodel, read about how you might be able to make the change with what you already have.

Snuppy, right, the first male dog cloned from adult cells by somatic nuclear cell transfer, and the male Afghan hound from which an adult skin cell was taken to clone Snuppy, are seen in this handout photo released in Seoul on Aug. 3, 2005.

Seoul National University via Reuters

Snuppy worlds first cloned dog is born

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If he were born today, Snuppy would be dubbed, in internet lingo, a very good pupper or an excellent doggo. Instead, Snuppy, the first successful clone of a dog, had to settle for merely being hailed as a breakthrough in biotechnology. A team of 45 South Korean researchers, led by stem-cell researcher Hwang Woo-suk, produced the pup using a process called somatic cell nuclear transfer with a cell from the ear of a male Afghan dog, Tai. Snuppy was named for Seoul National University (SNU) and puppy. While other mammals had been cloned successfully starting with Dolly the sheep in 1996 cloning mans best friend proved more challenging. The achievement suggested that, given time and expertise, almost any mammal could be reproduced. Defying concerns that clones would be rife with ailments, Snuppy was generally healthy. He fathered 10 pups by artificial insemination and produced, by stem-cell clone, a litter with three surviving pups. Snuppy died of cancer, a common fate in dogs, just days after his 10th birthday in 2015. Jessie Willms

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Morning Update: Canadas data gaps are hurting our ability to fight the pandemic - The Globe and Mail

Skin Stem Cells Comments Off on Morning Update: Canadas data gaps are hurting our ability to fight the pandemic – The Globe and Mail | April 24th, 2020

Findings confirmed that patient-specific autologous dendritic cell vaccines (DCV) induced a different immune response associated with longer survival than autologous tumor cell vaccines (TCV)

IRVINE, Calif.--(BUSINESS WIRE)-- AIVITA Biomedical, Inc., a biotechnology company specializing in innovative cell therapy applications, announced today the publication of a paper titled, Cytokine network analysis of immune responses before and after autologous dendritic cell and tumor cell vaccine immunotherapies in a randomized trial, in the Journal of Translational Medicine. Robert O. Dillman, M.D., chief medical officer at AIVITA, and Gabriel I Nistor, M.D., chief scientific officer at AIVITA, authored the article.

The publication provides insight into the innate and adaptive immune responses induced by patient-specific autologous dendritic cell vaccines (DCV) and autologous tumor cell vaccines (TCV), and their impact on survival. DCV was associated with a multipronged innate and adaptive immune response and correlated with improved survival compared to TCV.

In a randomized Phase 2 trial conducted in patients with melanoma, blood samples were obtained at one week before and one week after a course of three weekly injections, which either included dendritic cells loaded ex vivo with antigens from autologous irradiated tumor-initiating cells (DCV), or autologous irradiated tumor-initiating cells alone (TCV). Cytokine network analysis techniques used to analyze the serologic immune responses generated by each immunotherapy confirmed they triggered differing responses. The results help provide insight into a potential underlying immunologic mechanism of action that contributes to improved survival in DCV-treated patients.

This analysis reinforces conclusions from our patient-specific cancer vaccine survival data, which suggested that ex-vivo processing of the same tumor antigens by autologous dendritic cells induces a more advantageous immune response than antigen-only based tumor cell vaccines, said Dr. Nistor. This is reassuring as we continue to further optimize our unique approach in which we use enhanced autologous dendritic cells for targeting each patients own tumor.

AIVITA is currently conducting three independent clinical studies investigating its platform immunotherapy in patients with ovarian cancer, glioblastoma and melanoma. AIVITA uses 100% of proceeds from the sale of its ROOT of SKIN skincare line to support the development of its cancer therapeutic pipeline.

About AIVITAS Clinical Trials

OVARIAN CANCER

AIVITAs ovarian Phase 2 double-blind study is active and enrolling approximately 99 patients who are being randomized in a 2:1 ratio to receive either the autologous tumor-initiating cell-targeting immunotherapy or autologous monocytes as a comparator.

Patients eligible for randomization and treatment will be those (1) who have undergone debulking surgery, (2) for whom a cell line has been established, (3) who have undergone leukapheresis from which sufficient monocytes were obtained, (4) have an ECOG performance grade of 0 or 1 (Karnofsky score of 70-100%), and (5) who have completed primary therapy. The trial is not open to patients with recurrent ovarian cancer.

For additional information about AIVITAs AVOVA-1 trial patients can visit: http://www.clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02033616

GLIOBLASTOMA

AIVITAs glioblastoma Phase 2 single-arm study is active and is enrolling approximately 55 patients to receive the tumor-initiating cell-targeting immunotherapy.

Patients eligible for treatment will be those (1) who have recovered from surgery such that they are about to begin concurrent chemotherapy and radiation therapy (CT/RT), (2) for whom an autologous tumor cell line has been established, (3) have a Karnofsky Performance Status of > 70 and (4) have undergone successful leukapheresis from which peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) were obtained that can be used to generate dendritic cells (DC). The trial is not open to patients with recurrent glioblastoma.

For additional information about AIVITAs AV-GBM-1 trial please visit: http://www.clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03400917

MELANOMA

AIVITAs melanoma Phase 1B open-label, single-arm study will establish the safety of administering anti-PD1 monoclonal antibodies in combination with AIVITAs tumor-initiating cell-targeting immunotherapy in patients with measurable metastatic melanoma. The study will also track efficacy of the treatment for the estimated 14 to 20 patients. This trial is not yet open for enrollment.

Patients eligible for treatment will be those (1) for whom a cell line has been established, (2) who have undergone leukapheresis from which sufficient monocytes were obtained, (3) have an ECOG performance grade of 0 or 1 (Karnofsky score of 70-100%), (4) who have either never received treatment for metastatic melanoma or were previously treated with enzymatic inhibitors of the BRAF/MEK pathway because of BRAF600E/K mutations and (5) are about to initiate anti-PD1 monotherapy.

For additional information about AIVITAs AV-MEL-1 trial please visit: http://www.clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03743298

About AIVITA Biomedical

AIVITA Biomedical is a privately held company engaged in the advancement of commercial and clinical-stage programs utilizing curative and regenerative medicines. Founded in 2016 by pioneers in the stem cell industry, AIVITA Biomedical utilizes its expertise in stem cell growth and directed, high-purity differentiation to enable safe, efficient and economical manufacturing systems which support its therapeutic pipeline and commercial line of skin care products. All proceeds from the sale of AIVITAs skin care products support the treatment of people with cancer.

View source version on businesswire.com: https://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20200423005260/en/

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AIVITA Biomedical Publishes Study Comparing Immune Responses and Associated Survivals Induced by Dendritic and Tumor Cell Vaccines - BioSpace

Skin Stem Cells Comments Off on AIVITA Biomedical Publishes Study Comparing Immune Responses and Associated Survivals Induced by Dendritic and Tumor Cell Vaccines – BioSpace | April 24th, 2020

New research results show promise in treating people who are blind.

The National Eye Institute funded the study, which is research considered to be ethical.

Dr. David Prentice of the Charlotte Lozier Institute says there have been discussions over using adult stem cells to restore sight, which he calls a different tack for advancing science and medicine.

It's still an ethical way to go about this, he observes. There's no embryonic stem cells, no fetal tissue, none of this unethical type of research direction.

What the scientists did was turn a skin cell directly into a photoreceptor for vision then transplanted it.

Prenticeadvises the testing is very preliminary after the experiment on mice.

But what they find was when they transplanted this newly formed type of vision cell into the eyes of these blind mice, he says, they restored their vision.

The researchers applied chemicals that transformed one cell type into another needed for vision, and there is now potential to help people with all forms of vision blindness or vision correction, which would include macular degeneration and other retinal disorders.

Editor's note: Original posting attribute comments to wrong person.

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Lozier praises promising, and ethical, blindness study - OneNewsNow

Skin Stem Cells Comments Off on Lozier praises promising, and ethical, blindness study – OneNewsNow | April 24th, 2020

Just because you cant head to a nail salon right now doesnt mean you should neglect your hands, feet and nails. Plus, the excessive hand washing youve been doing still the most reliable way to protect yourself and your family from Covid-19 can also strip skin of its natural oils and leave it dry. Heres what you can do:

If youre lazy, just use a body scrub in the shower, starting from the feet up. But for a little DIY pampering, start with a foot soak to soften rough heels and soles, then use a foot scrub.

This is important, especially for the hands, as the skin there is thinner than the rest of the body. Its also one of the first places to show signs of ageing. Plus, if the skin on your hands and feet are extremely dry, it could develop micro cracks that allow germs in, making you unwell.

Did you know that massaging cuticle oil on your cuticles and nails every day can improve blood flow to the nail matrix (the root), which makes your nails strong and healthy? If you tend to forget, keep the bottle by your WFH work desk or at your bedside as a nightly reminder.

Here are seven treats to get your hands, feet and nails looking great, when youre stuck at home:

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The Body Shop ? Almond Hand And Nail Cream 30ml 95.000 Order WA : 0878 8850 6509 #thebodyshop #bodybutter #vitamin #moisturizer #showergel #edt #parfum #bodymist #sabunmandi #sabuncair #makeup #teatree #vitamine #strawberry #vanilla #mango #tbs #thebodyshopsurabaya #thebodyshopalmondhandcream #handcreamthebodyshop #almondhandcream #almond #pelembab #thebodyshop #handcream #krimtangan #pelembabtangan Pelembap khusus tangan dan kuku dengan aroma sweet almond. Membantu membuat tangan dan kuku menjadi lembap, lembut, dan tampak sehat.

A post shared by haii rek ? (@mbakaysurabaya) on Feb 27, 2020 at 11:38am PST

Sweet almond oil and shea butter nourish skin, strengthen nails, and keep your hands soft.

Available atwww.thebodyshop.com/en-sg/and when stores re-open, at The Body Shop.

Not everyone likes using a thick, heavy cream, especially when you dont have the aircon on when you work from home. The heat just makes it all the more sticky.

This lotion is lightweight yet intensively hydrates hands with organic shea butter, USDA-certified organic jojoba seed oil and rice bran oil, yet remains lightweight on the skin.

The latter ingredient contains vitamin E, which protects your hands against UV damagewhich helps give added projection if you work by the window.

Available atwww.thann.com.sg

ALSO READ:9 nail products to help you get a salon-quality manicure at home

A five-oil blend of jojoba, sunflower, argan, pomegranate and tamu moisturise dry cuticles, keeping nails healthy, and soothing skin. We love the rollerball for fuss-free application and the delicate citrus and rose geranium scent.

Available atwww.net-a-porter.com

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#???? #??? . ???? ????? ??!! ???? ????, ???? ????, ???? ????, ????? #legspa #?? #????? #cureprogram #?????? #?

A post shared by ???(????PT? WEgym) (@n___hyunwoo) on Feb 15, 2019 at 11:14pm PST

You wear the mask like socks that reach up to mid-shin, taping the tabs down for a snug fit. The inside of the mask contains its formula of 7 essential oils and 11 herbs (including spearmint, eucalyptus, grapefruit, bergamot, juniper and thyme) to relieve tired feet and legs, and keep them soft and hydrated.

Available atwww.ksisters.sg

View this post on Instagram

I’m not a big “exfoliate in the shower person,”but the smell of this product is divine and makes me want to buff my bits? @aesopskincare #aesop #aesopbodyscrub #aesopredemptionbodyscrub #aesopscrub #bodyscrub #skincare #beauty #aesopskincare #scrub

A post shared by Susan B (@susybliving) on May 17, 2019 at 9:40am PDT

For quick exfoliation in the shower, use this creamy body scrub. It contains finely milled pumice stone and bamboo stem to gently buff away dead skin cells and dirt. Skin feels smoother and softer, from top to toe.

Available atwww.aesop.com/sg/andwww.net-a-porter.com

View this post on Instagram

So for those of who missed my stories early last week, I wanted to start a fun @drunkelephant tag myself so I came up with #silisaturday ? I have been really enjoying lathering myself up with the new Sili Body Lotion. It is so light, absorbs quickly into the skin but your skin is still left feeling hydrated & soft - no greasy residue, which is something I hate in a lot of body lotions / body butters. There is a very subtle sweet almond scent but you have to really look for it in order to smell it. I remember opening the bottle to smell it and didn’t at first; but the smell was more noticeable once I started actually applying it. I can’t wait to get my hands on the rest of the new hair & body collection - I’ll have a review up soon of the Marula Detangler Spray once I’ve used it a bit more to really get a solid opinion! ? . . Show me your #silisaturday photos & I will be sharing them on my stories! ?? . . #drunkelephant #drunkelephantskincare #drunkelephantforlife #drunkelephantsili #silibodylotion #skin #cleanbeauty #cleanskincare #acleanbreak #skincare #skincareroutine #skincareproducts #skincaretips #skincarejunkie #skincarecommunity #skincareroutines #skincareblogger #skincaretipsandtricks #skincareaddict #skincarelover #skincareobsessed #skincareregime #skincarereview

A post shared by Jennifer (@makeupxdanseee) on Apr 4, 2020 at 11:55am PDT

A body lotion is the easiest way to ensure that every bit of skin gets hydration, not just your hands and feet. This one contains nourishing plant oils and butters, together with amino acids, ceramides and antioxidants that lock in moisture, soothe dryness and itch, and protect skin from free radical damage.

Available atwww.sephora.sgand when stores re-open, at Sephora.

View this post on Instagram

Werbung- Happy Sunday Ihr Lieben ? was macht Ihr heute? Bei uns ist es recht kühl und Dauerregen? Ideales Wetter für ein bisschen Me-Time zuhause. Sonntag ist eh immer mein Pflege-Tag mit Masken, Baden, Peelings und Co. Ich habe vor kurzem diese neuen Gold Masken für Hände und Füße?von Starskin zugeschickt bekommen. Kennt Ihr die Marke schon? Benutzt Ihr solche Hand & Fuß Masken? Ich habe das tatsächlich noch nie probiert ? Bin immer zu ungeduldig für sowas. PS: Es freut mich, dass soviele beim Gewinnspiel mitmachen ? Daher kommt wahrscheinlich auch schon nächste Woche das nächste für Euch ??Ich wünsche Euch einen schönen Sonntag ?? #instabeauty #instamakeup #makeup #makeupadicct #makeupjunkie #skincare #starskin #starskingold #starskinsquad #starskinmask #starskinbeauty #beautyaddict #beautyjunkie #beautyblogger_de #bblogger #cosmetics #cosmetic #highendlove #blogger_de #starskinthegoldmask

A post shared by I L O N K A T I M M (@highendloveblog) on Aug 18, 2019 at 3:17am PDT

An intensive treatment for your hands, the mask contains two layers: The inner layer contains Bulgarian rose, shea butter and rose hip oil to nourish while the outer protective foil creates a warming effect to enhance absorption of the active ingredients. Hands are soft, supple and conditioned in 15 minutes.

Available atwww.sephora.sgand when stores re-open, at Sephora.

For the latest updates on the coronavirus, visithere.

This article was first published in Her World Online.

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How to care for your nails at home now that you can't go to the salon - AsiaOne

Skin Stem Cells Comments Off on How to care for your nails at home now that you can’t go to the salon – AsiaOne | April 24th, 2020

- Phase 3 REACH2 data demonstrate that ruxolitinib (Jakafi) improves outcomes across a range of efficacy measures in patients with steroid-refractory acute graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) compared to best available therapy (BAT)

- Results show a significantly greater overall response rate (ORR) in patients treated with ruxolitinib (62%) compared to BAT (39%) 1,2

- GVHD is a serious and common complication of allogeneic stem cell transplants with a one-year mortality rate as high as 80% in patients who develop acute GVHD3-5

- The results, published in The New England Journal of Medicine, were also selected for an oral presentation during the Presidential Symposium at the European Society for Blood and Marrow Transplantation (EBMT) Annual Meeting to be held 30 August to 2 September in Madrid, Spain

Incyte (Nasdaq:INCY) today announced that data from the Phase 3 REACH2 study have been published in The New England Journal of Medicine demonstrating that ruxolitinib (Jakafi) improves outcomes across a range of efficacy measures in patients with steroid-refractory acute graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) compared to best available therapy (BAT). The results of REACH2, the first Phase 3 study of ruxolitinib in acute GVHD to have met its primary endpoint, reinforce findings from the previously-reported Phase 2 REACH1 study.

In REACH2, patients treated with ruxolitinib experienced a significantly greater overall response rate (ORR) vs. BAT (62% vs. 39%; p<0.001) at Day 28, the primary endpoint of the study. For the key secondary endpoints, patients treated with ruxolitinib maintained significantly higher durable ORR (40% vs. 22%; p<0.001) at Day 56. In addition, ruxolitinib was associated with longer median failure free survival (FFS) than BAT (5.0 months vs. 1.0 months; hazard ratio 0.46, 95% CI, 0.35 to 0.60) and showed a positive trend with other secondary endpoints, including duration of response1,2.

No new safety signals were observed, and the ruxolitinib safety profile in REACH2 was consistent with that seen in previously reported studies in steroid-refractory acute GVHD. The most frequently reported adverse events among study participants were thrombocytopenia and anemia. While 38% and 9% of patients required ruxolitinib and BAT dose modifications, the number of patients who discontinued treatment due to AEs was low (11% and 5%, respectively)1,2.

"The results from the REACH2 study reinforce findings from the pivotal REACH1 trial and demonstrate the potential that ruxolitinib has to effectively and safely improve outcomes for patients with GVHD," said Peter Langmuir, M.D., Group Vice President, Oncology Targeted Therapies, Incyte. "We are committed to continuing our research in GVHD with the goal of providing more effective treatment options for patients living with this disease, and look forward to the results of the REACH3 study in steroid-refractory chronic GVHD later this year."

The REACH2 data were also accepted as an oral presentation as part of the Presidential Symposium at the European Society for Blood and Marrow Transplantation (EBMT) Annual Meeting to be held 30 August to 2 September in Madrid, Spain.

"Patients with acute graft-versus-host disease face life-threatening challenges with limited treatment options, particularly for the nearly half of individuals who do not respond to initial steroid therapy," said Robert Zeiser, University Hospital Freiburg, Department of Haematology, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Freiburg, Germany. "These new data from REACH2 showing superiority of ruxolitinib over current standard-of-care therapies add to a growing body of evidence on how targeting the JAK pathway can be an effective strategy in this difficult-to-treat condition."

In 2019, Jakafi (ruxolitinib) was approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration for the treatment of steroid-refractory acute GVHD in adult and pediatric patients 12 years and older, based on the positive results of the Phase 2 REACH1 trial6. The Phase 3 REACH3 study in patients with steroid-refractory chronic GVHD is ongoing and results are expected in the second half of this year. Jakafi is marketed by Incyte in the U.S.; ruxolitinib (Jakavi) is licensed to Novartis ex-U.S.

The NEJM publication of the REACH2 results is available online.

Story continues

About REACH2

REACH2 (NCT02913261), a randomized, open-label, multicenter Phase 3 study sponsored by Novartis and conducted in collaboration with and co-funded by Incyte , is evaluating the safety and efficacy of ruxolitinib compared with best available therapy in patients with steroid-refractory acute GVHD.

The primary endpoint was overall response rate (ORR) at Day 28, defined as the proportion of patients demonstrating a best overall response (complete response or partial response). Secondary endpoints include durable ORR at Day 56, ORR at Day 14, duration of response, overall survival and event-free survival, among others. For more information about the study, please visit https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02913261.

About REACH

The REACH clinical trial program evaluating ruxolitinib in patients with steroid-refractory GVHD, includes the randomized pivotal Phase 3 REACH2 and REACH3 trials, conducted in collaboration with Novartis. The ongoing REACH3 trial is evaluating patients with steroid-refractory chronic GVHD with results expected later this year. For more information about the REACH3 study, please visit https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03112603.

The REACH program was initiated with the Incyte-sponsored REACH1 trial, a prospective, open-label, single-cohort, multicenter, pivotal Phase 2 trial (NCT02953678) evaluating Jakafi in combination with corticosteroids in patients with steroid-refractory grade II-IV acute GVHD. For more information about the study, including trial results, please visit https://clinicaltrials.gov/show/NCT02953678.

About Jakafi (ruxolitinib)

Jakafi is a first-in-class JAK1/JAK2 inhibitor approved by the U.S. FDA for the treatment of polycythemia vera (PV) in adults who have had an inadequate response to or are intolerant of hydroxyurea, in adults with intermediate or high-risk myelofibrosis (MF), including primary MF, post-polycythemia vera MF and post-essential thrombocythemia MF and for the treatment of steroid-refractory acute GVHD in adult and pediatric patients 12 years and older.

Jakafi is marketed by Incyte in the United States and by Novartis as Jakavi (ruxolitinib) outside the United States. Jakafi is a registered trademark of Incyte Corporation. Jakavi is a registered trademark of Novartis AG in countries outside the United States.

Important Safety Information

Jakafi can cause serious side effects, including:

Low blood counts: Jakafi (ruxolitinib) may cause your platelet, red blood cell, or white blood cell counts to be lowered. If you develop bleeding, stop taking Jakafi and call your healthcare provider. Your healthcare provider will perform blood tests to check your blood counts before you start Jakafi and regularly during your treatment. Your healthcare provider may change your dose of Jakafi or stop your treatment based on the results of your blood tests. Tell your healthcare provider right away if you develop or have worsening symptoms such as unusual bleeding, bruising, tiredness, shortness of breath, or a fever.

Infection: You may be at risk for developing a serious infection during treatment with Jakafi. Tell your healthcare provider if you develop any of the following symptoms of infection: chills, nausea, vomiting, aches, weakness, fever, painful skin rash or blisters.

Skin cancers: Some people who take Jakafi have developed certain types of non-melanoma skin cancers. Tell your healthcare provider if you develop any new or changing skin lesions.

Increases in cholesterol: You may have changes in your blood cholesterol levels. Your healthcare provider will do blood tests to check your cholesterol levels during your treatment with Jakafi.

The most common side effects of Jakafi include: for certain types of MF and PV - low platelet or low red blood cell counts, bruising, dizziness, headache, and diarrhea; and for acute GVHD low platelet, red or white blood cell counts, infections, and fluid retention.

These are not all the possible side effects of Jakafi. Ask your pharmacist or healthcare provider for more information. Tell your healthcare provider about any side effect that bothers you or that does not go away.

Before taking Jakafi, tell your healthcare provider about: all the medications, vitamins, and herbal supplements you are taking and all your medical conditions, including if you have an infection, have or had tuberculosis (TB), or have been in close contact with someone who has TB, have or had hepatitis B, have or had liver or kidney problems, are on dialysis, have a high level of fat in your blood (high blood cholesterol or triglycerides), had skin cancer or have any other medical condition. Take Jakafi exactly as your healthcare provider tells you. Do not change or stop taking Jakafi without first talking to your healthcare provider.

Women should not take Jakafi while pregnant or planning to become pregnant. Do not breast-feed during treatment with Jakafi and for 2 weeks after the final dose.

Full Prescribing Information, which includes a more complete discussion of the risks associated with Jakafi, is available at http://www.jakafi.com.

About Incyte

Incyte is a Wilmington, Delaware-based, global biopharmaceutical company focused on finding solutions for serious unmet medical needs through the discovery, development and commercialization of proprietary therapeutics. For additional information on Incyte, please visit Incyte.com and follow @Incyte.

Forward-Looking Statements

Except for the historical information set forth herein, the matters set forth in this press release, including statements about the REACH2 data, when results from the REACH3 study will be available, the effect of the REACH2 results on patients with GVHD, and the overall REACH program, contain predictions, estimates and other forward-looking statements.

These forward-looking statements are based on the Companys current expectations and subject to risks and uncertainties that may cause actual results to differ materially, including unanticipated developments in and risks related to: unanticipated delays; further research and development and the results of clinical trials possibly being unsuccessful or insufficient to meet applicable regulatory standards or warrant continued development; the ability to enroll sufficient numbers of subjects in clinical trials; determinations made by the FDA; the Companys dependence on its relationships with its collaboration partners; the efficacy or safety of the Companys products and the products of the Companys collaboration partners; the acceptance of the Companys products and the products of the Companys collaboration partners in the marketplace; market competition; sales, marketing, manufacturing and distribution requirements; greater than expected expenses; expenses relating to litigation or strategic activities; and other risks detailed from time to time in the Companys reports filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission, including its Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2019. The Company disclaims any intent or obligation to update these forward-looking statements.

References

View source version on businesswire.com: https://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20200422005739/en/

Contacts

Incyte Contacts Media Jenifer Antonacci+1 302 498 7036jantonacci@incyte.com

Catalina Loveman+1 302 498 6171cloveman@incyte.com

Investors Michael Booth, DPhil+1 302 498 5914mbooth@incyte.com

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Incyte Announces Pivotal REACH2 Study Data Published in NEJM Highlight Superior Efficacy of Ruxolitinib (Jakafi) versus Best Available Therapy in...

Skin Stem Cells Comments Off on Incyte Announces Pivotal REACH2 Study Data Published in NEJM Highlight Superior Efficacy of Ruxolitinib (Jakafi) versus Best Available Therapy in… | April 24th, 2020

A few weeks afterreceiving chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell (CAR-T) therapy, many patientsexperience prolonged reductions in blood cell counts, possibly making them morevulnerable to infections.

Two recent studies characterized the extent and duration of postCAR-T cytopenia among patients receiving CAR-T therapy for hematological malignancies with 1 study offering insights on some of the possible factors that may influence hematological count recovery.

Whats important to know is that by day 90, mostpatients recover, noted UroosaIbrahim, MD, stemcell transplantation and cellular therapy fellow at the Tisch Cancer Instituteof the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai,New York, who coauthored 1 of the studies. Were supporting them for [approximately]3 months [with treatment], but then theyll recover, which is good to know.

One study by MemorialSloan Kettering Cancer Center (MSKCC) researchers followed 83 adult patientswho received CAR-T therapy: 40 patients received 1 of 2 Food and DrugAdministration (FDA)-approved therapies, axicabtageneciloleucel (axi-cel; Yescarta) ortisagenlecleucel (tisa-cel; Kymriah), to treat relapsed/refractory B-cell lymphoma.

The remainder comprised 37 patients with relapsed/refractory B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia who were currently enrolled in a clinical trial in which they received an experimental CAR-T therapy where cells express the 19-28z CAR construct (ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT01044069), and 6 multiple myeloma patients who received a different experimental CAR-T construct that targets the B-cell maturation antigen (BCMA) (ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT03070327). The findings were presented at the annual Transplantation and Cellular Therapy Meetings of ASCT and CIBMTR in February 2020.1

By 1 month, theresearchers observed that 24% of patients experienced a complete recovery ofhemoglobin, platelets, absolute neutrophil count, and white blood cell counts recovery being defined as reaching safe levels, and without requiringtransfusions or treatment with growth factors.

Recovery of hemoglobinwas noted in 61% of patients, platelets in 51% of patients, absolute neutrophilcount in 33% of patients, and white blood cell count in 28% of patients.Examining 41 patients at 3 months, those figures were 93%, 90%, 81%, and 59%,respectively, and overall, 56% saw a complete blood count recovery.

The results werebroadly consistent with recent research by Dr Ibrahim and Keren Osman, MD,associate professor and director of medicine at the Icahn School of Medicine atMount Sinai and director of cellular therapy service in the bone marrow andstem cell transplantation program at the schools Tisch Cancer Institute. Thatstudy comprised 50 patients 41 with multiple myeloma and 9 with diffuse largeB-cell lymphoma who received either axicabtagene ciloleucel, or 1 of 2 experimentalanti-BCMA CAR-T therapies, bb2121 or bb21217.

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Alumni members of National Institute of Technology - Tiruchi (NIT-T) holding key positions in tech companies across the globe have responded overwhelmingly through their knowledge support, innovative devices, fund mobilisation, and production of personal protection equipment for dealing with the COVID-19 pandemic.

An associate of Global Consortium of Cell Therapy Companies, Stempeutics, an Indian stem cell company of which B. N Manohar, an alumnus of ECE 1977 batch is the Chief Executive Officer, will shortly be supplying clinical-grade Mesenchymal Stem Cells (multi-potent stem cells found in the bone marrow used for making and repairing skeletal tissues) to those in need. Manufactured in the Manipal GMP facility under approval of Drug Controller General of India, the multi-potent stem cells have been found to reduce the symptoms of pneumonia induced by COVID-19 and halt its advancement to Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome, NIT-T Director Mini Shaji Thomas said.

S. K. Ramesh, an alumnus of 1981 batch ECE holding a senior position in California State University, Northridge, is involved along with his colleagues in creation of life saving face shields and other personal protection equipment for donating the same to healthcare workers in hospitals throughout Southern California.

Blooom Energy, founded by K. R. Sridhar, who had completed his mechanical engineering degree from the then Regional Engineering College Tiruchi, and subsequently did his masters degree in Nuclear Engineering, and Ph.D. in Mechanical Engineering from the University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, has undertaken the task of repairing ventilators on a bulk scale in partnership with Stanford Health Care.

Chief Innovation Officer at Dulso, United Arab Emirates, Madhumohan Sreeram, an alumnus of NIT-T who had completed B.Tech in Chemical Engineering in 1982, has been in the forefront in carrying out sanitisation of the municipality of Dubai after identifying a suitable disinfectant QUATPLUS TB, which is a Quaternary Ammonium Compound product approved by United States Environmental Protection Agency and American chemistry councils Center Biocide Chemistry (CBC) and has been listed in their recommended EPA pre-approved products for COVID-9 disinfection application.

Richard Sekar, an alumnus who had completed Production Engineering in 1983 leads Warriors Against Virus a team of 371 volunteers in the Bay Area, USA, for stitching facial masks for hospital requirement. IcarusNova, of which Sapna Behar, an alumna (1990, EEE), is the Director and Founder, has partnered with LifeSignals to design a wireless biosensor-based patch, with ISO 13485 accreditation, for early detection and continuous monitoring of COVID-19 symptoms. The patches when affixed on the chest area can monitor the temperature, breathing rate, trace ECG and heart rate as a real time data. The data can be transferred to the users phone through an app. The system reduces the risk of contamination between patients and other individuals.

Admiral Superintendent of Naval Dockyard, Vishakapatnam, Sreekumar Nair (ECE, 1986), has led a team to design an innovative portable multi-feed oxygen manifold using a six-way radial header fitted to a single cylinder. This becomes essential when the existing hospital facilities for critical care management becomes limited and a need arises for catering to multiple patients. Rapid trials have been done at Naval Hospital INHS Kalyani. The entire assembly could be set up within 30 minutes.

Appreciating the efforts of the alumni members, Prof. Mini Shaji Thomas said the various contributions in diverse sectors was a matter of pride.

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(MENAFN - iCrowdNewsWire) Apr 23, 2020

' Spinal Cord Trauma Treatment Market: Global Industry Analysis 2012 2016 and Forecast 2017 2025' is the recent report of Persistence Market Research that throws light on the overall market scenario during the period of eight years, i.e. 2017-2025. According to this report, Global spinal cord trauma treatment market is expected to witness significant growth during the forecast period.

This growth is expected to be primarily driven by increasing incidence of spinal cord trauma, and increasing government support to reduce the burden of spinal cord injuries. Additionally, development of nerve cells growth therapy is expected to boost the market in near future.

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The global market for spinal cord trauma treatment is is estimated to be valued at US$ 2,276.3 Mn in terms of value by the end of 2017. The global spinal cord trauma treatment market is expected to expand at a CAGR of 3.7% over the forecast period to reach a value of US$ 3,036.2 Mn by 2025end.

Global Spinal Cord Trauma Treatment Market: Trends

Global Spinal Cord Trauma Treatment Market: Forecast by End User

On the basis of end user, the global spinal cord trauma treatment market is segmented into hospitals and trauma centers. Hospitals segment dominated the global spinal cord trauma treatment market in revenue terms in 2016 and is projected to continue to do so throughout the forecast period.

Hospitals and trauma centers segments are expected to approximately similar attractive index. Hospitals segment accounted for 53.2% value share in 2017 and is projected to account for 52.5% share by 2025 end.

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Global Spinal Cord Trauma Treatment Market: Forecast by Injury Type

On the basis of injury type, the global spinal cord trauma treatment market is segmented into complete spinal cord injuries and partial spinal cord injuries.

Partial spinal cord trauma treatment segment is expected to show better growth than the completed spinal cord treatment segment due to higher growth in the incidence rate of partial spinal cord trauma than the complete spinal cord trauma. With US$ 1,870.3 Mn market value in 2025, this segment is likely to expand at CAGR 3.8% throughout the projected period.

Global Spinal Cord Trauma Treatment Market: Forecast by Treatment Type

On the basis of treatment type, the global spinal cord trauma treatment market is segmented into corticosteroid, surgery, and spinal traction segments.

Surgery segment dominated the global spinal cord trauma treatment market in revenue terms in 2016 and is projected to continue to do so throughout the forecast period. Surgery segment is the most attractive segment, with attractiveness index of 2.6 over the forecast period.

Global Spinal Cord Trauma Treatment Market: Forecast by Region

This market is segmented into five regions such as North America, Latin America, Europe, APAC and MEA. Asia-Pacific account for the largest market share in the global spinal cord trauma treatment market.

Large patient population due to the high rate of road accidents and crime is making the Asia Pacific region most attractive market for spinal cord trauma treatment. On the other hand, MEA and Latin America is expected to be the least attractive market for spinal cord trauma treatment, with attractiveness index of 0.3 and 0.5 respectively over the forecast period.

Explore Extensive Coverage of PMR`s Life Sciences & Transformational Health Landscape

Molecular Diagnostics Market

Molecular Diagnostics Market Segmentation by Key Players Novartis AG, Roche Diagnostics, QIAGEN, Siemens Healthcare, Abbott Laboratories, Inc., Gen-Probe, Inc. (Hologic Inc.), Cepheid, Inc., Beckman Coulter, Inc., Becton, Dickinson & Company, Myriad Genetics, Inc., and bioMerieux.

Next-Generation Sequencing Market

Next Generation Sequencing Market Segmented by(By Application Whole-genome Sequencing ,Exome Sequencing,Targeted Resequencing,De Novo Sequencing,RNA Sequencing,ChIP Sequencing,Methyl Sequencing,Others);By Technology- Targeted Sequencing & Resequencing,Whole Genome Sequencing,Whole Exome Sequencing.

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Spinal Cord Trauma Treatment Market to Grow at Stellar CAGR 3.7% During the Forecast Period 2025 - MENAFN.COM

Spinal Cord Stem Cells Comments Off on Spinal Cord Trauma Treatment Market to Grow at Stellar CAGR 3.7% During the Forecast Period 2025 – MENAFN.COM | April 24th, 2020

I awoke on Monday morning to the sad news that Max Randell had passed away on April 18. He would have been 23 on October 9.

Maxie wasnt expected to live past the age of 8, or even much past toddlerhood, according to some doctors. But gene therapy, and his incredible family, had something to say about that. COVID-19 didnt claim him his body just tired of fighting.

Max Randells legacy is one of hope, to the rare disease community whose family members step up to participate in the clinical trials that lead to treatments. In this time of the pandemic, attention has, understandably, turned somewhat away from the many people who live with medical limitations all the time. Ill explore that story next week.

A Devastating Diagnosis

Max was diagnosed at 4 months of age with Canavan disease, an inherited neuromuscular disease that never touched his mind nor his ability to communicate with his eyes, even though his body increasingly limited what he could do. Fewer than a thousand people in the US have the condition.

Canavan disease is an enzyme deficiency that melts away the myelin that insulates brain neurons. Gene therapy provides working copies of the affected gene, ASPA.

Babies with Canavan disease are limp and listless. Most never speak, walk, or even turn over. Yet their facial expressions and responses indicate an uncanny awareness. A child laughs when his dad makes a fart-like noise; a little girl flutters her fingers as if they are on a keyboard when a friend plays piano. Theyre smart.

Today, with excellent speech, occupational, and physical therapy and earlier diagnosis, people with Canavan disease can live into their teens or twenties. Those with mild mutations live even longer.

Maxs passing is a tragedy, but he taught researchers about gene therapy to the brain. And that may help others.

Gene Therapy for Canavan

Max had his first gene therapy at 11 months of age and a second a few years later, after slight backsliding when clinical trials halted in the wake of the death of Jesse Gelsingerin a gene therapy trial for a different disease.

Ive written about Maxs journey through many editions of my human genetics textbook, in my book ongene therapy, and in several DNA Science posts, listed at the end.

Ive had the honor to attend two of Maxs birthday parties, which celebrate Canavan kids and the organization that his family founded, Canavan Research Illinois. At one party I brought along birthday cards that students whod read my gene therapy book made for him. And his grandma Peggy, who emailed me of his passing this past Monday, showed me how Max communicated with eyeblinks of differing duration and direction.

Heres what his mom Ilyce wrote about one yearly gathering:

This year will be the 20th Annual Canavan Charity Ball. Each year as I plan this event Im faced with the undeniable reality that theres a chance Maxie wont be here by the time the day rolls around. With each passing year this fear grows stronger and it becomes increasingly difficult to put into print that our annual event is in honor of Maxies birthday. Ive been talking to Maxie a lot lately about his life. He feels happy, strong, loved, content, productive, and fulfilled and he is looking forward to his upcoming 21st birthday. Im excited to celebrate this incredible milestone.

Maxs parents and brother Alex have had the unusual experience of time, of being able to watch their loved one as the years unfolded following gene therapy. They were able to see more subtle improvements than can the parents whose children have more recently had gene therapy to treat a brain disease. Parents watch and wait and hope that language will return, or that a child will become more mobile or less hyperactive, depending on the treated condition. The changes may be subtle, or slow, or restricted and thats what Max taught the world.

For him, the viruses that ferried the healing genes into his brain seem to have gathered at his visual system. His parents noticed improvements in the short term, just before his first birthday, as well as long term.

Within two to three weeks, he started tracking with his eyes, and he got glasses. He became more verbal and his motor skills improved. His vision is still so good that his ophthalmologist only sees him once a year, like any other kid with glasses. She calls him Miracle Max, Ilyce told me in 2010.

In 2016 I heard from Ilyce again:

I wanted to give you an update on Maxie. Hes going to be 19 on October 9th. He graduated from high school in June and is beginning a work program on Monday. Its been very exciting to watch him grow into a young man!

Max had an appointment with his ophthalmologist this week and his vision continues to improve. His doctor said that the gene is still active in his brain because his optic nerve shows absolutely no signs of degeneration and looks the same each year. I wish we could have been able to express the gene throughout more of his brain, but I am grateful for the treatments because of the progress hes made.

Even though gene therapy wasnt a cure for Max, the things we are experiencing definitely give me a lot of hope that once the delivery system is perfected, I can see a potential cure for Canavan disease in the future. Just knowing that the gene is still there 15 years later gives me confidence that a one-time gene transfer would actually work!

Maxs gene therapy circa 2002 targeted less than 1% of brain cells, with fewer viral vectors than are used to deliver healing genes in todays clinical trials. But it looks like some of the vectors may have made their way beyond the optic nerves, judging by the interest in math he had in high school and his critical thinking skills.

A Choice of Gene-Based Therapies

When the Randell family decided to pursue gene therapy, it was pretty much the only game in town. Thats changed.

Only two gene therapies have been approvedin the U.S. But a search at clinicaltrials.gov yielded 602 entriesdeploying the technology. The list still rounds up the usual suspects of years past mostly immune deficiencies, eye disorders, or blood conditions, with a few inborn errors of metabolism.

But one clinical trial mentions the gene-editing tool CRISPR, which can replace a mutant gene, not just add working copies as classical gene therapy does. TheCRISPRtrial is an experiment on stem cells removed from patients with Kabuki syndrome, which affects many body systems.

Spinal muscular atrophy now has two FDA-approved treatments, one an antisense therapy (Spinraza) that silences a mutation and the other (Zolgensma) a gene therapy that infuses copies of the functioning gene. Without treatment, the destruction of motor neurons in the spinal cord is usually lethal by age two.

In 2018, FDA approved the first drug based on RNA interference (RNAi), yet another biotechnology. It silences gene expression, which is at the RNA rather than the DNA level of the other approaches. Onpattro treats the tingling, tickling, and burning sensations from the rare condition hereditary transthyretin-mediated amyloidosis.

When I wrote my book on gene therapy in 2012, the technology was pretty much the only choice of research to pursue besides protein-based therapies like enzyme replacement. Now families raising funds for treatments for single-gene diseases can add antisense, RNAi, and CRISPR gene editing to the list of possibilities.

In any battle, a diversity of weapons ups the odds of defeating the enemy.

RIP Max Randell.

DNA Science posts:

Fighting Canavan: Honoring Rare Disease Week

A Brothers Love Fights Genetic Disease

Gene Therapy for Canavan Disease: Maxs Story

Celebrating the Moms of Gene Therapy

To support research:Canavan Research Illinois

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The benefits of Stem cells therapy vary, some of the benefits of stem cells are because of their potential in the treatment of medical conditions, but it is not the only way they can be utilized. A few of the benefits are as follows: To know what is a Stem Cell Therapy.

Medically, stem cells are used in therapies to treat certain diseases and conditions, many treatments require a transplant of organs and tissues but the organs and tissues are donated and the waiting list for donation is quite long. People stay on the transplant lists for years and many dont live to see their name move up the list or are not viable to receive donor organs or tissues, and in such cases stem cells can provide an effective and faster and better alternative in some diseases. The most popular form of stem cell therapy is the bone marrow transplant, and many others are considered safe in treatments of conditions and diseases like:

There are many other stem cell therapies but not all of them have been approved as safe and effective. But like in the case of a burn victim, the replacement of the burned area with stem cells can be utilized to make new tissues and save the trouble of finding a tissue donor. It is a very painful experience and everything that can be done should be done to lessen the pain and start the healing process quickly for the sake of the patient.

Research done on animals like dogs and horses and cats showed us that this form of research not only advances the development of stem cell therapies and treatments; for the benefit of veterinary medicine, but also resulted to be very beneficial for human treatments as well.

Animals that have diseases that nearly mimic the ones humans have as well are used as ideal models to experiment the development of stem cell therapies in medical conditions that humans and animals both have, like ligament injuries or stroke etc.

Diseases like cancer and conditions like birth defects are quite common these days so, many clinical and experimental trials are popping up to better fight these diseases. Scientists are now looking for ways that they can use to come up with stem cell treatments to better develop the human body when it is suffering from conditions like birth defects.

They are trying to study how the stem cells transform or separate into a wide range of specialized cells so that they can be utilize them in the treatment of certain diseases and conditions.

Stem cells have a huge potential in the testing of drugs as they are relatively safe and dont put anyone in harms way, drugs are now first tested on stem cells and then on animals and humans if the test on stem cells goes well.

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SILVER SPRING, Md., April 22, 2020 /PRNewswire/ --Today, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration granted accelerated approval to Trodelvy (sacituzumab govitecan-hziy) for the treatment of adult patients with triple-negative breast cancer that has spread to other parts of the body. Patients must have received at least two prior therapies before taking Trodelvy.

"Metastatic triple-negative breast cancer is an aggressive form of breast cancer with limited treatment options. Chemotherapy has been the mainstay of treatment for triple-negative breast cancer. The approval of Trodelvy today represents a new targeted therapy for patients living with this aggressive malignancy," said Richard Pazdur, M.D., director of the FDA's Oncology Center of Excellence and acting director of the Office of Oncologic Diseases in the FDA's Center for Drug Evaluation and Research. "There is intense interest in finding new medications to help treat metastatic triple-negative breast cancer. Today's approval provides patients who've already tried two prior therapies with a new option."

Trodelvy is a Trop-2-directed antibody and topoisomerase inhibitor drug conjugate, meaning that the drug targets the Trop-2 receptor that helps the cancer grow, divide and spread, and is linked to topoisomerase inhibitor, which is a chemical compound that is toxic to cancer cells. Approximately two of every 10 breast cancer diagnoses worldwide are triple-negative. Triple-negative breast cancer is a type of breast cancer that tests negative for estrogen receptors, progesterone receptors and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2(HER2) protein. Therefore, triple-negative breast cancer does not respond to hormonal therapy medicines or medicines that target HER2.

"As part of FDA's ongoing and aggressive commitment to address the novel coronavirus pandemic, we continue to keep a strong focus on patients with cancer who constitute a vulnerable population at risk of contracting the disease," said Pazdur. "At this critical time, we continue to expedite oncology product development. This application was approved more than a month ahead of the FDA goal date an example of that commitment. Our staff is continuing to meet with drug developers, academic investigators, and patient advocates to push forward the coordinated review of treatments for cancer."

The FDA approved Trodelvy based on the results of a clinical trial of 108 patients with metastatic triple-negative breast cancer who had received at least two prior treatments for metastatic disease. The efficacy of Trodelvy was based on the overall response rate (ORR) which reflects the percentage of patients that had a certain amount of tumor shrinkage. The ORR was 33.3%, with a median duration of response of 7.7 months. Of the patients with a response to Trodelvy, 55.6% maintained their response for 6 or more months and 16.7% maintained their response for 12 or more months.

The prescribing information for Trodelvy includes a Boxed Warning to advise health care professionals and patients about the risk of severe neutropenia (abnormally low levels of white blood cells) and severe diarrhea. Health care professionals should monitor patient's blood cell counts periodically during treatment with Trodelvy and consider treatment with a type of therapy called granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF), which stimulates the bone marrow to produce white blood cells called granulocytes and stem cells and releases them into the bloodstream, to help prevent infection, and should initiate anti-infective treatment in patients with febrile neutropenia (development of fever when white blood cell are abnormally low).

Additionally, health care professionals should monitor patients with diarrhea and give fluid, electrolytes, and supportive care medications, as needed. Trodelvy may need to be withheld, dose reduced or permanently discontinued for neutropenia or diarrhea. Trodelvy can cause hypersensitivy reactions including severe anaphylactic (allergic) reactions. Patients should be monitored for infusion-related reactions and health care professionals should discontinue Trodelvy if severe or life-threatening reactions occur. If patients experience nausea or vomiting while taking Trodelvy, health care professionals should use antiemetic preventive treatment, to prevent nausea and vomitting. Patients with reduced uridine diphosphate-glucuronosyl transferase 1A1 (UGT1A1) activity are at increased risk for neutropenia following initiation of Trodelvy treatment.

The most common side effects for patients taking Trodelvy were nausea, neutropenia, diarrhea, fatigue, anemia, vomiting, alopecia (hair loss), constipation, decreased appetite, rash and abdominal pain.

Women who are pregnant should not take Trodelvy because it may cause harm to a developing fetus or newborn baby. The FDA advises health care professionals to inform females of reproductive age to use effective contraception during treatment with Trodelvy and for 6 months after the last dose. Male patients with female partners of reproductive potential should also use effective contraception during treatment with Trodelvy and for three months after the last dose.

Trodelvy was granted accelerated approval, which enables the FDA to approve drugs for serious conditions to fill an unmet medical need based on a result that is reasonably likely to predict a clinical benefit to patients. Further clinical trials are required to verify and describe Trodelvy's clinical benefit.

The FDA granted this application Priority Review andBreakthrough Therapydesignation, which expedites the development and review of drugs that are intended to treat a serious condition when preliminary clinical evidence indicates that the drug may demonstrate substantial improvement over available therapies. Trodelvy was also granted Fast Trackdesignation, which expedites the review of drugs to treat serious conditions and fill an unmet medical need.

The FDA granted approval of Trodelvy to Immunomedics, Inc.

Additional Resources:

Media Contact:Nathan Arnold, 301-796-6248Consumer Inquiries: Emailor 888-INFO-FDA

The FDA, an agency within the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, protects the public health by assuring the safety, effectiveness, and security of human and veterinary drugs, vaccines and other biological products for human use, and medical devices. The agency also is responsible for the safety and security of our nation's food supply, cosmetics, dietary supplements, products that give off electronic radiation, and for regulating tobacco products.

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FDA Approves New Therapy for Triple Negative Breast Cancer That Has Spread, Not Responded to Other Treatments - Herald-Mail Media

Bone Marrow Stem Cells Comments Off on FDA Approves New Therapy for Triple Negative Breast Cancer That Has Spread, Not Responded to Other Treatments – Herald-Mail Media | April 22nd, 2020

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Cell Transplant Market to Witness Huge Growth by 2025 | CBR Systems, Escape Therapeutics, Cryo-Save - Research Columnist

Bone Marrow Stem Cells Comments Off on Cell Transplant Market to Witness Huge Growth by 2025 | CBR Systems, Escape Therapeutics, Cryo-Save – Research Columnist | April 22nd, 2020