Biologic aging is a complex process. There are several theories on why and how we age, and it is probable that none of them account for all the aspects. We are constantly exposed to both internal and external stimuli that, over time, facilitate the aging process. These stimuli include ionizing radiation, ultraviolet light, diet, exercise, oxidative stresses, and perhaps, worst of all, smoking. All of these can trigger intracellular processes, including DNA methylation, or epigenetic change, telomere shortening and damage, DNA damage, and mitochondrial dysfunction. These factors accelerate cellular senescencewhat is thought to be the critical factor in aging and has been shown to increase with age.1,2

Cellular senescence is a condition in which a cell has lost the ability to proliferate, and senescent cells increase in almost all organs and tissues as we age. Over time, these changes ultimately lead to the development of significant comorbidities and the cumulative functional deficits we acquire during aging. However, senescent cells are metabolically active and can produce cytokines and inflammatory proteinsthe senescence-associated secretory phenotypefurther accelerating aging and promoting malignancy. FIGURE 1 illustrates the effect of age and insults on senescence.

Accumulation of senescent cells is implicated as a cause of tissue reprogramming, osteoporosis, glaucoma, neurodegeneration, type 2 diabetes, changes in the microbiome, immune system dysfunction, dysfunctional tissue repair and fibrosis, and cancer.3 Recent data have shown the potential role of chemotherapy and radiation therapy in accelerating aging. Nowhere is chemotherapys effect in accelerating aging more apparent than in children and adolescents treated successfully for childhood malignancy.4 In these patients, by the time they reach aged 35 years, approximately 30% have the clinical phenotype of a person aged 65 years, as evidenced by dramatic increases in cardiac disease and new second malignancies.

At the University of North Carolina Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, we have focused on the effects of chemotherapy and accelerated aging in cancer. To date, we have studied the effects of chemotherapy on childhood cancer, early breast cancer, and bone marrow transplantation. Our research has explored the role of p16INK4a expression, a robust marker of biologic aging, following on the work of Norman E. Ned Sharpless, MD, director of the National Cancer Institute. p16INK4a encodes for a protein that blocks cyclin-dependent kinase, analogous to the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors now used in breast cancer, including palbociclib (Ibrance), ribociclib (Kisqali), and abemaciclib (Verzenio), that prevent cells from entering the cell cycle.5 This leads to cellular senescence. In murine models, aging is associated with dramatic changes in p16INK4a expression in almost all organs over the animals lifespan.6 In human studies, p16INK4a expression is measured in T lymphocytes using a reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction as a surrogate for aging in other tissues. Studies of p16INK4a expression using other immunohistochemistry methods suggest changes in T cells represent mirror changes in other tissue, and further research in this area is underway.

The change in p16INK4a with aging is not linear, and after 60 years, it appears to plateau for unclear reasons.7 It is possible that those older persons who would have had high levels of p16INK4a expression have already died of age-related illness such as cardiovascular disease, and current studies are addressing this issue.

The large dynamic range of p16INK4a expressionapproximately 10-fold over the human lifespanmakes it an ideal biomarker for study. In healthy children and adolescents, p16INK4a expression is low to undetectable, with high levels appearing in older persons. FIGURE 2 shows the effect of age on p16INK4a expression in 594 patients. These data give p16INK4a expression the potential to be an accurate predictor of cell senescence in an individual patient.

For example, if one hypothesizes that senescent cells are less likely to replicate to ameliorate the adverse effects of chemotherapy (ie, myelosuppression or mucositis), then investigators might be able to accurately predict between 2 patients of the same ageone with high p16INK4a expression and one with lowthat the patient with higher expression would have less cellular reserve and be more vulnerable to adverse effects. Studies are underway to determine if p16INK4a expression measured before treatment will prove to be a predictive marker of toxicity for currently used adjuvant chemotherapy regimens.

Investigators have examined several hundred patients with early breast cancer and a smaller number with childhood cancer and after bone marrow transplantation, and they have found that most chemotherapy regimens cause rapid and sustained increases in p16INK4a expression. Changes are seen shortly and dramatically after beginning chemotherapy, persist over time, and are irreversible.5,8,9 In adolescents and young adults treated with chemotherapy, significant increases in p16INK4a expression were associated with frailty and represented a 35-year acceleration in age among frail young adult cancer survivors. These data mimic what has been clinically noted in large study of adults who had childhood cancer: Approximately one-third of young adults and childhood cancer survivors aged 35 years have a disease phenotype of a person aged 65 years.4 Our group has also found that p16INK4a expression rose markedly in patients treated with allogeneic or autologous stem cell transplants for hematologic malignancies. These patients had a 2- to 3-fold increase in p16INK4a expression corresponding to 16 to 28 years of accelerated aging.10

We have noted similar findings in women with early-stage breast cancer. In patients treated with adjuvant or neoadjuvant chemotherapy, especially with anthracycline-based regimens (doxorubicin, cyclophosphamide, and taxanes with or without carboplatin), p16INK4a expression rose dramatically during chemotherapy and persisted during follow-up. On average, chemotherapy accelerated aging by approximately 17 years of life span, with acceleration of 23 to 27 years for those treated with anthracycline-based treatment.

Of note, docetaxel/cyclophosphamide regimens were associated with only 11 years of aging, and we found no evidence that anti-HER2 therapy affected p16INK4a expression. In these studies, accelerated aging due to chemotherapy represents estimates based on the trajectory of p16INK4a expression in normal patients over their lifespan. We are uncertain of the long-term implications of these changes. In our breast cancer studies, baseline p16INK4a expression was also associated with fatigue. In a recent unpublished analysis (Mitin N, et al), the difference between a patients baseline p16INK4a expression and a normal value for a patient of the same agethe p16 gapwas highly predictive of chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy with taxane chemotherapy. We also found that baseline p16INK4a expression is a significant predictor of a p16 change, independent of age or chemotherapy type, with those patients having lower baseline p16INK4a expression being more likely to have greater changes with any chemotherapy regimen. The reasons for this are unclear, but patients of similar age with higher p16INK4a less ability to overcome tissue and organ damage. Not all chemotherapeutic agentsfor example, taxanes used as a single agentmay be associated with accelerated aging.11 More detailed studies of patients treated with different agents, including immunotherapeutic and other biologic therapies, and for different types of cancer are needed.

The long-term implications of changes in p16INK4a expression with chemotherapy are unknown, but our data suggest that higher levels may be indicators of frailty, a syndrome associate with increased comorbidity, poor quality of life, and shortened survival. p16INK4a expression has been associated with other diseases of aging, including cardiovascular disease, osteoporosis, and other common illnesses, and our chemotherapy-treated patients with accelerated aging may experience major problems 10 to 20 years after treatment, similar to young adults with cancer, and at a time when they are not likely to be followed by their oncologists.

However, these concerns should not mitigate the use of what has proven to be markedly effective treatment regimens that have dramatically improved overall survival in childhood cancer and breast cancer. It is too early to speculate, especially in breast cancer, whether nonanthracycline regimens with similar effectiveness to anthracyclines may be worth considering for patients with long life expectancy. The use of biomarkers in aging research, geroscience, is an exciting area of exploration, and p16INK4a expression is just one of the markers currently being studied.12 The implications of accelerated aging are being studied in other scenarios, and a broad range of studies are exploring interventions to ameliorate biological changes suggesting accelerated aging.

An excellent review of these issues and potential interventions is available13 and describes studies of exercise, diet and nutrition strategies, and senolytics. Learning about the effects of cancer treatment on aging is of major importance, as the clinical scenario of cancer is dominated by older adults who already may have a substantial comorbid illness at the time of diagnosis that might be accelerated by treatment. In children and young adults with cancer, learning how to assess and, in the future, intervene to prevent treatment-related accelerated aging is also a major need.

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Biomarkers Help Predict the Role of Chemotherapy in Biologic Aging - OncLive

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Stem cells are found in all human beings, from the initial stages of human growth to the end of life. All stem cells are beneficial for medical research; however, each of the different kinds of stem cells has both limitations and promise. Embryonic stem cells that can be obtained from a very initial stage in human development have the prospect to develop all of the cell types in the human body. Adult stem cells are found in definite tissues in fully developed humans. Stem cells are basic cells of all multicellular animals having the ability to differentiate into a wide range of adult cells. Totipotency and self-renewal are characteristics of stem cells. However, totipotency is seen in very early embryonic stem cells. The adult stem cells owes multipotency and difference flexibility which can be exploited for next generation therapeutic options. Recently, scientists have also recognized stem cells in the placenta and umbilical cord blood that can give rise to several types of blood cells. Research for stem cells is being undertaken with the expectation of achieving major medical inventions. Scientists are attempting to develop therapies that replace or rebuild spoiled cells with the tissues generated from stem cells and offer hope to people suffering from diabetes, cancer, spinal-cord injuries, cardiovascular disease, and many other disorders.

The stem cell therapy market is segmented on the basis of type, therapeutic applications, cell source, and geography. On the basis of type, the stem cell therapy market is categorized into allogeneic stem cell therapy and autologous stem cell therapy. Allogeneic stem cell therapy includes transferring the stem cells from a healthy person (the donor) to the patients body through high-intensity radiation or chemotherapy. Allogeneic stem cell therapy is used to treat patients who do not respond fully to treatment, who have high risk of relapse, and relapse after prior successful treatment. Autologous stem cell therapy is a type of therapy that uses the persons own stem cells. These type of cells are collected earlier and returned in future. The use of stem cells is done to replace damaged cells by high doses of chemotherapy, and to treat the persons underlying disease. On the basis of therapeutic applications, the stem cell therapy market is segmented into cardiovascular diseases, wounds and injuries, musculoskeletal disorders, gastrointestinal diseases, surgeries, neurodegenerative disorders, and others. On the basis of cell source, stem cells therapy is segmented into bone marrow-derived mesenchyme stem cells, adipose tissue-derived mesenchyme stem cells, and cord blood or embryonic stem cells

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By geography, the market for stem cell therapy is segmented into North America, Europe, Asia Pacific, Latin America, and Middle East & Africa. North America leads the stem cell therapy market owing to rising awareness among people, early treatment adoption, and new product innovations. Europe is the second leading market for stem cell therapy due to development and expansion of more efficient and advanced technologies. The Asia Pacific stem cell therapy market is also anticipated to grow at an increasing rate owing to increasing healthcare spending, adoption of western lifestyles, and growth in research and development. Asia Pacific is the fastest growing region for stem cell therapy as several players have invested in the development of new stem cell technologies. These factors are expected to drive the growth of the stem cell therapy market globally during the forecast period.

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The major player in the stem cell therapy market are Regenexx, Takara Bio Company, Genea Biocells, PromoCell GmbH, CellGenix GmbH, Cellular Engineering Technologies, BIOTIME, INC., Astellas Pharma US, Inc., AlloSource, RTI Surgical, Inc., NuVasive, Inc., JCR Pharmaceuticals Co., Ltd., Holostem Terapie Avanzate S.r.l., PHARMICELL Co., Ltd, ANTEROGEN.CO., LTD., The Future of Biotechnology, and Osiris Therapeutics, Inc. Rising demand for advanced stem cell therapies will increase the competition between players in the stem cell therapy market.

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Stem Cell Therapy Market Research Reveals Enhanced Growth During The Forecast Period 2017 2025 FLA News - FLA News

Spinal Cord Stem Cells Comments Off on Stem Cell Therapy Market Research Reveals Enhanced Growth During The Forecast Period 2017 2025 FLA News – FLA News | March 8th, 2021

The life-changing phone call came at 4:30 in the morning on Christmas Eve.

All of a sudden, Ashley Peddle went from making final preparations for the holiday season to planning cancer treatments that had to start within days.

The East Greenwich resident, 37, had been experiencing fatigue, shortness of breath and headaches for some time, but when her husband Ryan encouraged her to get checked out, she chalked it up to being a busy mother of four kids 10 and younger. Finally, in the week leading up to Christmas, her symptoms became too much to bear as she could not even climb the steps in her house and was falling asleep on the couch around dinnertime.

She saw a doctor and later some troubling results of blood tests led to the early-morning phone call to get to the hospital immediately.

We rushed right to the emergency room and in about an hour or two, our world was kind of rocked with the diagnosis of leukemia, Ryan Peddle says. (Penn Medicine) was great and started her treatment right away because the type of leukemia she has is very aggressive, so the sooner she started, the better.

Two months and two rounds of chemotherapy after being told she has acute myeloid leukemia, Peddles prognosis is good, her husband said, but she is not out of the woods yet. She recently returned home after a six-week hospital stay but will soon go back to receive a stem cell transplant, also known as a bone marrow transplant, which will help restore her bone marrow, produce healthy blood cells and strengthen her immune system. In turn, she will be better suited to fighting the leukemia and preventing a reoccurrence down the line.

The best donors for stem cell transplants are usually a family member such as a sibling, but if they are not a match, an unrelated volunteer whose tissue type matches that of the patient may be used. Not only have Ashley and Ryan become educated about the process throughout their ordeal, but so have a group of Ashleys friends, who decided to take action when they learned how badly donors are needed.

Shawn Keating, also of East Greenwich, took the lead and helped organize a drive-thru bone marrow registration event in Peddles honor, which will be held this Saturday, Feb. 20, from 10 a.m. until 2 p.m., at Samuel Mickle School, 559 Kings Highway, in Mickleton. Sponsored by Be The Match which runs the largest and most diverse bone marrow registry in the world to help people battling blood cancers like leukemia and lymphoma the event will allow adults between the ages of 18 and 44 to join the national list of potential donors.

Ashley Peddle was diagnosed with leukemia and is in need of a bone marrow transplant. A registration event is being held Feb. 20 from 10 a.m. until 2 p.m. at Samuel Mickle School, 559 Kings Highway, in Mickleton.

In addition to supporting Peddle, who she has become friends with through their childrens sports and school activities, Keating had two other reasons for getting involved.

Her kids are the same age as mine and when you see this happen to somebody, you realize it could happen to anybody, she said. The other thing was, I went to sign myself up for Be The Match and I realized that at one point I had already requested the kit and in the busyness of things, I must have forgotten to send it back. So I reached out to them, got to talking and thought this was the best option, especially for busy people. Its as easy as driving through, getting swabbed and being done. I just thought it would be an easier way to get as many people on the registry as possible.

Bree Amborn works for an organization called The Icla da Silva Foundation, which is a recruitment center for Be The Match, and she will be running Saturdays event. She said people can expect a simple process to getting registered, as they just need to fill out some forms on their phone and do a swab in each cheek for 10 seconds without even leaving their car.

Those who cannot attend but still want to join Be The Match can text PeddleStrong to the number 61474 or visit join.bethematch.org/PeddleStrong and have a kit mailed to their home. Amborn added that it is especially important to increase the numbers of donors in the African-American community, as Black patients chances of finding a match are only 23%, compared to 77% for white patients.

The need is super, super high to add more people and to work in diverse communities and increase those populations on the registry as well, she said, so if a patient is a person of color they have the same chances of finding their match as if the patient is white.

Amborn will be able to answer any questions people have on Saturday. She was actually a donor herself while in college; after signing up she found out she was a match for a 50-year-old woman battling myelofibrosis.

It was an extremely easy process and Be The Match was awesome, she said. They pay for everything, they organize everything and they schedule everything, and as the donor you just show up. Youre literally able to change someones life.

I think people have a misconception of how the donation process works, but 80% of the time the donation is actually taken from your bloodstream. It looks very similar to donating platelets, where you have a needle in each arm, they take blood out of one arm, they separate your stem cells from your blood and give you your blood back in the other arm. Theres a couple more steps to the process but thats really the basics. Youre awake the whole time and its not a surgery.

Keating is hopeful that when people hear that, their fears will disappear and they will be eager to register. She doesnt know what to expect for Saturdays turnout, predicting, we could get 50 people or we could get 300. But already the response in East Greenwich has been impressive, with more than 50 volunteers slated to be in attendance.

Some, like Keating and Jacqueline DAngelis, are bringing their teenaged children to help as well.

Like I told my daughter, we cant cure cancer, but we can certainly help others by collecting these swabs, said DAngelis, a neighbor of the Peddles who has known them for seven years.

Theres going to be a lot of people from our community out there this weekend to support Ashley and support this mission to increase that number. Ashley is such a wonderful part of the community and its nice to see how everyone can band together and try to make something good out of this difficult and trying situation for her family. Its nice to see so many families parents and their teenagers coming out to volunteer in the cold in the middle of a pandemic to do something nice.

Although the Peddles have been quarantining since Ashley returned home because her immune system is compromised, Ryan plans on stopping by the event and showing his appreciation for the volunteers and those joining the list.

I didnt know anything about the registry beforehand or else Id have been on it, he said. Thats one of the reasons were pushing this drive, to get as many people on the registry as we can. They may not help Ashley but theyll help someone just like her.

He said his wifes spirits have remained high during her treatment. One of the toughest parts was when she was in the hospital and could not get in-person visits from their daughter and three sons, ages 10, 8, 7 and 4. They were able to FaceTime frequently, however, for much-needed emotional support.

The family is also grateful for the outpouring of assistance from those around them.

Were honestly overwhelmed by the support weve received, Ryan said. Our kids are pretty active in sports and other activities in the township, and through that weve made a lot of really good friendships and met a lot of really great people. So many of them are stepping up, not only for this drive but to give blood, to donate platelets, to cook meals, to drop off little things for the kids like Valentines. Its just been overwhelming and we couldnt be more proud of the town we live in.

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N.J. mom of 4 has leukemia. A bone marrow registry is being held Saturday. - nj.com

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SASKATOON -- An effort to increase stem cell donors within Black communities across Canada is being driven by a group of women whove had difficulty finding full genetic matches themselves.

Genetic matches are crucial for patients in need of stem cell transplants, such as those with leukemia and lymphoma, and matches are more commonly found within their own racial, ethnic and ancestral groups.

But the new Black Donors Save Lives campaign notes that fewer than two per cent of those in the Canadian Blood Services stem cell donor registry are Black.

And that decreases their chance of finding a match, campaign lead Sylvia Okonofua told CTVNews.ca in a phone interview. It becomes a numbers game for Black people on the stem cell waiting list, where its like finding a needle in a hay stack for them.

The recent University of Regina biochemistry graduate, with sights on becoming a hematologist, timed the virtual campaign to kick off during Black History Month.

It was overall frustrating to know that a patient from my community is so much less likely than other patients to be helped, she told CTVNews.ca. When you see that your people have a really, really low chance of being helped out, it takes you aback.

Okonofua noted part of the campaign uses TikToks, shareable infographics, and even an original song to get the message out and reach a wide audience.

And she said part of the outreach involves having Black stem cell recipients talk about their experiences with the health-care system and speak to the historical mistrust the Black community has towards the medical community.

She founded her campus chapter of Stem Cell Club, a non-profit organization with chapters across Canada which recruits Canadians as potential stem cell donors.

Registration for Black Donors Save Lives can be done online, where participants between the ages of 17 to 35 can fill out a questionnaire and have a swab kit mailed to their address. After they swab the inside of their cheeks and send the sample back, if there is a person in need, 90 per cent of donors will be asked to donate stem cells very similar to the way a person would be giving blood.

But a big difference is the donor is given a growth hormone a week before donation in order to increase the number of stem cells, as well as the process taking four to six hours.

Alternatively, one out of 10 donors will be asked if theyd like to donate stem cells via bone marrow surgery, which can take place over a day.

In 2017, Reve Agyepong experienced firsthand the lack of Black stem cell donors, to treat her sickle cell disease, which involve red blood cells becoming misshapen, which can block blood vessels and lead to damage to bones, brain, kidneys, and lungs, and can ultimately be fatal.

But Agyepong, who was born in Edmonton to Ghanaian parents, was fortunate to receive a stem cell transplant from her sister.

It is such a blessing to have a match within your own family because the percentages are just so low, she told CTVNews.ca by email. I am so fortunate to have found a match in my family or else transplant would have been off the table for me.

In fact, only one in four patients who need a stem cell transplant are able to find a matched donor within their family, with Black patients being less than half as likely as white patients to find a unrelated person they match with on a donor registry, according to the campaign.

For Jamaican-Canadian Dorothy Vernon-Brown, who helped inspire this months campaign, the current efforts are deeply personal. In 2013, she was diagnosed with acute myeloid leukaemia and was heartbroken to discover there were no stem cell matches in Canada's registry or internationally.

She ultimately received stem cells from her sister, who was a half-match, and has been spreading information to Black Canadians ever since, through her own advocacy group, Donor Drive for Dorothy.

Stem cell transplantation is a miracle for patients, and I wish people knew how easy it is to be a stem donor, she recounted on a Twitter thread for another stem cell awareness campaign. You could give someone an opportunity like my sister gave me, to be around and live the life I want. People want to live, so if that gift is in your hands, I appeal to you to see it as something significant to do in your life.

Okonofua and Vernon-Browns efforts are being aided by Dr. Warren Fingrut, a hematologist whos the director of the aforementioned Stem Cell Club.

He told CTVNews.ca in an email hes seen firsthand far too many patients from ethnic and racial minority groups in situations where they dont have fully-matched donors and are forced to seek other treatments.

I find this heart wrenching and I am very motivated to work to address this, Fingrut said.

That led to him founding his non-profit a decade ago, which has gone on to recruit more than 20,000 Canadians as stem cell donors, with more than 55 per cent being non-white. But in cases such as Vernon-Brown and others, those figures need to be much higher.

We started running national campaigns last year, focused on the recruitment of diverse peoples as donors, as well as males who are also preferred by transplant physicians (all else being equal) as they are associated with better outcomes for patients, Fingrut explained.

The campaign is also being done in partnership with several other groups, including the Katelyn Bedard Bone Marrow Association, Black Physicians of Canada, Black Medical Students Association of Canada and the National Black Law Students Association of Canada.

This campaign is one example of an initiative in the health-care sector, which seeks to address racial disparity impacting the care of Black patients, he wrote, noting Black people face many such disparities in access to care, and we want to see others in the health-care sector working with Black Canadians to tackle these issues and address them, in collaboration with Black communities.

Okonofua hopes next Black History Month, theyll be able to have in-person swabbing events in places of worship, community hubs, and cultural gatherings to show how easy it is.

Fingrut said this the first time his group has specifically engaged with one racial group and hopes to expand it to other ethnic and racial communities including South Asians, Indigenous peoples, and those of mixed ancestry in the near future.

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Meet the women hoping to recruit more stem cells donors from Black communities - CTV News

Bone Marrow Stem Cells Comments Off on Meet the women hoping to recruit more stem cells donors from Black communities – CTV News | February 19th, 2021

In people with polycythemia vera (PV), the bone marrow produces too many blood cells. This overproduction can lead to complications, such as abnormal blood clotting, unusual bleeding, and an enlarged spleen.

In rare cases, scar tissue may replace the bone marrow. When this happens, the bone marrow can no longer produce enough healthy blood cells. Experts refer to this condition, which is a type of chronic leukemia, as myelofibrosis (MF). It can sometimes lead to acute myeloid leukemia, though this is rare.

People with PV have a shorter-than-average life expectancy. Some of the possible complications of the disease can be life threatening.

Getting treatment can help reduce the risk of certain complications from PV, including blood clots. As a result, a person will likely lead a longer and healthier life with this disease if they receive treatment.

According to an article in Blood Cancer Journal, the median survival time for people with PV is 14 years after diagnosis. The authors take this survival time from a study in which half of the participants were still alive 14 years after diagnosis.

Younger people tend to live for longer with the disease. Research suggests that the median survival time for those under 60 years of age is 24 years following diagnosis.

Multiple factors affect the outlook and life expectancy of people with PV, including:

Blood clots are the most common cause of death in people with PV. When blood clots form in blood vessels, they can block the flow of blood to vital organs. This can lead to life threatening complications, such as stroke, heart attack, and venous thrombosis.

Treatment for PV can help relieve symptoms and lower the risk of blood clots. In this way, it also reduces a persons risk of life threatening complications.

In most cases, healthcare providers prescribe regular blood draws to treat PV. Blood draws reduce the number of blood cells in the body, which may help improve blood flow.

Healthcare providers may also prescribe low dose aspirin to help prevent the formation of blood clots. Additionally, they may prescribe other medications, such as hydroxyurea (Hydrea) or busulfan (Myleran).

If a person develops MF as a complication of PV, their healthcare provider may prescribe one or more of the following treatments:

These treatments may help improve symptoms, increase life expectancy, or both.

For example, scientists have found that stem cell transplants may help improve long-term survival in people with MF. However, this treatment comes with a high risk of life threatening side effects. It is especially risky for older adults and people with other health conditions. As a result, healthcare providers often avoid prescribing this treatment.

Some studies have found that treatment with JAK inhibitors may also improve survival rates in people with MF. However, when scientists reviewed the available evidence on Jakafi and Inrebic, they found that the quality of evidence on survival rates is limited. More research is necessary to confirm how these treatments affect life expectancy.

Early research involving people with PV found that the median survival time for those who did not receive treatment was less than 2 years after diagnosis. This research took place before the medical community recognized blood draws as a treatment option, and it reflects the high risk of blood clots in people not receiving treatment.

People with PV who do not receive treatment are more likely to develop blood clots. According to the Leukemia & Lymphoma Society, 4060% of people with untreated PV may develop blood clots within 10 years of diagnosis.

Scientists have not yet developed a cure for PV. However, healthcare providers may prescribe blood draws, medications, or other treatments to help manage symptoms, reduce the risk of complications, and increase life expectancy in people with this disease.

Researchers are also continuing to develop and test potential new treatments for PV, such as the anticancer drug imatinib mesylate (Gleevec) and novel types of JAK inhibitors.

In some cases, a persons healthcare provider may encourage them to take part in a clinical trial. In this type of study, participants receive an experimental treatment. People interested in learning more about the potential benefits and risks of taking part in a clinical trial can talk with their healthcare provider or the researchers running the study.

When a person receives a diagnosis of PV, getting treatment is important. Treatment may help minimize symptoms, lower the risk of complications, and improve life expectancy.

A persons recommended treatment plan for PV will depend on many factors, including their age, overall health, and whether they have developed certain complications.

People with PV who wish to learn more about their treatment options and outlook should talk with their healthcare provider.

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Polycythemia vera life expectancy: With treatment and more - Medical News Today

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Novartis and the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation have partnered on a single-dose, in vivo gene therapy for sickle cell disease (SCD). The Foundation will offer funding for development of the therapy.

Existing gene therapy approaches to sickle cell disease are difficult to deliver at scale and there are obstacles to reaching the vast majority of those affected by this debilitating disease, said Jay Bradner, a hematologist and president of the Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research (NIBR). This is a challenge that calls for collective action, and we are thrilled to have the support of the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation in addressing this global unmet medical need.

The announcement comes only a day after bluebird bio announced that it has placed its Phase I/II and Phase III trial of LentiGlobin gene therapy for sickle cell disease (SCD) on temporary suspension. The cause is a Suspected Unexpected Serious Adverse Reaction (SUSAR) of acute myeloid leukemia (AML).

HGB-206 is the companys ongoing Phase I/II trial of LentiGlobin for SCD. It includes three cohorts, A, B and C. In Group C, a refined manufacturing process designed to increase vector copy number was used.

Group C also received LentiGlobin for SCD manufactured from hematopoietic (blood) stem cells (HSCs) collected from peripheral blood after mobilization with plerixafor, instead of by way of bone marrow harvest, which was the method used in Groups A and B.

HGB-210 is their ongoing Phase III single-arm open-label trial. It is evaluating efficacy and safety of LentiGlobin for SCD in patients between two years and 50 years of age with sickle cell disease.

Which underlines that even though gene therapy is making headway, it is still a cutting-edge technology.

SCD is a hereditary blood disease that affects millions of people globally, with more than 300,000 born with it each year. It primarily affects people of African descent, and sub-Saharan Africa bears about 80% of the disease burden. It affects the structure of red blood cells, causing a distinct sickle shape, which decreases the ability of red blood cells to transport oxygen efficiently.

Gene therapies might help end the threat of diseases like sickle cell, but only if we can make them far more affordable and practical for low-resource settings, said Trevor Mundel, president of Global Health at the Gates Foundation. Whats exciting about this project is that it brings ambitious science to bear on that challenge. Its about treating the needs of people in lower-income countries as a driver of scientific and medical progress, not an afterthought. It also holds the promise of applying lessons learned to help develop potentially curative options for other debilitating diseases affecting low-income populations, such as HIV.

Novartis also announced today that the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved the expanded indication for Entresto (sacubitril/valsartan) to decrease the risk of cardiovascular death and hospitalization for heart failure in adults with chronic heart failure. The biggest benefit was for patients with left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) below normal.

The expansion was based on data in the PARAGON-HF Phase III trial.

This approval is a significant advancement, providing a treatment to many patients who were not eligible for treatment before because their ejection fraction was above the region we normally considered reduced, said Scott Solomon, professor of Medicine at Harvard Medical School and Brigham and Womens Hospital, and PARAGON-HF Executive Committee co-chair. We can now offer a treatment to a wider range of patients who have an LVEF below normal.

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Novartis and Gates Foundation Team Up To Deliver Affordable Sickle Cell Gene Therapy - BioSpace

Bone Marrow Stem Cells Comments Off on Novartis and Gates Foundation Team Up To Deliver Affordable Sickle Cell Gene Therapy – BioSpace | February 19th, 2021

A desperate family is facing a nervous wait after a stem cell donor finally found to give their four-year-old daughter a new chance at life fell ill.

Little Adeline Davidson has been waiting more than two years for the procedure to treat a rare form of blood cancer, and several arrangements with donors have fallen through during that time.

The Alness youngster had been due to go under the knife in Glasgow this week after it appeared that the search for a match had eventually come to an end.

But the family encountered yet another setback as the procedure was cancelled when the stem cell donor fell ill.

Adelines parents Steph, 26, and Jordan, 28, say their daughters transplant now hangs in the balance as they face an agonising wait to find out what is wrong with the donor.

They say the plans could be thrown into disarray with top level talks and a possible world-first procedure required if tests show that the illness is Covid-related.

The family will only be able to find out the nature of the donors condition after he is operated on and the cells removed.

If the donor has coronavirus, a team of international surgeons will assemble to debate whether it would be safe for Adeline to undergo the transplant.

Mrs Davidson said: We have been waiting more than two whole years for our ill child to get a bone marrow transplant.

The hospital have told me that the donor has to donate, and then they release the information on the cause of his illness.

If it is Covid, that would mean they would have to ask international doctors and surgeons if they could go ahead.

They have never given a child thats Covid-negative marrow from someone who is Covid-positive.

If they decide not to proceed, we are back to looking for someone else to begin the search again, which is just a crazy, horrible thought. I dont even want to think about it.

Mrs Davidson added that she would consider going ahead even if the cells have come from someone with coronavirus.

She said: I think we have to go with the doctors word, but Id be so frightened.

We wouldnt have another choice though, unfortunately.

If they, as professionals, believe doing it would outweigh the risks, we would just have to believe that too.

Over the last two years, Adeline has endured around 85 blood transfusions, one anaphylactic shock and emergency helicopter and ambulance transfers to hospital.

Mrs Davidosn added: There is potential for even worse news but we just hope that it isnt Covid he has.

If it isnt Covid, then everything moves along as it was meant to be.

We are aware that on the register there was no-one else, so we were lucky this guy popped up.

If all goes well, Adeline will receive her transplant in four weeks.

The latest setback comes almost two years to the day since her transplant journey began.

In December, the family were dealt a devastating blow as health officials postponed her procedure, scheduled to take place in January, due to Brexit complications.

The four-year-old requires a specific type off marrow, processed by a centre outwith the UK, which is then brought to the country by road.

Life-saving transplant for Highland youngster postponed due to delays caused by Brexit

Early last year, the family were forced to turn to the register and launch a public appeal in search for multiple new donors due to an array of complications.

Mrs Davidson praised Adelines resilience but admits it breaks her heart to not be able to see her daughter progress onto school in August.

She said: The first year I was so positive lets get on with it, this needs done and I never thought why us?

I just thought we have so much to be grateful for and thankful for.

However, the whole of the second year, Im just thinking is someone messing with us because thats what it feels like.

She added: Adelines been so good. She hardly complains and I just think its because she has no idea whats shes missing, which is sort of a good thing but sad.

She is lucky thats shes an outgoing kid. She is behind, she has not socialised and although she is switched on, shes probably not as far on as her peers.

Even now, she should have been staring primary one in August this year but shes not even been to nursery. Its hellish.

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Heartbreak for family of cancer-stricken four-year-old as stem cell donor falls ill at last minute - Press and Journal

Bone Marrow Stem Cells Comments Off on Heartbreak for family of cancer-stricken four-year-old as stem cell donor falls ill at last minute – Press and Journal | February 19th, 2021

Stem cells are undifferentiated cells which are capable of differentiating into any type of cell that make-up the human body and thus, are capable of producing non-regenerative cells such as neural and myocardial cells.

Statistics:

The global stem cells market is estimated to account forUS$ 9,941.2 Mnin terms of value in2020and is expected to reachUS$ 18,289.9 Mnby the end of2027.

For More Information, Request a sample copy of the Business Report: https://www.coherentmarketinsights.com/insight/request-sample/4222

GlobalStem CellsMarket: Drivers

Approval and launch of new products is expected to propel growth of the global stem cells market over the forecast period. For instance, in December 2019, BioRestorative Therapies, Inc. received a Notice of Allowance on its patent application for a method of generating brown fat stem cells from Israeli Patent Office.

Moreover, increasing number of stem cell banking resource centers is also expected to aid in growth of the market. For instance, in March 2020, Stemlife Berhad, a cord blood bank in Malaysia, started a Stem Cell Banking Resource Center in Jerudong Park Medical Center, Brunei.

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Statistics:

Adult stem cells held dominant position in the global stem cells market in 2019, accounting for81.2%share in terms of value, followed by Human Embryonic Stem Cells and Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells, respectively

Figure 1. GlobalStem CellsMarket Share (%), by Value, by Cell Type, 2019.

GlobalStem CellsMarket: Restraints

High cost of stem cell therapy is expected to hinder growth of the global stem cells market. For instance, Bioinformant a research firm engaged in stem cell research, reported that the cost of stem cell therapy ranges between US$ 5,000-8,000 per patient and in some cases it may rise as much as US$ 25,000 or more depending on the complexity of the procedure.

Moreover, restrictions on research activities related to stem cells had hampered the growth of embryonic stem cells historically and resulted in its meager share in the total market in spite of its advantages over adult stem cells.

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GlobalStem CellsMarket: Opportunities

R&D in stem cell donation is expected to offer lucrative growth opportunities for players in the global stem cells market. For instance, in March 2020, researchers from Dankook University and Catholic University, South Korea, reported investigation of the types and degrees of physical and psychological discomfort experienced by hematopoietic stem cell donors before, during, and after the donation process.

Moreover, adoption of online distribution channel is also expected to aid in growth of the global stem cells market. For instance, The US Direct-to-Consumer Marketplace for Autologous Stem Cell Interventions, published in the journal Perspectives in Biology and Medicine, in 2018, the number of new stem cell businesses with websites doubled on average every year between 2009 and 2014, in the U.S.

The global stem cells market was valued atUS$ 9,112.0 Mnin2019and is forecast to reach a value ofUS$ 18,289.9 Mnby2027at aCAGR of 9.1%between2020 and 2027.

Figure 2. GlobalStem CellsMarket Value (US$ Mn), and Y-o-Y Growth (%), 2019-2027

Market Trends/Key Takeaways

Adoption of stem cells for the treatment of various diseases is expected to propel growth of the global stem cells market. For instance, in January 2020, researchers at University of Houston developed biologic cardiac pacemaker-like cells by taking fat stem cells and reprogramming them as an alternative treatment for heart conditions such as conduction system disorders and heart attacks.

Moreover, increasing investment in stem cell therapies is also expected to aid in growth of the market. For instance, in July 2018, the Emory Orthopaedics & Spine Center, in collaboration with Sanford Health, Duke University, Andrews Institute, and Georgia Institute of Technology, received US$ 13 million grant from the Marcus Foundation for a multicenter clinical trial studying stem cell options for treating osteoarthritis. The Phase 3 trial was initiated in March 2019, and is expected to complete by December 2021.

GlobalStem CellsMarket: Competitive Landscape

Major players operating in the global stem cells market include Advanced Cell Technology, Inc., Angel Biotechnology Holdings PLC, Bioheart Inc., Lineage Cell Therapeutics., BrainStorm Cell Therapeutics, Inc., California Stem Cell Inc., Celgene Corporation, Takara Bio Europe AB, Cellular Engineering Technologies, Cytori Therapeutics Inc., Osiris Therapeutics, and STEMCELL Technologies Inc.

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GlobalStem CellsMarket: Key Developments

Major players in the market are focused on adopting collaboration and partnership strategies to expand their product portfolio. For instance, in September 2018, STEMCELL Technologies signed an exclusive license agreement with Brigham and Womens Hospital for rights to commercialize technologies for the generation of human pluripotent stem cell-derived kidney organoids.

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Stem Cells Market to Inspire a Growth up to US$ 18289.9 Million at a 9.1% CAGR by 2027 - PharmiWeb.com

Cardiac Stem Cells Comments Off on Stem Cells Market to Inspire a Growth up to US$ 18289.9 Million at a 9.1% CAGR by 2027 – PharmiWeb.com | February 19th, 2021

We can absolutely cut the number of cancer deaths down so that one day in our lifetimes it can be a rare thing for people to die of cancer, said Patrick Hwu, MD, president and CEO of Moffitt Cancer Center in Florida and among gene therapys pioneers. It still may happen here and there, but itll be kind of like people dying of pneumonia. Its like, He died of pneumonia? Thats kind of weird. I think cancer can be the same way.

The excitement returned in spades in 2017 when the FDA signed off on a gene-therapy drug for the first time, approving the chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell treatment tisagenlecleucel (Kymriah; Novartis) for the treatment of B-cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia. At last, scientists had devised a way to reprogram a persons own T cells to attack tumor cells.

Were entering a new frontier, said Scott Gottlieb, MD, then the FDA Commissioner, in announcing the groundbreaking approval.

Gottlieb wasnt exaggerating. The growth in CAR T-cell treatments is exploding. Although only a handful of cell and gene therapies are on the market, FDA officials predicted in 2019 that the agency will receive more than 200 investigational new drug applications per year for cell and gene therapies, and that by 2025, it expects to have accelerated to 10 to 20 cell and gene therapy approvals per year.1

Essentially, you can kill any cancer cell that has an antigen that is recognized by the immune cell, Hwu said. The key to curing every single cancer, which is our goal, is to have receptors that can recognize the tumor but dont recognize the normal cells. Receptors recognizing and then attacking normal cells is what can cause toxicity.

Cell therapy involves cultivating or modifying immune cells outside the body before injecting them into the patient. Cells may be autologous (self-provided) or allogeneic (donor-provided); they include hematopoietic stem cells and adult and embryonic stem cells. Gene therapy modifies or manipulates cell expression. There is considerable overlap between the 2 disciplines.

Juliette Hordeaux, PhD, senior director of translational research for the University of Pennsylvanias gene therapy program, is cautious about the FDAs predictions, saying shed be thrilled with 5 cell and/or gene therapy approvals annually.

For monogenic diseases, there are only a certain number of mutations, and then well plateau until we reach a stage where we can go after more common diseases, Hordeaux said.

Safety has been the main brake around adeno-associated virus vector (AAV) gene therapy, added Hordeaux, whose hospitals program has the institutional memory of both Jesse Gelsingers tragic death during a 1999 gene therapy trial as well as breakthroughs by Carl June, MD, and others in CAR T-cell therapy.

Sometimes there are unexpected toxicity [events] in trials.I think figuring out ways to make gene therapy safer is going to be the next goal for the field before we can even envision many more drugs approved.

In total, 3 CAR T-cell therapies are now on the market, all targeting the CD19 antigen. Tisagenlecleucel was the first. Gilead Sciences received approval in October 2017 for axicabtagene ciloleucel (axi-cel; Yescarta), a CAR T-cell therapy for adults with large B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma. Kite Pharma, a subsidiary of Gilead, received an accelerated approval in July 2020 for brexucabtagene autoleucel (Tecartus) for adults with relapsed or refractory mantle cell lymphoma.

On February 5, 2021, the FDA approved another CD19-directed therapy for relapsed/refractory large B-cell lymphoma, lisocabtagene maraleucel (liso-cel; JCAR017; Bristol Myers Squibb). The original approval date was missed due to a delay in inspecting a manufacturing facility (see related article).

Idecabtagene vicleucel (ide-cel; bb2121; Bristol Myers Squibb) is under priority FDA review, with a decision expected by March 31, 2021. The biologics license application seeks approval for ide-cel, a B-cell maturation antigendirected CAR therapy, to treat adult patients with multiple myeloma who have received at least 3 prior therapies.2

The number of clinical trials evaluating CAR T-cell therapies has risen sharply since 2015, when investigators counted a total of 78 studies registered on the ClinicalTrials.gov website. In June 2020, the site listed 671 trials, including 357 registered in China, 256 in the United States, and 58 in other countries.3

Natural killer (NK) cells are the research focus of Dean Lee, MD, PhD, a physician in the Division of Hematology and Oncology at Nationwide Childrens Hospital. He developed a method for consistent, robust expansion of highly active clinical-grade NK cells that enables repeated delivery of large cell doses for improved efficacy. This finding led to several first-in-human clinical trials evaluating adoptive immunotherapy with expanded NK cells under an FDA Investigational New Drug application. He is developing both genetic and nongenetic methods to improve tumor targeting and tissue homing of NK cells. His eff orts are geared toward pediatric sarcomas.

The biggest emphasis over the past 20 to 25 years has been cell therapy for cancer, talking about trying to transfer a specific part of the immune system for cells, said Lee, who is also director of the Cellular Therapy and Cancer Immunology Program at Nationwide Childrens Hospital, at The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center Arthur G. James Cancer Hospital, and at the Richard J. Solove Research Institute.

The Pivot Toward Treating COVID-19 and Other Diseases

However, Lee said, NKs have wider potential. This is kind of a natural swing back. Now that we know we can grow them, we can reengineer them against infectious disease targets and use them in that [space], he said.

Lee is part of a coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) clinical trial, partnering with Kiadis, for off-the-shelf K-NK cells using Kiadis proprietary platforms. Such treatment would be a postexposure preemptive therapy for treating COVID-19. Lee said the pivot toward treating COVID-19 with cell therapy was because some of the very early reports on immune responses to coronavirus, both original [SARS-CoV-2] and the new [mutation], seem to implicate that those who did poorly [overall] had poorly functioning NK cells.

The revolutionary gene editing tool CRISPR is making its initial impact in clinical trials outside the cancer area. Its developers, Jennifer Doudna, PhD, and Emmanuelle Charpentier, PhD, won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2020.

For patients with sickle cell disease (SCD), CRISPR was used to reengineer bone marrow cells to produce fetal hemoglobin, with the hope that the protein would turn deformed red blood cells into healthy ones. National Public Radio did a story on one patient who, so far, thanks to CRISPR, has been liberated from the attacks of SCD that typically have sent her to the hospital, as well from the need for blood transfusions.4

Its a miracle, you know? the patient, Victoria Gray of Forest, Mississippi, told NPR.

She was among 10 patients with SCD or transfusion-dependent beta-thalassemia treated with promising results, as reported by the New England Journal of Medicine.5 Two different groups, one based in Nashville, which treated Gray,5 and another based at Dana-Farber Cancer Institute in Boston,6 have reported on this technology.

Stephen Gottschalk, MD, chair of the department of bone marrow transplantation and cellular therapy at St Jude Childrens Research Hospital, said, Theres a lot of activity to really explore these therapies with diseases that are much more common than cancer.

Animal models use T cells to reverse cardiac fibrosis, for instance, Gottschalk said. Using T cells to reverse pathologies associated with senescence, such as conditions associated with inflammatory clots, are also being studied.

Hordeaux said she foresees AAV being used more widely to transmit neurons to attack neurodegenerative diseases.

The neurons are easily transduced by AAV naturally, she said. AAV naturally goes into neurons very efficiently, and neurons are long lived. Once we inject genetic matter, its good for life, because you dont renew neurons.

Logistical Issues

Speed is of the essence, as delays in producing therapies can be the difference between life and death, but the approval process takes time. The process of working out all kinks in manufacturing also remains a challenge. Rapid production is difficult, too, because of the necessary customization of doses and the need to ensure a safe and effective transfer of cells from the patient to the manufacturing center and back into the patient.7

Other factors that can slow down launches include insurance coverage, site certification, staff training, reimbursement, and patient identification. The question of how to reimburse has not been definitively answered; at this point, insurers are being asked to issue 6- or even 7-figure payments for treatments and therapies that may not work.8

CAR T, I think, will become part of the standard of care, Gottschalk said. The question is how to best get that accomplished. To address the tribulations of some autologous products, a lot of groups are working with off -the-shelf products to get around some of the manufacturing bottlenecks. I believe those issues will be solved in the long run.

References

1. Statement from FDA Commissioner Scott Gottlieb, MD, and Peter Marks, MD, PhD, director of the Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research on new policies to advance development of safe and effective cell and gene therapies. News release. FDA website. January 15, 2019. https://www.fda.gov/news-events/press-announcements/statement-fda-commissioner-scott-gottlieb-md-and-peter-marks-md-phd-director-center-biologics. Accessed January 13, 2021.

2. Bristol Myers Squibb provides regulatory update on lisocabtagene maraleucel (liso-cel). News release. Bristol Myers Squibb; November 16, 2020. Accessed January 11, 2021. https://news.bms.com/news/details/2020/Bristol-Myers-Squibb-Provides-Regulatory-Update-on-Lisocabtagene-Maraleucel-liso-cel/default.aspx

3. Wei J, Guo Y, Wang Y. et al. Clinical development of CAR T cell therapy in China: 2020 update. Cell Mol Immunol. Published online September 30, 2020. doi:10.1038/s41423-020-00555-x

4. Stein R. CRISPR for sickle cell diseases shows promise in early test. Public Radio East. November 19, 2019. Accessed January 11, 2021. https://www.publicradioeast.org/post/crisprsickle-cell-disease-shows-promise-early-test

5. Frangoul H, Altshuler D, Cappellini MD, et al. CRISPR-Cas9 gene editing for sickle cell disease and -Thalassemia. N Engl J Med. Published online December 5, 2020. DOI: 10.1056/NEJMoa2031054

6. Esrick EB, Lehmann LE, Biffi A, et al. Post-transcriptional genetic silencing of BCL11A to treat sickle cell disease. N Engl J Med. Published online December 5, 2020. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa2029392

7. Yednak C. The gene therapy race. PwC. February 5, 2020. Accessed January 11, 2021. https://www.pwc.com/us/en/industries/healthindustries/library/gene-therapy-race.html

8. Gene therapies require advanced capabilities to succeed after approval. PwC website. Accessed January 11, 2021. https://www.pwc.com/us/en/industries/health-industries/library/commercializing-gene-therapies.html

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The Untapped Potential of Cell and Gene Therapy - AJMC.com Managed Markets Network

Cardiac Stem Cells Comments Off on The Untapped Potential of Cell and Gene Therapy – AJMC.com Managed Markets Network | February 19th, 2021

TOKYOand BOTHELL, Wash., Feb. 18, 2021 /PRNewswire/ --Astellas Pharma Inc. (TSE: 4503, President and CEO: Kenji Yasukawa, Ph.D., "Astellas") and Seagen Inc. (Nasdaq:SGEN) today announced completion of submissions for two supplemental Biologics License Applications (sBLAs) to the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for PADCEV (enfortumab vedotin-ejfv). One submission, based on the phase 3 EV-301 trial, seeks to convert PADCEV's accelerated approval to regular approval. The second submission, based on the pivotal trial EV-201's second cohort, requests an expansion of the current label to include patients with locally advanced or metastatic urothelial cancer who have been previously treated with a PD-1/L1 inhibitor and are ineligible for cisplatin.

The FDA is reviewing both applications under the Real-Time Oncology Review (RTOR) pilot program. The RTOR program aims to explore a more efficient review process to ensure that safe and effective treatments are available to patients as early as possible.

"The FDA's review of our applications under Real-Time Oncology Review supports our efforts to expand PADCEV's availability as a treatment option for more patients as quickly as possible," said Andrew Krivoshik, M.D., Ph.D., Senior Vice President and Oncology Therapeutic Area Head, Astellas. "Locally advanced or metastatic urothelial cancer is an aggressive disease with limited treatment options."

The sBLA for regular approval of PADCEV in the U.S. is supported by data from the global EV-301 phase 3 confirmatory trial, which compared PADCEV to chemotherapy in adult patients with locally advanced or metastatic urothelial cancer who were previously treated with platinum-based chemotherapy and a PD-1/L1 inhibitor. The trial's primary endpoint was overall survival of patients treated with PADCEV vs. chemotherapy, and full results were presented at the 2021 American Society of Clinical Oncology Genitourinary Cancers Symposium (ASCO GU) and published in the New England Journal of Medicine.[1]

The second submission, for a label expansion in the U.S., is based on results from the second cohort of EV-201, a pivotal phase 2 clinical trial evaluating PADCEV in patients with locally advanced or metastatic urothelial cancer who had received prior immunotherapy treatment but were not eligible for cisplatin. The trial's primary endpoint was objective response rate, and full results were presented at ASCO GU.[2]

"Advanced bladder cancer patients urgently need more treatment options," said Roger Dansey, M.D., Chief Medical Officer, Seagen. "Based on recently presented clinical trial results, PADCEV could address a significant unmet need for more patients with advanced urothelial cancer after initial immunotherapy treatment."

In 2019 PADCEV received accelerated approval in the U.S. for the treatment of adult patients with locally advanced or metastatic urothelial cancer who have previously received a PD-1/L1 inhibitor and a platinum-containing chemotherapy before (neoadjuvant) or after (adjuvant) surgery in a locally advanced or metastatic urothelial cancer setting. PADCEV is currently only approved for use in the U.S.

About the EV-301 TrialThe EV-301 trial (NCT03474107) is a global, multicenter, open-label, randomized phase 3 trial designed to evaluate enfortumab vedotin versus physician's choice of chemotherapy (docetaxel, paclitaxel or vinflunine) in approximately 600 patients with locally advanced or metastatic urothelial cancer who were previously treated with a PD-1/L1 inhibitor and platinum-based therapies. The primary endpoint is overall survival and secondary endpoints include progression-free survival, overall response rate, duration of response and disease control rate, as well as assessment of safety/tolerability and quality-of-life parameters.

About the EV-201 TrialThe EV-201 trial (NCT03219333) is a single-arm, dual-cohort, pivotal phase 2 clinical trial of enfortumab vedotin for patients with locally advanced or metastatic urothelial cancer who have been previously treated with a PD-1 or PD-L1 inhibitor, including those who have also been treated with a platinum-containing chemotherapy (cohort 1) and those who have not received a platinum-containing chemotherapy in this setting and who are ineligible for cisplatin (cohort 2). The trial enrolled 128 patients in cohort 1 and 91 patients in cohort 2 at multiple centers internationally. The primary endpoint is confirmed objective response rate per blinded independent central review. Secondary endpoints include assessments of duration of response, disease control rate, progression-free survival, overall survival, safety and tolerability.

About Urothelial CancerUrothelial cancer is the most common type of bladder cancer (90 percent of cases) and can also be found in the renal pelvis (where urine collects inside the kidney), ureter (tube that connects the kidneys to the bladder) and urethra.[3] Globally, approximately 549,000 new cases of bladder cancer and 200,000 deaths are reported annually.[4]

About PADCEV (enfortumab vedotin-ejfv)PADCEV was approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in December 2019 and is indicated for the treatment of adult patients with locally advanced or metastatic urothelial cancer who have previously received a programmed death receptor-1 (PD-1) or programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) inhibitor, and a platinum-containing chemotherapy before (neoadjuvant) or after (adjuvant) surgery or in a locally advanced or metastatic setting. PADCEV was approved under the FDA's Accelerated Approval Program based on tumor response rate. Continued approval for this indication may be contingent upon verification and description of clinical benefit in confirmatory trials.[5]

PADCEV is a first-in-class antibody-drug conjugate (ADC) that is directed against Nectin-4, a protein located on the surface of cells and highly expressed in bladder cancer.5,[6] Nonclinical data suggest the anticancer activity of PADCEV is due to its binding to Nectin-4 expressing cells followed by the internalization and release of the anti-tumor agent monomethyl auristatin E (MMAE) into the cell, which result in the cell not reproducing (cell cycle arrest) and in programmed cell death (apoptosis).5 PADCEV is co-developed by Astellas and Seagen.

PADCEV Important Safety Information

Warnings and Precautions

Adverse ReactionsSerious adverse reactions occurred in 46% of patients treated with PADCEV. The most common serious adverse reactions (3%) were urinary tract infection (6%), cellulitis (5%), febrile neutropenia (4%), diarrhea (4%), sepsis (3%), acute kidney injury (3%), dyspnea (3%), and rash (3%). Fatal adverse reactions occurred in 3.2% of patients, including acute respiratory failure, aspiration pneumonia, cardiac disorder, and sepsis (each 0.8%).

Adverse reactions leading to discontinuation occurred in 16% of patients; the most common adverse reaction leading to discontinuation was peripheral neuropathy (6%). Adverse reactions leading to dose interruption occurred in 64% of patients; the most common adverse reactions leading to dose interruption were peripheral neuropathy (18%), rash (9%) and fatigue (6%). Adverse reactions leading to dose reduction occurred in 34% of patients; the most common adverse reactions leading to dose reduction were peripheral neuropathy (12%), rash (6%) and fatigue (4%).

The most common adverse reactions (20%) were fatigue (56%), peripheral neuropathy (56%), decreased appetite (52%), rash (52%), alopecia (50%), nausea (45%), dysgeusia (42%), diarrhea (42%), dry eye (40%), pruritus (26%) and dry skin (26%). The most common Grade 3 adverse reactions (5%) were rash (13%), diarrhea (6%) and fatigue (6%).

Lab AbnormalitiesIn one clinical trial, Grade 3-4 laboratory abnormalities reported in 5% were: lymphocytes decreased (10%), hemoglobin decreased (10%), phosphate decreased (10%), lipase increased (9%), sodium decreased (8%), glucose increased (8%), urate increased (7%), neutrophils decreased (5%).

Drug Interactions

Specific Populations

For more information, please see the full Prescribing Information for PADCEV here.

About Astellas Astellas Pharma Inc. is a pharmaceutical company conducting business in more than 70 countries around the world. We are promoting the Focus Area Approach that is designed to identify opportunities for the continuous creation of new drugs to address diseases with high unmet medical needs by focusing on Biology and Modality. Furthermore, we are also looking beyond our foundational Rx focus to create Rx+ healthcare solutions that combine our expertise and knowledge with cutting-edge technology in different fields of external partners. Through these efforts, Astellas stands on the forefront of healthcare change to turn innovative science into value for patients. For more information, please visit our website athttps://www.astellas.com/en.

About Seagen Seagen Inc. is a global biotechnology company that discovers, develops and commercializes transformative cancer medicines to make a meaningful difference in people's lives. Seagen is headquartered in the Seattle, Washington area, and has locations in California, Canada, Switzerland and the European Union. For more information on our marketed products and robust pipeline, visit http://www.seagen.com and follow @SeagenGlobal on Twitter.

About the Astellas and Seagen CollaborationAstellas and Seagen are co-developing enfortumab vedotin under a collaboration that was entered into in 2007 and expanded in 2009.

Astellas Cautionary NotesIn this press release, statements made with respect to current plans, estimates, strategies and beliefs and other statements that are not historical facts are forward-looking statements about the future performance of Astellas. These statements are based on management's current assumptions and beliefs in light of the information currently available to it and involve known and unknown risks and uncertainties. A number of factors could cause actual results to differ materially from those discussed in the forward-looking statements. Such factors include, but are not limited to: (i) changes in general economic conditions and in laws and regulations, relating to pharmaceutical markets, (ii) currency exchange rate fluctuations, (iii) delays in new product launches, (iv) the inability of Astellas to market existing and new products effectively, (v) the inability of Astellas to continue to effectively research and develop products accepted by customers in highly competitive markets, and (vi) infringements of Astellas' intellectual property rights by third parties.

Information about pharmaceutical products (including products currently in development), which is included in this press release is not intended to constitute an advertisement or medical advice.

Seagen Forward Looking StatementsCertain statements made in this press release are forward looking, such as those, among others, relating to the potential conversion of PADCEV's current accelerated approval in the U.S. to regular approval and the potential expansion of the current PADCEV label to include patients with locally advanced or metastatic urothelial cancer who have been previously treated with a PD-1/L1 inhibitor and are ineligible for cisplatin, and the therapeutic potential of PADCEV, including its efficacy, safety and therapeutic uses. Actual results or developments may differ materially from those projected or implied in these forward-looking statements. Factors that may cause such a difference include, without limitation, the possibility that the sBLA submissions based on the EV-301 and EV-201 second cohort clinical trials may not be accepted for filing by, or ultimately approved by, the FDA in a timely manner or at all; that the results of the EV-301 clinical trial may not be sufficient to convert PADCEV's accelerated approval in the U.S. to regular approval and that the results of the second cohort of the EV-201 clinical trial may not be sufficient to support the requested label expansion; that, even if PADCEV receives regular approval and even if the PADCEV label is expanded based on the results of the second cohort of the EV-201 clinical trial, the product labeling may not be as broad or desirable as requested or anticipated; and that setbacks in the development and commercialization of PADCEV could occur as a result of the difficulty and uncertainty of pharmaceutical product development, the risk of adverse events or safety signals, the failure of ongoing and subsequent clinical trials to establish sufficient efficacy, or as a result of adverse regulatory actions. More information about the risks and uncertainties faced by Seagen is contained under the caption "Risk Factors" included in the company's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2020 filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission. Seagen disclaims any intention or obligation to update or revise any forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise, except as required by law.

[1]Powles T, Rosenberg J, Sonpavde G, et al. Primary Results of EV-301: A Phase 3 Trial of Enfortumab Vedotin vs Chemotherapy in Patients With Previously Treated Locally Advanced or Metastatic Urothelial Carcinoma. ASCO Meeting Library 2021. https://meetinglibrary.asco.org/record/194738/abstract. Accessed February 11, 2021.[2] Balar AV, McGregor B, Rosenberg J, et al. EV-201 Cohort 2: Enfortumab vedotin in cisplatin-ineligible patients with locally advanced or metastatic urothelial cancer who received prior PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors. ASCO Meeting Library 2021. https://meetinglibrary.asco.org/record/194731/abstract. Accessed February 11, 2021.[3]American Society of Clinical Oncology. Bladder cancer: introduction (5-2019). https://www.cancer.net/cancer-types/bladder-cancer/introduction. Accessed January 27, 2021.[4]Cancer today: data visualization tools for exploring the global cancer burden in 2020. https://gco.iarc.fr/today/home. Accessed January 27, 2021.[5]PADCEV [package insert] Northbrook, IL: Astellas Pharma Inc.[6]Challita-Eid P, Satpayev D, Yang P, et al. Enfortumab Vedotin Antibody-Drug Conjugate Targeting Nectin-4 Is a Highly Potent Therapeutic Agent in Multiple Preclinical Cancer Models. Cancer Res 2016;76(10):3003-13.

SOURCE Astellas Pharma Inc.

http://www.us.astellas.com

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Astellas and Seagen Announce Submission of Two Supplemental Biologics License Applications to the US FDA for PADCEV (enfortumab vedotin-ejfv) in...

Cardiac Stem Cells Comments Off on Astellas and Seagen Announce Submission of Two Supplemental Biologics License Applications to the US FDA for PADCEV (enfortumab vedotin-ejfv) in… | February 19th, 2021

LEXINGTON, Ky. Board of directors of Grayson-Jockey Club Research Foundation announced today that it has authorized expenditure of $1,638,434, the most that the foundation has ever allocated in a year, to fund 12 new projects at 12 universities, 12 continuing projects, and two career development awards worth $20,000 each. This marks the seventh straight year that more than $1 million has been approved. The 2021 slate of research brings Grayson-Jockey Club Research Foundations totals since 1983 to more than $30.6million to underwrite 396 projects at 45 universities.

We are heartened by the continued commitment of universities to supporting equine veterinary research throughout these difficult times and that we are able to distribute more funding than ever before, enabling us to help horses of all breeds and disciplines, said Dell Hancock, chair of Grayson.

Despite a challenging year, Grayson-Jockey Club was excited to receive 51 grant applications from a variety of veterinary institutions in North America as well as five other countries, said Dr. Stephen M. Reed, chair of Graysons research advisory committee. The subject matter is diverse and ranges from identifying new methods to treat and prevent infectious disease to development of computational models using big data to investigation of novel imaging techniques to prevent orthopedic injuries.

Below is an alphabetical list by school of the new projects:

Passive Immunization of Foals with RNA-AB against R Equi

Jeroen Pollet, Baylor College of Medicine

By inhalation therapy, we intend to deliver the genetic code for a protective antibody against Rhodococcus equi into the lung cells of newborn foals, to rapidly protect them against infection.

Hyperthermia and Acidosis in Exertional Muscle Damage

Michael Davis,Oklahoma State University

This project will identify an underlying cause of exercise-associated muscle fatigue and soreness and allow trainers to more precisely condition horses with fewer training days lost to muscle soreness.

Developing an Improved Serological Test for Strangles

Noah Cohen, Texas A&M

We propose to develop a more accurate blood test to identify horses infected with the bacterium that causes strangles to improve control and prevention of strangles.

Mitigation of Equine Recurrent Uveitis through SOCS

Joseph Larkin, University of Florida

We seek to design a topical eye drop, using a natural protein, which helps to prevent pain and blindness associated with equine recurrent uveitis.

Environmental Origins of Equine Antimicrobial Resistance

Brandy Burgess, University of Georgia

This study will elucidate how antimicrobial resistance and virulence determinants are shared among horses and hospital environment, as well as the role antimicrobial exposure plays at this interface.

Treatment of Joint Injury with Mesenchymal Stromal Cells

Thomas Koch, University of Guelph

Evaluation of equine umbilical cord blood-derived mesenchymal stromal cells to treat joint injuries in horses.

Optimizing Bone Growth to Reduce Equine Fracture

Mariana Kersh, University of Illinois UrbanaChampaign

Reduction in distal limb fractures through exercise in young horses would have a significant positive impact on horse welfare and the economics and public perception of the horse industry.

New Generation Equine Influenza Bivalent VLP Vaccine

Thomas Chambers, University of Kentucky

We propose to create a novel, safe and effective vaccine for equine influenza based on the 21st-century technology of noninfectious virus-like particles produced in plants.

Injury Prediction from Stride Derived Racing Load

Chris Whitton, University of Melbourne

By studying patterns in bone fatigue accrual over time in racehorses, we will better, and earlier, identify horses at risk of limb injury, facilitating timely evidence based preventative strategies.

Predicting Exercising Arrhythmias with Resting ECGs

Molly McCue, University of Minnesota

We will use at rest ECGs to identify horses with irregular heart rhythms at exercise that can cause sudden cardiac death (SCD), allowing for increased monitoring and improved understanding of SCD.

Understanding and Preventing Supporting Limb Laminitis

Andrew Van Eps,University of Pennsylvania

We aim to make supporting limb laminitis preventable through analysis of archived model tissues, a multi-center limb motion study of horses at risk, and development of a prototype therapeutic device.

Diagnosis of Incipient Condylar Stress Fracture

Peter Muir,University of Wisconsin-Madison

This study will save the lives of racehorses by establishing screening using fetlock CT for diagnosis of horses with a high risk of imminent serious injury for personalized clinical care.

The Storm Cat Career Development Award, inaugurated in 2006, grants $20,000 to an individual considering a career in equine research.This years recipient is Dr. Callum G. Donelly of the University of California, Davis. Dr. Donelly has completed his residency program and is in a research training position under the mentorship of Dr. Carrie Fino. His project, Proteomic Investigation of Equine Spinal Ataxia, is expected to identify novel protein biomarkers that differentiate normal horses from those with spinal ataxia, with high sensitivity and specificity.

The Elaine and Bertram Klein Career Development Award was first awarded in 2015 and grants $20,000 to a prospective equine researcher. This years recipient is Dr. Aileen Rowland of Texas A&M University. Dr. Rowlands research focuses on the efficacy of xenogeny-free mesenchymal stem cells for osteoarthritis.

We are pleased to continue our funding of two career development awards to support individuals passionate about equine research, said Dr. Johnny Mac Smith, consultant to the research advisory committee. Dr. Donelly and Dr. Rowland are worthy recipients of these grants, and I look forward to seeing how their current and future projects contribute to improving equine health in the future.

Details on the new projects are available at the following link:grayson-jockeyclub.org/default.asp?section=2&area=Research&menu=2.

Grayson-Jockey Club Research Foundation is traditionally the nations leading source of equine research funding. The projects it supports enhance the health and safety of horses of all breeds. Additional information about the foundation is available atgrayson.jockeyclub.org.

Press Release

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Grayson-Jockey Club Research Foundation Board approves record funding for Equine Research - Past The Wire

Cardiac Stem Cells Comments Off on Grayson-Jockey Club Research Foundation Board approves record funding for Equine Research – Past The Wire | February 19th, 2021

A cross section of mouse small intestine, showing intestinal crypts and villi, is visualized with immunofluorescence microscopy (nuclei in red, and F-actin, which marks the cytoskeleton, in blue). Intestinal stem cells reside at the base of crypts, where they maintain cell turnover.

Tissues with high intrinsic turnover, such as the skin and intestinal lining, rely on resident stem cells, which generate all native cell types. Intestinal stem cells (ISCs) are highly sensitive to damage, although they recover quickly. It is unclear whether this recovery (i.e., regeneration) occurs from less sensitive pools of reserve stem cells (1) or whether ISC progeny undergo reverse differentiation into stem cells (2). Recent studies in diverse organs highlight that dedifferentiation of specified cell types is a pervasive and dominant means for tissue regeneration. The findings have broad implications because all tissues experience some cell attrition over a lifetime, and knowing how tissues replenish those losses may help in preventing or treating organ failure. Moreover, it remains unclear whether incomplete differentiation, a common feature of cancer, reflects normal tissue plasticity, and it is unclear whether stem cells that arise by dedifferentiation may spawn cancers.

ISCs expressing leucine-rich repeatcontaining G proteincoupled receptor 5 (Lgr5) lie at the bottom of small bowel crypts (3). In the course of homeostatic tissue turnover, their immediate progeny adopt alternative enterocyte or secretory fates, then fill the crypts with replicating progenitors that migrate away from ISCs. Cell division ceases at the crypt tops, where postmitotic cells begin a 3- to 5-day journey along intestinal villi. When ISCs sustain irreparable damage, some source in the crypt must regenerate new ISCs. Other adult epitheliasuch as airways, prostate, and liverare organized differently from the intestine and from each other (see the figure). These epithelia also restore cells lost by damage or attrition, even though at rest they turn over at least a hundred times more slowly than the intestinal lining.

Airway epithelial structure varies from trachea to small bronchioles, and distinct progenitors in different segments produce assorted secretory and ciliated cell types. In the lining of human and mouse upper airways, flat basal cells lie beneath a layer of columnar differentiated cells and adjacent to submucosal myoepithelial glands. Stem cell activity in normal tissue turnover maps to a subpopulation of keratin 5 (Krt5)expressing basal cells (4). The trachea and bronchi are vulnerable to diverse injuries, including targeted destruction of Krt5+ stem cells and pervasive mucosal damage from noxious inhalants or viruses.

Adult human and mouse prostate glands also contain columnar luminal and flat KRT5+ basal cells. Distinct unipotent progenitors maintain both populations, and castration induces massive luminal cell loss. Androgen reexposure restores prostate mass within weeks, which implies the presence of castration-resistant progenitors. However, an unequivocal stem cell pool has not been identified. The liver also has notable regenerative abilities after chemical or surgical injury. The emerging consensus is that this organ lacks a dedicated stem cell compartment and recovers from damage through dedifferentiation of mature hepatocytes and biliary cells (5, 6).

Stem cell activity in vivo is demonstrated most persuasively by introducing into a tissue a permanent color or fluorescent label whose expression depends on Cre recombinasemediated excision of a STOP cassette. When Cre activity is restricted to stem cells, all the progeny of those cells exclusively carry the label. ISCs and tracheal stem cells were thus identified because targeted Cre activity in LGR5+ or KRT5+ mouse cells labeled the respective full lineages (3, 4). Investigation of tissue regeneration requires ablation of a stem cell compartment, followed by tracking of the restored ability to produce sufficient numbers of all native stem cell progeny. The canon of tissue repair rests heavily on such lineage-tracing experiments, but one limitation is that Cre recombinase is not often confined to a single defined cell type. This challenge lies at the heart of competing models for tissue recovery after lethal cell injuries.

Dividing cells take up labels such as [3H]thymidine or fluorescent histone 2B and shed these labels as they replicate further or their daughters die. In the intestine, however, rare cells located near the fourth tier from the crypt base retain [3H]thymidine for weeks. Given once-popular ideas that stem cells must be few in number and retain one immortal DNA strand when they replicate, +4 label-retaining cells (LRCs) were described as ISCs. In support of that idea, lineage tracing from Bmi1, a locus thought to be restricted to nonreplicating +4 LRCs, elicited an ISC-like response in vivo (7).

Physiologic cell turnover and recovery from injury occur from different cellular sources in diverse epithelia (intestine, upper airway, and prostate gland). Homeostatic turnover is driven by the stem cell pool, and tissue restoration from injury occurs through transient expansion and dedifferentiation of specified mature cells.

To reconcile the evidence for ISC properties in both LGR5+ crypt base columnar cells (CBCs) and +4 LRCs, researchers postulated that abundant CBCs serve as frontline ISCs, whereas the smaller +4 LRC population contains dedicated reserves. Indeed, intestinal turnover is unperturbed when LGR5+ CBCs are ablated because other crypt cells' progeny continue to repopulate villi and an LGR5+ ISC compartment is soon restored (1). Multiple candidate markers of +4 LRCs that regenerate ISCs after injury have been proposed (8). Although these cells are too few to explain the typical scale and speed of ISC restoration, the prospect of two stem cell pools carried the additional allure of a sound adaptive strategy in a tissue that requires continuous self-renewal.

ISC differentiation is, however, not strictly unidirectional. Cre expression in absorptive or secretory cell types tags those cells selectively, but upon ablation of LGR5+ CBCs, the label appears throughout (9). These observations imply that differentiated daughter cells have reverted into ISCs. Moreover, Bmi1 expression was found to mark differentiated crypt endocrine cells (10), and putative +4 markers are expressed in many crypt cells including LGR5+ CBCs. Accordingly, when Cre is expressed from these loci, the traced lineage might simply reflect CBC activity in resting animals and reverse differentiation of crypt cells after ISC ablation. But is dedifferentiation a rare and physiologically inconsequential event or the predominant mode of stem cell recovery? Dedifferentiation may obviate the need to invoke a dedicated reserve population, or it is possible that ISC recovery may reflect both dedifferentiation and contributions from a reserve stem cell population.

To investigate these issues, researchers activated a fluorescent label in LGR5+ CBCs and waited for this label to pass into progeny cells before ablating CBCs (11). Thus, only the CBCs that recover by dedifferentiation should be labeled, and any cells arising from reserve ISCs should not. Nearly every restored crypt and CBC was fluorescent, with substantial contributions from both enterocytes and secretory cells (11). Cells captured early in the restorative process coexpressed mature-cell and ISC genes, which is compatible with recovery by dedifferentiation. Another study found that damaged ISCs are reconstituted wholly by the progeny of LGR5+ CBCs (8). Thus, dedifferentiation would seem to be the principal mode of ISC regeneration, and prior conclusions about +4 ISCs likely reflect unselective Cre expression.

Different tissues might deploy distinct regenerative strategies, and recent studies in mouse airway, prostate, intestinal, and liver epithelia provide insightful lessons. After ablation of KRT5+ airway stem cells, specified secretory and club cell precursors were found to undergo clonal multilineage expansion and accounted for up to 10% of restored KRT5+ cells in vivo (12). Chemical or viral damage was subsequently reported to induce migration and dedifferentiation of submucosal gland myoepithelial cells into the basal layer to reconstitute the surface lining, including KRT5+ stem cells (13). Thus, dedifferentiation into native stem cells occurs upon injury to both airway and intestinal linings in mice.

Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) analysis of mouse prostate glands recently revealed distinct gene expression profiles in 3% of luminal cells, which are more clonogenic than others, express putative stem cell markers, and hence qualify as a pool enriched for native stem-like cells (14). After androgen reexposure following castration, however, the scale and distribution of cell replication and the location of restored clones were incompatible with an origin wholly within that small pool. Rather, the principal source of gland reconstitution in vivo, including new KRT5+ basal cells, was the dominant population of differentiated luminal cells (14). These observations parallel those in the liver, where recovery of organ mass after tissue injury occurs by renewed proliferation of mature resting hepatocytes (5), abetted by expansion of bile duct cells that transdifferentiate into hepatocytes (6). Cell plasticity is thus widespread, whether tissues have or lack native stem cell compartments.

Reverse differentiation in the intestine, airways, and prostate gland was generally observed after near-total elimination of resident stem or luminal cells, an extreme and artificial condition. However, several observations suggest that this dedifferentiation reflects a physiologic process designed to maintain a proper cell census. Contact with a single KRT5+ airway stem cell prevents secretory and club cell dedifferentiation in vitro (12), and tracheal submucosal glands exhibit limited stem cell activity even in the absence of injury (13). Live imaging of intestinal crypts reveals continuous and stochastic exit from and reentry into the ISC compartment (15), implying that barriers for differentiation or dedifferentiation are inherently low. However, the primary purpose of dedifferentiating airway, intestinal, liver, and prostate cells is not to enable tissue recovery. Therefore, they should be regarded as facultative stem cells; that is, they have other physiologic functions and realize a latent stem cell capacity only under duress.

This distinction from reserve stem cells is not merely semantic. Emphasis in regenerative therapy research belongs on any cell population with restorative potential; in vivo findings now direct attention away from putative reserve cells and toward dedifferentiation as a common means for tissue recovery. The absence of dedicated reserves and the inherent cellular ability to toggle between stem and differentiated states also inform cancer biology. Because mutations realize oncogenic potential only in longlived cells, both frontline and reserve stem cells represent candidate sources of cancer, in contrast to differentiated cells, which are generally short-lived. However, oncogenic mutations that arise in differentiated cells could become fixed upon dedifferentiation, thus enabling tumor development.

Notably, stem cell properties and interconversion with their progeny are not stereotypic. ISCs divide daily into two identical daughters, whereas hematopoietic stem cell replication is infrequent and asymmetric. Severe loss of blood stem cells does not elicit substantial dedifferentiation and is rescued only by adoptive stem cell transfer. Immature secretory precursors dedifferentiate more readily than terminally mature airway cells (12), whereas fully differentiated cells fuel liver and prostate regeneration. Cell plasticity in each case is determined by local signals. Unknown factors from KRT5+ tracheal stem cells, for example, suppress secretory cell dedifferentiation (12), and specific factors secreted from the prostate mesenchyme stimulate luminal cell dedifferentiation (14). The intestinal mesenchyme probably senses ISC attrition to trigger tissue recovery, but the spatial and molecular determinants remain unknown. Outstanding challenges are to identify the signaling pathways that ensure a stable cell census and to harness diverse regenerative responses to ameliorate acute tissue injuries or prevent organ failure. Knowing the cellular basis for stem cell recovery in different contexts brings us closer to those goals.

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Tissue regeneration: Reserve or reverse? - Science Magazine

Skin Stem Cells Comments Off on Tissue regeneration: Reserve or reverse? – Science Magazine | February 19th, 2021

Heres a fun fact about rosehip oil: it does not smell like roses. It does, however, heal. Known as the Himalayan musk rose, this wild flowering plant has only five petals, says Roshni Laura George, who discovered the elusive bloom during her honeymoon in Kashmir, as she was researching medicinal plants through the country in the remotest parts of the valley. Every May, the musk rose bushes burst into bloom, covering trees, tumbling over cliffs and blanketing the earth with their heady scent. The hip, a powerhouse of essential nutrients, is what is left once the petals fall. Thats where the oil is extracted from, explains George, who preserved this juice in Timekeeper, a vivid amber face oil that launched her skincare brand, Rasula. We do not bleach, colour or deodorise our rosehip oil as this would deplete its natural goodness. The oil is hardly oily, the red lingers for just a few seconds before your skin drinks it up, and its nutty smell is so distinct that you can only assume it came from the roses hip. George promised it would become my one-step skincare routine (followed by sunscreen in the day, of course) and my combination-dehydrated- acne-prone-moody skin might agree.

Rosehip oil can handle the fussiest skin types. Two reasons: vitamin F and beta carotene. Vitamin F is an essential fatty acid, rich in omega-6, which produces ceramide 1, a key part of a healthy skin barrier. Beta carotene is an antioxidant that gives the oil its rich orange hue. It can neutralise free radicals from the environment, protect against UVA damage, reduce oxidative stress, and enhance the appearance of skin. Essential fatty acids in the rosehip oil are absorbed by the skin to regenerate collagen and elastin fibres that keep the skin firm and youthful, explains George. In short, it helps your skin fight for itself.

George aimed to create category-defining natural skincare for photo-aged skin. Three years of research working closely with leading institutions like IIM Jammu and the Council of Scientific and Industrial Research in Bengaluru, led to Rasula, a clean beauty brand that comes without parabens, SLS, and artificial fragrance, among other nasties. Rasulas products are handcrafted and packed by hand in recyclable glassware, and its rosehip is hand-picked from the Himalayan Range by the local women of Kashmir. While common extraction practices include cold-pressing, George took a more expensive, environmentally friendly approach to ensure her oil was more concentrated, cleaner and superior, with a longer shelf life. We flush supercritical CO2 under high pressure through the seeds, which gently removes the oil, explains George. And if youre still not convinced, know this: rosehip oil is the most inclusive ingredient in skincare. Suitable for all skin types and age groups, including pregnant women and children, the oil helps eradicate a host of skin issuesscars, burns, fine lines, stretch marks, acne, dryness, sensitivity, sun damage, uneven skin tone, age spots, eczema and more. Most importantly, it is gender-neutral, says George.

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Heres why natural ingredients and science-backed formulations are the perfect combination - Vogue India

Skin Stem Cells Comments Off on Heres why natural ingredients and science-backed formulations are the perfect combination – Vogue India | February 19th, 2021

MANILA, Philippines Breach. Reanimate. Create. This is the mantra behind La Prairies Platinum Rare Haute Rejuvenation Protocol, a new anti-aging product that is the Swiss luxury skincare brands most groundbreaking innovation yet.

La Prairie sought to go beyond skin renewal, and for the first time, we will create new skin tissue, says Dr. Daniel Stangl, La Prairies director of innovation.

This ultimate path to rejuvenation has been designed to work in three steps: breach the skin barrier, reanimate cells, and create new skin tissue.

As the first step, and in analogy to (La Prairie founder) Dr. Paul Niehans cellular therapy, the formula temporarily softens the skin barrier in order to optimally deliver the active ingredients into the skin and enhance the full potential, Stangl says.

In the second step, Platinum Rare Haute Rejuvenation Protocol reanimates cells in all skin layers, specifically stem cells and differentiated cells, which make up the majority of skin cells.

To reanimate these cells, the formula of the serum contains an exclusive platinum multi-peptide combined with two essential growth factors and La Prairies exclusive Cellular Complex. These highly potent active ingredients reanimate stem cells to produce new cells and differentiated cells to synthesize a new extracellular matrix, including fibers of collagen and elastin, as well as the hyaluronic acid, Stangl continues.

Thirdly, as a result of breaching the skins barrier and reanimating cells, La Prairie creates new skin tissue. The creation of new skin tissue in all skin layers is the fundamental process of rejuvenation, Stangl says. It literally infuses the skin with youth, improving all signs of aging as never seen before.

The product is designed as a month-long protocol, consisting of three vials. One vial is used for 10 days, day and night. After this month-long phase of intense rejuvenation, the skin needs time to re-equilibrate, notes Stangl. We therefore recommend using it for one month, four times a year.

The unique packaging includes a mini pedestal on which you put the jewel-toned vial and twist it, releasing clouds of product that you then shake to mix into a fresh serum. It displays La Prairies merging of art and science at its finest, giving its clientele the most luxurious, magical experience.

La Prairies Platinum Rare Haute Rejuvenation Protocol will be on counter at Rustans The Beauty Source on Feb. 25.

Light and cooling: Kiehls Ultra Facial Oil-free Gel Cream

One of Kiehls hero products has always been its Ultra Facial moisturizer, which can hydrate even the driest of skins. In the tropical Philippines, however, that formula might be too rich, especially for people with oily, acne-prone skin.

So now Kiehls has formulated Ultra Facial as an oil-free gel cream, a lightweight, cooling moisturizer thats perfect for our humid weather, especially in the coming summer months. Glacial glycoprotein Antarcticine hydrates skin for 24 hours, while Micronized Amino Acid helps regulate excess oil for shine control, so its suited to those with oily and combination skin who have a tendency to break out with maskne, like I do. I also love that its fragrance-, alcohol- and paraben-free.

He hearts her: Nars Claudette Collection was inspired by Francois Nars mother and first muse.

Nars limited-edition Claudette Collection is Francois Nars tribute to his mother and very first muse, Claudette, and the bohemian spirit of Paris Rive Gauche (Left Bank) in the 70s. The prints on the packaging were inspired by the prints on the dresses his mom used to wear.

Claudettes eyeshadow palette, St. Germain Des Prs, is filled with six warm, neutral shades in matte, satin and shimmer finishes. You cant go wrong with the neutrals in this palette, which are so subtle and wearable youll always end up with an elegant look, no matter which color or combination you use.

Nars cult-favorite satin Audacious lipstick comes in four shades named after his mom Claudette is a striking rust red and the other inspiring women in his life, grandmothers La and Ginette.

New to Audacious is a Sheer Matte formula with a soft-focus finish and medium-sheer coverage: Sandrine is a scarlet red; Sylvie is a berry red, and they feel so comfy and soft on the lips.

The Claudette Collection is available at Nars boutiques and Rustans The Beauty Source.

Dress your lips: Rouge Dior comes in 75 shades and new, refillable logo cases.

Christian Diors most iconic lipsticks have been released in modern, refillable packaging, and ultra-flattering finishes.

Rouge Dior 999 Velvet is a crimson-red born from the first two lipsticks launched by Christian Dior 9 and 99 and 100 Nude Look, a reinterpretation of the greige new look of 1947. (The other two icons are 080 Red Smile, one of the first reds Dior created in 1950 thats been reinvented as an intensely luminous red; and 525 Chrie, a rosewood nude whose name conveys Diors love of women and his muses.)

The legendary fashion designer not only wanted to dress women but also their smiles, so he created his first couture lipstick in 1953, eventually releasing it in over a thousand shades. Ever the visionary, Rouge Dior was already sustainable back then, as the lipsticks came in refillable cases.

Today, Peter Philips, the creative and image director for Dior Makeup, has resurrected 75 shades in new, refillable logo cases, and satin, matte, velvet and metallic finishes to flatter all skin tones.

Flowers always inspired Dior, so the formula has been enriched with floral, lip-care ingredients like red peony and pomegranate blossom extract.

Rouge Dior is available at Dior boutiques and SM Makati.

Beauty bargains: Get discounts on beloved brands at Shopee Beauty.

I love Shopee for its amazing deals and steals, so I was really excited to learn that the e-tailer has launched Shopee Beauty, a one-stop online destination for the best deals from top makeup and skincare brands.

You can find well-established, beloved brands such as Dove, TRESemm, and Cream Silk, as well as exciting finds from up-and-coming brands like Face Republic, Beauty Avenue, Teviant, and Seoul White Korea.

Brands will curate based on the latest makeup trends, and recommend products based on your needs. Youll also get fun tutorials from their favorite Shopee KOLs, product reviews, makeup tips, and giveaways on Shopee Live.

But face it: we love the bargains, right? Aside from free shipping vouchers, limited-time deals and exclusive product launches, until March 24 theyre giving discounts of up to 90 percent off on their go-to lippies, mascaras, and skincare brands.

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The ultimate path to skin rejuvenation - Philstar.com

Skin Stem Cells Comments Off on The ultimate path to skin rejuvenation – Philstar.com | February 19th, 2021

CLEVELAND, Feb. 19, 2021 /PRNewswire/ -- Paulette Kaplan noticed something different as she entered into her 50s. Her skin was now dryer, and looked older than just a couple years earlier. Looking at her cabinet full of products that were supposed to work, she thought, "Nothing really works well."

As a skincare advocate, she began to consider creating her own line exclusively for the needs of the 50-plus.

In an industry obsessed with youth, Paulette found there to be a tremendous lack of skincare products made for this market.

According to an AARP national survey, "Women over age 50 make a big investment of time and money on beauty and personal grooming products, spending a whopping $22 billion annually, yet they still think that the beauty industry ignores them as they age."

Paulette was determined and began her search and discovered that some ingredients could be damaging to how skin looks and cause inflammation that works against the skin's ability to heal.

She did not want to make more 'anti-aging' potions. Or use unhealthy ingredients but to offer a clean and nourishing age perfect skincare line that would strengthen mature skin.

Trupure Organics was born with the help of scientists, chemists, and multiple formulas. A100% natural plant-based line using stem cells, bio-retinol, extracts, peptides, oils and juices. Their TruPurity promise excludes ingredients like chemicals, fragrances, dyes, parabens, GMOs, and phthalates.

What are the key goals? Provide continuous moisture, soothe, firm, protect, lift, strengthen, plump, smooth, and nourish with specific delivery systems.

Paulette explains her 50-plus line, "The focus isn't to put yourself under a magnifying glass, but actually celebrate your age by focusing on healthier radiant skin. Because when skin is healthy, it naturally looks beautiful."

Retinol is a common ingredient in skincare products because of how well it can promote collagen production. Trupure Organics No More Crepe Neck and Dcolletage Cream ($65) uses a different approach through a plant-based bio-retinol. Itwon't cause peeling, irritation, itching, or make skin considerably more sensitive to sunlight like standard retinol.

This same kind of approach is used in formulating all their plant-based products for mature skin. Visit trupureorganics.com to view the full collection of serums and creams.

References

Women 50 and Older Feel Overlooked by the Beauty Industry

Contact:

Paulette Kaplan Founder and CEO, Trupure Organics216.702.0345[emailprotected]http://www.trupureorganics.com

SOURCE Trupure Organics

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Trupure Organics Is First 50-Plus Brand Devoted to That Market's Distinct Needs - PRNewswire

Skin Stem Cells Comments Off on Trupure Organics Is First 50-Plus Brand Devoted to That Market’s Distinct Needs – PRNewswire | February 19th, 2021

While youre receiving treatment for cancer, some of the drugs you take can cause painful sores to develop inside your mouth. You can also get them if youve had a bone marrow (stem cell) transplant as part of your cancer care.

Although they often heal on their own, these mouth sores can make it uncomfortable to eat and talk. Well discuss what you can do to relieve the pain and prevent them from getting worse.

Mouth sores can be a common side effect of cancer treatment. The condition, known as stomatitis or mucositis, is an inflammation of the tissues inside your mouth.

Whitish, ulcer-like sores can form on your cheeks, gums, lips, tongue, or on the roof or floor of your mouth. Even if you dont develop mouth ulcers, you may have patches that feel inflamed and painful, as if theyve been burned.

Anyone who is receiving chemotherapy, radiation therapy, or a bone marrow (stem cell) transplant can develop mouth sores as a side effect of these treatments.

If you have dry mouth or gum disease, or if your teeth and gums are not well taken care of, you may be at a higher risk of getting mouth sores during your treatment. Women and people who smoke or drink alcohol are also at a higher risk, according to the Oral Cancer Foundation.

If youre receiving chemotherapy, the sores could begin forming anywhere from 5 days to 2 weeks after your treatment. Depending on the specific cause, the sores could go away on their own in a few weeks, or they could last longer.

Its important to find ways to manage your pain and to watch for signs of an infection. Cancer-related mouth sores can lead to weight loss, dehydration, and other serious complications.

Cancer cells can grow very quickly. The aim of cancer treatment is to stop or slow down that growth. The cells in the mucous membranes lining your mouth are also fast-growing cells, so cancer treatments affect them, too.

Cancer treatments also keep the cells in your mouth from being able to repair themselves efficiently when theyre damaged.

Radiation therapy can also damage the glands in your mouth that make saliva. A dry mouth is more susceptible to infections that cause mouth sores.

Chemotherapy and radiation can both change the microbiome in your mouth, upsetting the balance between good and bad bacteria. The growth of harmful bacteria in your mouth can also lead to mouth sores.

Sometimes cancer treatments suppress your immune system, which may make it more likely that youll get a bacterial, viral, or fungal infection that causes mouth sores. An older infection (such as the herpes simplex virus) can also suddenly flare up again.

If youve had a bone marrow (stem cell) transplant, sores may be a sign that youve developed a condition known as graft-versus-host disease (GVHD).

When this happens, the cells in your body are attacking the transplanted cells as though they were an unhealthy invader. According to research published in Journal of Clinical and Experimental Dentistry, short-term (acute) GVHD occurs in 50 to 70 percent of stem cell transplant cases and longer-term (chronic) GVHD is seen in 30 to 50 percent of cases.

The form of GVHD that causes mouth sores is usually mild, and doctors often treat it with corticosteroid medications.

Its important to talk with your doctor if you develop mouth sores after a stem cell transplant, as some kinds of GVHD can turn serious if left untreated.

There is a good chance that youll experience mouth sores at some point during your cancer treatment. Researchers estimate that 20 to 40 percent of those who have chemotherapy and 80 percent of those who have high-dose chemotherapy will develop mucositis afterward.

Still, there are steps you and your cancer care team can take to lower your risk, reduce the severity of the sores, and promote faster healing.

About a month before your cancer treatment begins, schedule an appointment with your dentist to make sure your teeth and gums are healthy. If you have cavities, broken teeth, or gum disease, its important to come up with a dental treatment plan to take care of these conditions so they dont lead to infections later, when your immune system may be vulnerable.

If you wear braces or dentures, ask your dentist to check the fit and remove any part of the device you dont need during your treatment.

Its very important to maintain good oral hygiene practices throughout your treatment to lower your risk of infection. Brush and floss gently but regularly, avoiding any painful areas. You can also ask your dentist whether a mouth rinse with fluoride is advisable in your case.

For certain kinds of chemotherapy (bolus 5fluorouracil chemotherapy and some high-dose therapies), your healthcare team may give you ice chips to chew for 30 minutes before your treatment. This type of cold therapy can lower your risk of getting mouth sores later.

During treatment of some blood cancers, doctors may give you injections of palifermin, also known as human keratinocyte growth factor-1 (KGF-1), to prevent mouth sores.

If youre scheduled to receive high-dose chemotherapy or radiotherapy, your cancer care team may prepare your mouth using low-level laser therapy beforehand to keep you from getting mouth sores.

For people who have radiation therapy for head and neck cancers, doctors may prescribe this medicated mouthwash to minimize mouth sores.

The length of time your mouth sores may last depends on the specific cancer treatment youve had. Here are some estimates broken down by treatment:

You may notice symptoms anywhere between a few days and a few weeks after your cancer treatment. Heres what you may see and feel as mucositis develops:

You may notice that the sores become slightly crusty as they heal. Its important to keep track of your symptoms and let your oncologist know if the sores arent healing on their own.

Contact your doctor right away if you:

Untreated mouth sores can lead to malnutrition, dehydration, and life-threatening infections.

There are a few different ways that you can help mouth sores heal and avoid prolonger pain or an infection.

While the sores are healing, its very important to keep the inside of your mouth clean to prevent an infection from developing.

The National Cancer Institute recommends that you gently clean your teeth every 4 hours and just before you go to sleep at night. Here are a few tips to consider:

If the pain from mouth sores is interfering with your ability to eat and drink, your doctor may treat the condition with a opioid mouthwash or one containing doxepin or lidocaine.

To ease discomfort and keep your mouth from feeling dry, you may want to try rinsing with a mild saltwater or baking soda solution. Heres how to make each of them:

Your cancer care team may recommend that you use a lubricating liquid (artificial saliva) to moisten the inside of your mouth if dryness is a problem. These liquids are usually gel-like. They coat your mouth with a thin film to help ease discomfort and promote healing.

Some people have found it useful to rinse with a blend of medications called the magic mouthwash. Formulas for this mouthwash vary, but most of them include a combination of medications to treat different symptoms, including:

Magic or miracle mouthwash solutions usually have to be prescribed by a doctor and prepared by a pharmacist, although some people mix up an over-the-counter version at home.

There isnt enough research to say for sure whether magic mouthwash works. If you think youd like to try it, talk with your oncologist or a healthcare professional about whether its a good idea for you.

Here are a few more things you can try at home that may help ease pain from mouth sores:

Mouth sores are one of the most common side effects of cancer treatment. Shortly after chemotherapy, radiation, or transplant treatments, painful, ulcer-like sores can form on the inside of your mouth.

These sores may go away on their own. If they dont, its important to seek medical treatment for them because they can lead to very serious complications.

Before you start cancer treatments, visit a dentist to make sure your teeth and gums are healthy. Keeping up good dental hygiene practices during and after cancer treatment will help limit mouth sores.

If the sores are keeping you from eating and drinking, talk with your oncologist about medications could relieve the pain and speed up the healing process, so you can enjoy a better quality of life during treatment.

Its really important to keep track of any sores in your mouth so you can reach out to your healthcare team if they dont improve. Sores that deepen or worsen can lead to serious even life-threatening complications.

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Mouth Sores from Chemo: Symptoms, Causes, and Treatments - Healthline

Skin Stem Cells Comments Off on Mouth Sores from Chemo: Symptoms, Causes, and Treatments – Healthline | February 19th, 2021

This article was originally published here

Front Immunol. 2021 Jan 21;11:594572. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.594572. eCollection 2020.

ABSTRACT

Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), the causative organism of pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) now infects more than half of the world population. The efficient transmission strategy of the pathogen includes first remaining dormant inside the infected host, next undergoing reactivation to cause post-primary tuberculosis of the lungs (PPTBL) and then transmit via aerosol to the community. In this review, we are exploring recent findings on the role of bone marrow (BM) stem cell niche in Mtb dormancy and reactivation that may underlie the mechanisms of PPTBL development. We suggest that pathogens interaction with the stem cell niche may be relevant in potential inflammation induced PPTBL reactivation, which need significant research attention for the future development of novel preventive and therapeutic strategies for PPTBL, especially in a post COVID-19 pandemic world. Finally, we put forward potential animal models to study the stem cell basis of Mtb dormancy and reactivation.

PMID:33584661 | PMC:PMC7873989 | DOI:10.3389/fimmu.2020.594572

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Initiation of Post-Primary Tuberculosis of the Lungs: Exploring the Secret Role of Bone Marrow Derived Stem Cells - DocWire News

Bone Marrow Stem Cells Comments Off on Initiation of Post-Primary Tuberculosis of the Lungs: Exploring the Secret Role of Bone Marrow Derived Stem Cells – DocWire News | February 17th, 2021

REDWOOD CITY, Calif.--(BUSINESS WIRE)--Jasper Therapeutics, Inc., a biotechnology company focused on hematopoietic cell transplant therapies, today announced the launch of a Phase 1/2 clinical trial to evaluate JSP191, Jaspers first-in-class anti-CD117 monoclonal antibody, as a targeted, non-toxic conditioning regimen prior to allogeneic transplant for sickle cell disease (SCD). Jasper Therapeutics and the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI) have entered into a clinical trial agreement in which NHLBI will serve as the Investigational New Drug (IND) sponsor for this study.

SCD is a lifelong inherited blood disorder that affects hemoglobin, a protein in red blood cells that delivers oxygen to tissues and organs throughout the body. Approximately 300,000 infants are born with SCD annually worldwide, and the number of cases is expected to significantly increase. Currently, hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) is the only cure available for SCD.

"This clinical trial agreement with the NHLBI expands the development of JSP191 for transplant conditioning and could bring curative transplants to more patients in need," said Kevin N. Heller, M.D., Executive Vice President, Research and Development, of Jasper Therapeutics. "We look forward to collaborating with the NHLBI and learning more about the potential for JSP191 in patients living with sickle cell disease."

About JSP191

JSP191 (formerly AMG 191) is a first-in-class humanized monoclonal antibody in clinical development as a conditioning agent that clears hematopoietic stem cells from the bone marrow. JSP191 binds to human CD117, a receptor for stem cell factor (SCF) that is expressed on the surface of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells. The interaction of SCF and CD117 is required for stem cells to survive. JSP191 blocks SCF from binding to CD117 and disrupts critical survival signals in stem cells leading to cell death. This creates space in the bone marrow for engraftment of donor or gene-corrected transplanted stem cells.

Preclinical studies have shown that JSP191, as a single agent, safely depletes normal and diseased hematopoietic stem cells, including in animal models of severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID), myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS), and sickle cell disease (SCD). Treatment with JSP191 creates the space needed for transplanted normal donor or gene-corrected hematopoietic stem cells to successfully engraft in the host bone marrow. To date, JSP191 has been evaluated in more than 90 healthy volunteers and patients.

JSP191 is currently being evaluated in two separate Jasper Therapeutics-sponsored clinical studies in hematopoietic cell transplant. The first clinical study is evaluating JSP191 as a sole conditioning agent in a Phase 1/2 dose-escalation and expansion trial to achieve donor stem cell engraftment in patients undergoing hematopoietic cell transplant for SCID. Blood stem cell transplantation offers the only potentially curative therapy for SCID. JSP191 is also being evaluated in combination with another conditioning regimen in a Phase 1 study in patients with MDS or acute myeloid leukemia (AML) who are receiving hematopoietic cell transplant. For more information about the design of these clinical trials, visit http://www.clinicaltrials.gov (NCT02963064 and NCT04429191).

Additional studies are planned to advance JSP191 as a conditioning agent for patients with other rare and ultra-rare monogenic disorders and autoimmune diseases.

About Jasper Therapeutics

Jasper Therapeutics is a biotechnology company focused on the development of novel curative therapies based on the biology of the hematopoietic stem cell. The companys lead compound, JSP191, is in clinical development as a conditioning antibody that clears hematopoietic stem cells from bone marrow in patients undergoing a hematopoietic cell transplant. This first-in-class conditioning antibody is designed to enable safer and more effective curative hematopoietic cell transplants and gene therapies. For more information, please visit us at jaspertherapeutics.com.

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Jasper Therapeutics Announces Launch of New Clinical Trial with National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute to Evaluate JSP191 in Sickle Cell Disease -...

Bone Marrow Stem Cells Comments Off on Jasper Therapeutics Announces Launch of New Clinical Trial with National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute to Evaluate JSP191 in Sickle Cell Disease -… | February 17th, 2021

Transparency Market Research (TMR) has published a new report titled, Cord Blood Banking Services Market Global Industry Analysis, Size, Share, Growth, Trends, and Forecast, 20192027. According to the report, the globalcord blood banking services marketwas valued atUS$ 25.8 Mnin2018and is projected to expand at a CAGR of10.9%from2019to2027.

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High Incidence of genetic disorders and rise in hematopoietic stem cell transplantation rates to Drive Market

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Cord Blood Banking Services Market projected to expand at a CAGR of 10.9% from 2019 to 2027 KSU | The Sentinel Newspaper - KSU | The Sentinel...

Bone Marrow Stem Cells Comments Off on Cord Blood Banking Services Market projected to expand at a CAGR of 10.9% from 2019 to 2027 KSU | The Sentinel Newspaper – KSU | The Sentinel… | February 17th, 2021

RESEARCH TRIANGLE PARK After 13 years as a clinical-stage oncology company,G1 Therapeuticsof Research Triangle Park transformed into a commercial-stage company overnight upon the approval of its first drug by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.

The FDA on Feb. 12 approved G1s trilaciclib, to be marketed as Cosela, for protecting bone marrow from chemotherapy damage in adult patients with extensive-stage small cell lung cancer (ES-SCLC).

Cosela will help change the chemotherapy experience for people who are battling ES-SCLC, said Jack Bailey, the companys chief executive officer. G1 is proud to deliver Cosela to patients and their families as the first and only therapy to help protect against chemotherapy-induced myelosuppression.

Myelosuppression, or damage to the bone marrow, is the most serious and life-threatening side effect of chemotherapy. Chemotherapy-induced myelosuppression reduces the bodys essential supply of white blood cells, red blood cells and platelets, and can lead to increased risks of infection, severe anemia and bleeding.

RTP drug firm G1 secures FDA approval for treatment to prevent chemo damage to bone marrow

These complications impact patients quality of life and may also result in chemotherapy dose reductions and delays, said Jeffrey Crawford,M.D., Geller Professorfor Research in Cancer in theDepartment of MedicineandDuke Cancer Institute. In clinical trials, the addition of trilaciclib to extensive-stage small cell lung cancer chemotherapy treatment regimens reduced myelosuppression and improved clinical outcomes.The good news is that these benefits of trilaciclib will now be available for our patients in clinical practice.

Cosela is expected to be commercially available through G1s specialty distributor partner network in early March, the company said.

G1 is committed to helping patients with in theU.S.gain access to treatment with Cosela through access and affordability programs. Patients and healthcare can call the companys support center at 833-418-6663 for information.

Cosela is intended to be given as a 30-minute infusion four hours prior to chemotherapy treatments containing platinum/etoposide or topotecan. About 90 percent of all patients with ES-SCLC receive at least one of these chemotherapy regimens during their treatment, according to G1.

The approval of Cosela is based on data from three randomized, placebo-controlled trials. Data showed that patients receiving Cosela before the start of chemotherapy had less neutropenia, an abnormally low number of neutrophils, white blood cells that fight bacterial and fungal infection.

Data also showed a positive impact on red blood cell transfusions and other myeloprotective measures.

Chemotherapy is the most effective and widely used approach to treating people diagnosed with extensive-stage small cell lung cancer, Bailey said. However, standard-of-care chemotherapy regimens are highly myelosuppressive and can lead to costly hospitalizations and rescue interventions.

To date, oncologists have relied on rescue therapy, a mix of growth factor agents, antibiotics and red blood cell transfusions, to restore bone marrow after it has been damaged by chemotherapy.

By contrast, trilaciclib provides the first proactive approach to myelosuppression through a unique mechanism of action that helps protect the bone marrow from damage by chemotherapy, Crawford said.

Cosela helps protect bone marrow cells from chemotherapy damage by inhibiting cyclin- dependent kinase 4 and 6, two enzymes involved in cancer cell growth. Inhibiting these enzymes temporarily stops hematopoietic stem cells and progenitor cells in the bone marrow from dividing, making them resistant to damage from chemotherapy drugs that target dividing cells.

Bonnie J. Addario, lung cancer survivor, co-founder and board chair of theGo2 Foundation for Lung Cancer, said many people with extensive-stage small cell lung cancerrely on chemotherapy to extend their lives and alleviate their symptoms.

Unfortunately, the vast majority will experience chemotherapy-induced side effects, resulting in dose delays and reductions, and increased utilization of healthcare services, she said.

G1 shares our organizations goal to improve the quality of life of those diagnosed with lung cancer and to transform survivorship among people living with this insidious disease. We are thrilled to see new advancements that can help improve the lives of those living with small cell lung cancer.

About 30,000 small cell lung cancer patients are treated inthe United Statesannually. SCLC, one of the two main types of lung cancer, accounts for about 10 to 15 percent of all lung cancers but is the more aggressive disease, tending to grow and spread faster than the other type, non-small cell lung cancer.

InJune 2020, G1 announced a three-yearco-promotion agreementwithBoehringer Ingelheimfor Cosela in small cell lung cancer in theU.S.andPuerto Rico. G1 will lead marketing, market access and medical engagement initiatives for Cosela whileBoehringer Ingelheimsoncology commercial team will lead sales force engagement initiatives.

G1 will book revenue and retain development and commercialization rights to Cosela and payBoehringer Ingelheima promotional fee based on net sales.

The three-year agreement does not extend to additional indications that G1 is evaluating for trilaciclib: breast, colorectal, bladder and non-small cell lung cancers.

G1 is a 2008 spin-out of the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill.

The company raised $108 million in an initial public offering of stock in 2017 after receiving more than $95 million in three rounds of venture capital funding. The North Carolina Biotechnology Center provided two early-stage loans totaling $500,000.

G1s stock is traded on the Nasdaq Global Select Market under the ticker symbol GTHX.

(C) N.C. Biotech Center

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After 13 years of trials and tribulations RTP firm G1 wins first FDA approval for cancer drug - WRAL Tech Wire

Bone Marrow Stem Cells Comments Off on After 13 years of trials and tribulations RTP firm G1 wins first FDA approval for cancer drug – WRAL Tech Wire | February 17th, 2021