Some people live by the adage, if it aint broke, dont fix it. When Dr. Adewunmi (Ade) Nuga looks at the world she asks a different question: could we make this even better?

Dr. Nuga is now a primary care physician at Pacific Medical Centers (PacMed) Canyon Park, but before she went to medical school she earned a PhD in Microbiology and conducted medical research.

One of my research areas was retroviruses, which is the class of virus that HIV belongs to. I wanted to understand why patients with HIV cant stop taking the medications to treat it, even when theyve taken those medications for decades. Where is the virus hiding in the body?

Advances in medications mean patients with HIV can now expect to live an average lifespan, but that wasnt good enough for Dr. Nuga. She hopes her research into bone marrow stem cells will contribute to a cure.

Only two people in the world are confirmed to have been cured of HIV, and both of them received a stem cell transplant as part of their treatment, she says.

Coordinating your care

HIV treatment is not yet part of Dr. Nugas practice, but as a primary care physician she coordinates with specialists and ensures her patients receive comprehensive care for the best possible outcomes. Since people living with HIV can expect to live an average lifespan, they need to continue caring for other aspects of their health in addition to HIV care cancer screenings, mental health, and other ongoing primary care.

Think of Dr. Nuga as your health care quarterback: calling plays and adapting strategies on the fly to develop a treatment plan that works for you. That may mean adjusting doses to your weight and age, but it could also mean adjusting referrals to accommodate your culture, social class or even access to transportation.

I want to address the barriers to care and deliver healthcare to everyone that needs it, regardless of their status. The resources at PacMed are a big help I can coordinate with care managers and community health liaisons to make sure nobody falls through the cracks, she says.

Dr. Nuga loves taking care of patients of all ages, life stages and social situations, and she has a soft spot for children.

Theres a special privilege that comes with taking care of babies from the first day of life, she says, and she hopes to have more opportunities to practice pediatrics.

Another way Dr. Nuga hopes to improve healthcare? Wit better representation throughout the system so patients see themselves in health care professionals from patient care to management.

Im hoping to get involved with the Providence mentorship program, to help inspire the next generation. The number of physicians from some minority groups hasnt changed since 1978 its kind of astounding that over 40 years we havent been able to increase representation, she says. If we improve access to care we make the environment better for everyone.

Dr. Nugas pediatric and internal medicine practice is open to people of all ages, from newborns to geriatrics. Make an appointment with Dr. Nuga for you or your child by calling 425-412-7200 or booking online. Find Dr. Nuga at Pacific Medical Centers (PacMed) Canyon Park, 1909 214th St. SE, in Bothell.

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Her favorite part of research was the patients, so she switched to primary... - Bothell-Kenmore Reporter

Bone Marrow Stem Cells Comments Off on Her favorite part of research was the patients, so she switched to primary… – Bothell-Kenmore Reporter | November 10th, 2020

Cell harvesting usuallyfor use incanceror other treatment. Usually the cells are removed from the patients own bone marrow. Stem cells can be harvested from the blood or bone marrow. Umbilical cords have been saved as a future source of stem cells for the baby..cagr1 with growth trends, various stakeholders like investors, CEOs, traders, suppliers, Research & media, Global Manager, Director, President, SWOT analysis i.e. Strength, Weakness, Opportunities and Threat to the organization and others.

Get a sample copy of the Cell Harvesting market report 2020

Competitive Landscapeand Cell HarvestingMarket Share AnalysisCell Harvesting competitive landscape provides details by vendors, including company overview, company total revenue (financials), market potential, global presence, Cell Harvestingsales and revenue generated, market share, price, production sites and facilities, SWOT analysis, product launch. For the period 2015-2020, this study provides the Cell Harvestingsales, revenue and market share for each player covered in this report.

Cell HarvestingMarket competition by Top Countries manufacturers/ Key player Data Profiled:

PerkinElmer (US),,Brandel (US),,TOMTEC (US),,Cox Scientific (UK),,Connectorate (Switzerland),,Scinomix (US),,ADSTEC (Japan),,Sartorius,,Terumo Corporation,,

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Market segmentation

Cell Harvesting Market is split by Type and by Application. For the period 2015-2025, the growth among segments provide accurate calculations and forecasts for sales by Type and by Application in terms of volume and value. This analysis can help you expand your business by targeting qualified niche markets.

Cell Harvesting Market Segment by Type covers:

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Scope of theCell Harvesting MarketReport:

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Other Major Topics Covered in Cell Harvesting market research report are as follows:

And another component .

The next part also sheds light on the gap between supply and consumption. Apart from the mentioned information,growth rateof Cell Harvesting market in 2025is also explained.Additionally, type wise and application wise consumptiontables andfiguresof Cell Harvesting marketare also given.

Global Organic Yogurt Market 2020 to Expand at a CAGR of by 2026: Complete Market Analysis by Growth Opportunities, Market Size & Growth, Demand, Production

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Cell Harvesting Market 2020 Growth Analysis, Share, and consumption by Regional data, Investigation and Growth, Demand by Regions, Types and Analysis...

Bone Marrow Stem Cells Comments Off on Cell Harvesting Market 2020 Growth Analysis, Share, and consumption by Regional data, Investigation and Growth, Demand by Regions, Types and Analysis… | November 10th, 2020

SAN CARLOS, Calif., Nov. 10, 2020 (GLOBE NEWSWIRE) -- BioCardia, Inc.[NASDAQ: BCDA], a leader in the development of autologous and allogenic cell therapies, today reported financial results and business highlights for the third quarter of 2020 and filed its quarterly report on Form 10-Q for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020 with the Securities and Exchange Commission on November 10, 2020.

The Company is advancing its autologous and allogenic bone marrow-derived cell therapies for three cardiovascular indications and one respiratory indication.

Third Quarter 2020 Business Highlights:

Autologous Cell Therapies

Allogenic Cell Therapies

Corporate Developments

We are reaching critical milestones in our cardiovascular and respiratory cell therapy development programs at a time when patients are increasingly presenting with heart damage due to COVID-19, said BioCardia CEO Peter Altman, PhD. We believe that the clinical data supports patient benefit through paracrine mechanisms, which differs from those attempting to transform cells into new heart cells, and believe that the approach has tremendous promise to help patients suffering from severe heart and respiratory diseases.

Third Quarter 2020 Financial Results:

Anticipated Upcoming Milestones in Q4 2020:

About BioCardiaBioCardia, Inc., headquartered in San Carlos, California, is developing regenerative biologic therapies to treat cardiovascular and respiratory disease. CardiAMP autologous and Neurokinin-1 Receptor Positive allogenic cell therapies are the Companys biotherapeutic platforms in clinical development. The Company's products include the Helix Biotherapeutic Delivery System and its steerable guide and sheath catheter portfolio. BioCardia also partners with other biotherapeutic companies to provide its Helix system and clinical support for their programs studying therapies for the treatment of heart failure, chronic myocardial ischemia and acute myocardial infarction. For more information, visit http://www.BioCardia.com.

Forward Looking StatementsThis press release contains forward-looking statements that are subject to many risks and uncertainties. Forward-looking statements include, among other things, references to the enrollment of our clinical trials, the availability of data from our clinical trials, filings with the FDA, FDA product clearances, the efficacy and safety of our products and therapies, anticipated milestones, and other statements regarding our intentions, beliefs, projections, outlook, analyses or current expectations. Such risks and uncertainties include, among others, the inherent uncertainties associated with developing new products or technologies, regulatory approvals, unexpected expenditures, the ability to raise the additional funding needed to continue to pursue BioCardias business and product development plans and overall market conditions.We may find it difficult to enroll patients in our clinical trials due to many factors, some of which are outside of our control.Slower than targeted enrollment could delay completion of our clinical trials and delay or prevent development of our therapeutic candidates.These forward-looking statements are made as of the date of this press release, and BioCardia assumes no obligation to update the forward-looking statements.

We may use terms such as believes, estimates, anticipates, expects, plans, intends, may, could, might, will, should, approximately or other words that convey the uncertainty of future events or outcomes to identify these forward-looking statements. Although we believe that we have a reasonable basis for each forward-looking statement contained herein, we caution you that forward-looking statements are not guarantees of future performance and that our actual results may differ materially from the forward-looking statements contained in this press release. As a result of these factors, we cannot assure you that the forward-looking statements in this press release will prove to be accurate.Additional factors that could materially affect actual results can be found in our documents filed with the SEC, including our recent filings on Form 8-K, Form 10-K and Form 10-Q, particularly any statements under the caption entitled Risk Factors Therein. BioCardia expressly disclaims any intent or obligation to update these forward-looking statements, except as required by law.

Media Contact:Michelle McAdam, Chronic Communications, Inc.michelle@chronic-comm.com(310) 902-1274

Investor Contact:David McClung, Chief Financial OfficerInvestors@BioCardia.com(650) 226-0120

BIOCARDIA, INC.Condensed Statements of Operations(Unaudited In thousands, except share and per share amounts)

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BioCardia Reports Third Quarter 2020 Financial Results and Business Highlights - GlobeNewswire

Bone Marrow Stem Cells Comments Off on BioCardia Reports Third Quarter 2020 Financial Results and Business Highlights – GlobeNewswire | November 10th, 2020

A TEENAGE Jehovah's Witness was ordered to undergo a lifesaving blood transfusion after a concerned judge quashed her religious objection.

Doctors received the go-ahead to urgently give the 15-year-old blood when she was just hours from death.

3

The teen suffers from sickle cell, an inherited condition that affects red blood cells.

It puts her at greater risk of suffering a debilitating stroke - or dying.

At the High Court on Tuesday, November 10, Sir James Munby said the girl's life was in imminent danger, so he had rushed to make his decision, reports the Daily Mail.

He explained: "The blood transfusion is imperatively needed and within a timescale measured in hours, and not days.

"At one point, her doctor lamented that four hours had gone by because of the judicial proceedings."

Sir James described the patient as "wise beyond her years".

The unnamed teen has recently been baptised as a Jehovah's Witness, and has "profound religious beliefs".

Although Jehovah's Witnesses do not accept blood transfusions or blood products, based on biblical readings, he warned failure to help her presented a "very real risk" of "serious harm to her future health and welfare".

He acknowledged that the girl may end up refusing blood transfusions when older, and has more say on her medical treatment.

3

Sir James suggested that legal precedents dating back three decades needed to be re-examined for cases like this.

These previous decisions state that kids shouldn't have a say in whether or not they accept medical treatment.

In just three years time, when she reaches the age of 18, the girl will be legally able to reject such lifesaving help.

However, Sir James recommended the High Court to look at whether she should have more say on treatments - including blood transfusions - before she turns 18.

A 1970s ruling says Jehovah's Witnesses' beliefs must be given the same respect as those of other religions when it comes to kids' rights to reject treatment.

Appeal Court decisions in the 1990s stress that courts must decide what is in the best interests of under-16s, the Mail writes.

Teens aged 16 and 17 are allowed to have a say in their treatment - but this can be overruled in exceptional cases.

What is Sickle Cell?

Sickle cell disease (SCD) is a serious and lifelong health condition.

Sickle cell disease is the name for a group of inherited health conditions that affect the red blood cells.

The most serious type is called sickle cell anaemia.

People with sickle cell disease produce unusually shaped red blood cells.

These can cause problems because they do not live as long as healthy blood cells and can block blood vessels.

People with SCD start to have signs of the disease during the first year of life, usually around five months of age.

Symptoms and complications of SCD are different for each person and can range from mild to severe.

The only cure for SCD is bone marrow or stem cell transplant.

Sickle cell disease varies between individuals from mild to serious, but most people with it lead happy and normal lives.

But the illness can be serious enough to have a significant effect on a person's life, says the NHS.

It can lead to health problems like strokes, serious infections and lung problems, which can occasionally be fatal.

3

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Jehovahs Witness, 15, shouldnt be allowed to die says High Court judge after teen refuses lifesaving blood t - The Sun

Bone Marrow Stem Cells Comments Off on Jehovahs Witness, 15, shouldnt be allowed to die says High Court judge after teen refuses lifesaving blood t – The Sun | November 10th, 2020

DetailsCategory: Small MoleculesPublished on Monday, 09 November 2020 08:56Hits: 725

Calquence demonstrated superior progression-free survival and favourable tolerability in both previously untreated and relapsed or refractory patients

LONDON, UK I November 9, 2020 I AstraZenecas Calquence (acalabrutinib), a next-generation selective Brutons tyrosine kinase (BTK) inhibitor, has been approved in the European Union (EU) for the treatment of adult patients with chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL), the most common type of leukaemia in adults.

The approval by the European Commission was based on positive results from two Phase III clinical trials, ELEVATE-TN in patients with previously untreated CLL and ASCEND in patients with relapsed or refractory CLL.1,2 This follows a recommendation for approval by the Committee for Medicinal Products for Human Use of the European Medicines Agency in July 2020.

Paolo Ghia, MD, Director, Strategic Research Program on CLL, Universit Vita-Salute San Raffaele in Milan, and investigator of the ASCEND Phase III trial, said: One of our biggest hurdles in treating chronic lymphocytic leukaemia is finding tolerable treatment options that manage the disease long term, which typically impacts older patients with comorbidities. Todays news marks great progress for patients in Europe, as the Phase III clinical trials for Calquence showed a significant improvement in comparison with current standard treatments.

Dave Fredrickson, Executive Vice President, Oncology Business Unit, said: This approval represents a key development for patients in Europe who until now have had limited chemotherapy-free treatment options. As our first European approval in blood cancers, Calquence provides a new tolerable treatment option with uncompromised efficacy and the potential to positively impact the quality of life for thousands of patients living with chronic lymphocytic leukaemia.

In the ELEVATE-TN Phase III trial, Calquence combined with obinutuzumab and as monotherapy reduced the risk of disease progression or death by 90% and 80%, respectively, compared with standard chemo-immunotherapy treatment chlorambucil plus obinutuzumab, in patients with previously untreated CLL.1 In the ASCEND Phase III trial, 88% of patients with relapsed or refractory CLL taking Calquence remained alive and free from disease progression after 12 months compared with 68% of patients on rituximab combined with idelalisib or bendamustine.2 Data from the interim results of the trials were published in The Lancet and Journal of Clinical Oncology, respectively.

Calquence is approved for the treatment of CLL and small lymphocytic lymphoma in the US and is approved for CLL in several other countries worldwide. Calquence is also approved for the treatment of adult patients with mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) who have received at least one prior therapy in the US and several other countries. Calquence is not currently approved for the treatment of MCL in Europe.

As part of a broad development programme, Calquence is being assessed in more than 20 AstraZeneca-sponsored clinical trials for the treatment of patients with B-cell malignancies including CLL, MCL, diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL), Waldenstrms macroglobulinaemia (WM), follicular lymphoma (FL), and other haematologic malignancies.

Chronic lymphocytic leukaemia

Chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL) is the most common type of leukaemia in adults, with an estimated 105,000 new cases globally in 2016, and the number of people living with CLL is expected to grow with improved treatment as patients live longer with the disease.3,4,5,6 In CLL, too many blood stem cells in the bone marrow become abnormal lymphocytes and these abnormal cells have difficulty fighting infections. As the number of abnormal cells grows there is less room for healthy white blood cells, red blood cells, and platelets. This could result in anaemia, infection, and bleeding.4 B-cell receptor signalling through BTK is one of the essential growth pathways for CLL.

ELEVATE-TN

ELEVATE-TN (ACE-CL-007) was a randomised, multicentre, open-label Phase III trial evaluating the safety and efficacy of Calquence in combination with obinutuzumab, a CD20 monoclonal antibody, or Calquence alone versus chlorambucil, a chemotherapy, in combination with obinutuzumab in previously untreated patients with CLL. Patients 65 years of age or older, or between 18 and 65 years of age with a total Cumulative Illness Rating Scale >6 or creatinine clearance of 30 to 69mL/min, were enrolled. In the trial, 535 patients were randomised (1:1:1) into three arms. Patients in the first arm received chlorambucil in combination with obinutuzumab. Patients in the second arm received Calquence (100mg approximately every 12 hours until disease progression or unacceptable toxicity) in combination with obinutuzumab. Patients in the third arm received Calquence monotherapy (100mg approximately every 12 hours until disease progression or unacceptable toxicity).1

The primary endpoint was progression-free survival (PFS) in the Calquence and obinutuzumab arm compared to the chlorambucil and obinutuzumab arm, assessed by an independent review committee (IRC), and a key secondary endpoint was IRC-assessed PFS in the Calquence monotherapy arm compared to the chlorambucil and obinutuzumab arm. Other secondary endpoints included objective response rate, time to next treatment and overall survival (OS).1

ASCEND

ASCEND (ACE-CL-309) was a global, randomised, multicentre, open-label Phase III trial evaluating the efficacy of Calquence in patients with relapsed or refractory CLL. In the trial, 310 patients were randomised (1:1) into two arms. Patients in the first arm received Calquence monotherapy (100mg twice daily until disease progression or unacceptable toxicity). Patients in the second arm received investigators choice of either rituximab, a CD20 monoclonal antibody, in combination with idelalisib, a PI3K inhibitor, or rituximab in combination with bendamustine, a chemotherapy.2

The primary endpoint was PFS assessed by an IRC, and key secondary endpoints included physician-assessed PFS, IRC- and physician-assessed overall response rate and duration of response, as well as OS, patient-reported outcomes and time to next treatment.2

Calquence

Calquence (acalabrutinib) is a next-generation, selective inhibitor of BTK. Calquence binds covalently to BTK, thereby inhibiting its activity.7,8 In B-cells, BTK signalling results in activation of pathways necessary for B-cell proliferation, trafficking, chemotaxis, and adhesion.7

As part of an extensive clinical development programme, AstraZeneca and Acerta Pharma are currently evaluating Calquence in more than 20 company-sponsored clinical trials. Calquence is being developed for the treatment of multiple B-cell blood cancers including CLL, MCL, DLBCL, WM, FL, and other haematologic malignancies.

AstraZeneca in haematology

Leveraging its strength in oncology, AstraZeneca has established haematology as one of four key oncology disease areas of focus. The Companys haematology franchise includes two medicines approved by the US Food and Drug Administration and a robust global development programme for a broad portfolio of potential blood cancer treatments. Acerta Pharma serves as AstraZenecas haematology research and development arm. AstraZeneca partners with like-minded science-led companies to advance the discovery and development of therapies to address unmet need.

AstraZeneca in oncology

AstraZeneca has a deep-rooted heritage in oncology and offers a quickly growing portfolio ofnew medicines that has the potential to transform patients lives and the Companys future. With seven new medicines launched between 2014 and 2020, and a broad pipelineof small molecules and biologics in development, the Company is committed to advance oncology as a key growth driver for AstraZeneca focused on lung, ovarian, breast and haematology.

By harnessing the power of six scientific platforms - Immuno-Oncology, Tumour Drivers and Resistance, DNA Damage Response, Antibody Drug Conjugates, Epigenetics, and Cell Therapies - and by championing the development of personalised combinations, AstraZeneca has the vision to redefine cancer treatment and one day eliminate cancer as a cause of death.

AstraZeneca

AstraZeneca (LSE/STO/Nasdaq: AZN) is a global, science-led biopharmaceutical company that focuses on the discovery, development and commercialisation of prescription medicines, primarily for the treatment of diseases in three therapy areas - Oncology, Cardiovascular, Renal & Metabolism, and Respiratory & Immunology. Based in Cambridge, UK, AstraZeneca operates in over 100 countries and its innovative medicines are used by millions of patients worldwide. Please visitastrazeneca.comand follow the Company on Twitter@AstraZeneca.

References

1. Sharman JP, et al. ELEVATE TN: Phase 3 Study of Acalabrutinib Combined with Obinutuzumab (O) or Alone Vs O Plus Chlorambucil (Clb) in Patients (Pts) with Treatment-Naive Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (CLL). Blood. 2019; 134 (Supplement_1): 31. doi:10.1182/blood-2019-128404.

2. Ghia P, et al. ASCEND: Phase III, Randomized Trial of Acalabrutinib Versus Idelalisib Plus Rituximab or Bendamustine Plus Rituximab in Relapsed or Refractory Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia [published online ahead of print, 2020 May 27]. J Clin Oncol. 2020; JCO1903355. doi:10.1200/JCO.19.03355.

3. American Cancer Society. What is Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia? Available at https://www.cancer.org/cancer/chronic-lymphocytic-leukemia/about/what-is-cll.html. Accessed August 2020.

4. National Cancer Institute. Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia Treatment (PDQ)Patient Version. Available at https://www.cancer.gov/types/leukemia/patient/cll-treatment-pdq. Accessed August 2020.

5. Global Burden of Disease Cancer Collaboration. Global, Regional, and National Cancer Incidence, Mortality, Years of Life Lost, Years Lived With Disability, and Disability-Adjusted Life-Years for 29 Cancer Groups, 1990 to 2016. JAMA Oncol. 2018;4(11):1553-1568.

6. Jain N, et al. Prevalence and Economic Burden of Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (CLL) in the Era of Oral Targeted Therapies. Blood. 2015;126:871.

7. Calquence (acalabrutinib) [prescribing information]. Wilmington, DE; AstraZeneca Pharmaceuticals LP; 2019.

8. Wu J, Zhang M & Liu D. Acalabrutinib (ACP-196): a selective second-generation BTK inhibitor. J Hematol Oncol. 2016;9(21).

SOURCE: AstraZeneca

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Calquence approved in the EU for the treatment of chronic lymphocytic leukaemia | Small Molecules | News Channels - PipelineReview.com

Bone Marrow Stem Cells Comments Off on Calquence approved in the EU for the treatment of chronic lymphocytic leukaemia | Small Molecules | News Channels – PipelineReview.com | November 10th, 2020

One of the biggest challenges that scientists and healthcare professionals are facing during the COVID-19 pandemic is the high rate of clinical variability. Whilst some patients present as asymptomatic, others are developing more severe symptoms such as pneumonia, and some cases are ultimately proving fatal. Why?The answer remains elusive; however, extensive research is exploring the possible contribution our genetics may be having. Genetic variation differences in the DNA sequences that make up our genome can impact our response to infectious diseases.

GoodCell uniquely measures and monitors inherited and acquired genetic variations in stem cells and other nucleated cells in our blood over time. Technology Networks recently spoke with Dr Salvatore Viscomi, chief medical officer at GoodCell, and attending physical at Baystate Health, to explore factors that might influence COVID-19 risk, and to discuss how the company is working to identify at-risk individuals through genetic variation analysis.

Molly Campbell (MC): For our readers that may be unfamiliar, can you discuss why medicine is moving towards a personalized approach, and why this is important considering genetic variation?Salvatore Viscomi (SV): Healthcare has traditionally taken the approach of one size fits all in defining individual risk for a disease and prescribing therapy for it. Understanding the differences between individuals on a molecular level optimizes assessment of an individuals susceptibility to a certain disease and predicting response to pharmacological therapy. Genomics plays the most important role in the emergence of personalized therapy. Identifying the inherited and acquired genetic variation will direct personalized screening and prevention plans and inform bespoke medical therapies.

MC: We know that there is high clinical variability across COVID-19 patients. How might genetic variation be contributing here, and what published evidence exists to support this?SV: Understanding immune response is critical to identifying individuals at high risk of severe morbidity and mortality. Emerging research suggests that accumulated genetic variation in our blood cells may be associated with a dysfunctional inflammatory response to COVID-19 leading to its pulmonary, cardiac and coagulopathic complications.

In a recent study published by JAMA Cardiology, researchers demonstrated an association between the presence of accumulated genetic change in our blood cells and a pro-inflammatory immune response that resembles the exaggerated cytokine release syndrome (CRS) manifested in COVID-19-positive patients. Direct evidence has emerged more recently; a study published in Cancers examined patients hospitalized with COVID-19 and found a significantly higher prevalence of accumulated genetic variation in all age groups compared to age-matched control groups.

MC: What impact might genetic variation in COVID-19 patients have on efforts to develop therapeutics or preventives, such as vaccines?SV: Identifying highly susceptible individuals through blood testing could have many applications. As an initial wave of vaccines move through Phase III trials and potentially come to market, we would have the data to determine prioritization of vaccinations when one is available. Business and government sectors need insight into risk factors that can inform inoculation strategies for societys most vulnerable, inform decisions around who should and should not be on the front lines, and give people more control when making personal decisions about how to mitigate individual risk. The broader field of genetics offers a window into the potential to correlate inherited and acquired gene mutations with immune response for the betterment of society, providing a more robust and accurate set of risk factors unique to every individual.

Furthermore, in high-risk individuals, targeting inflammation may be a clinical strategy to mitigate its clinical consequencesin COVID-19. For example, we may identify patients who are most responsive to pro-inflammatory inhibitors. Implementing measures intended to reduce subjects exposure to the infection or likelihood of contracting such infection through self-isolation, quarantine or social distancing may be advised.

MC: Can you explain the aims of GoodCell, and what the company does in terms of "banking blood for life"?SV: GoodCells mission is to extend and improve the quality of life through technology powered by our own cells. Blood is the author of our bodies, and can both cure as well as cause disease. Through our proprietary data aggregation and analytics technology platform, which aims to decode our blood cells and harness their insights to advance population and personal health, we empower individuals to identify, track and mitigate health risks. By getting ahead of their health risks, we enable the potential for a better life. In addition, through our personal biobanking service, long-term storage of your healthiest cells provides the opportunity for potential use in future therapeutics if you need them you are your best donor.

MC: Does GoodCell measure other "omics" parameters outside of genomics (DNA measurements and analysis), such as proteomics or metabolomics?SV: GoodCells platform leverages the power of blood to assess risk as such, we of course look at acquired and inherited genetic changes, but there are many more opportunities afforded by blood to understand and assess risk including routine blood chemistry tests, tests for biomarkers of disease, including emerging capabilities in liquid biopsy for earlier detection of solid tumor cancers. Ultimately, we are always looking to incorporate novel health and data insights into our product platform to better inform both an individuals health, as well as population-based health. Transcriptomics, epigenomics and metabolomics are but a few of the opportunities we are evaluating.

MC: What work is GoodCell currently conducting in the COVID-19 space?SV: GoodCell is currently engaged in a research collaboration with the New York Blood Center to evaluate how specific acquired and inherited genetic variation contribute to COVID-19 severity and recovery. We are analyzing genetic variation in asymptomatic/mildly symptomatic patients compared to hospitalized/ICU patients. GoodCell will evaluate the genetic variation in the collected samples using our proprietary assay platform to identify and validate their association with COVID-19 morbidity and mortality.

Salvatore Viscomi was speaking to Molly Campbell, Science Writer, Technology Networks.

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Exploring Genetic Variation and COVID-19 Clinical Variability - Technology Networks

Cardiac Stem Cells Comments Off on Exploring Genetic Variation and COVID-19 Clinical Variability – Technology Networks | November 10th, 2020

KENILWORTH, N.J., & WOODCLIFF LAKE, N.J.--(BUSINESS WIRE)--Nov 10, 2020--

Merck (NYSE: MRK):

KEYTRUDA (pembrolizumab) Plus LENVIMA (lenvatinib) Demonstrated Statistically Significant Improvement inProgression-Free Survival (PFS), Overall Survival (OS) and Objective Response Rate (ORR) Versus Sunitinib as First-Line Treatment for Patients With Advanced Renal Cell Carcinoma

LENVIMA Plus Everolimus Also Showed Statistically Significant Improvement in PFS and ORR Endpoints Versus Sunitinib

Results of Investigational Phase 3 KEYNOTE-581/CLEAR Trial (Study 307) to be Presented at Upcoming Medical Meeting

Merck (NYSE: MRK), known as MSD outside the United States and Canada, and Eisai today announced new investigational data demonstrating positive top-line results from the pivotal Phase 3 KEYNOTE-581/CLEAR trial (Study 307). In the trial, the combinations of KEYTRUDA, Mercks anti-PD-1 therapy, plus LENVIMA, the orally available multiple receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor discovered by Eisai, and LENVIMA plus everolimus were evaluated versus sunitinib for the first-line treatment of patients with advanced renal cell carcinoma (RCC). KEYTRUDA plus LENVIMA met the trials primary endpoint of progression-free survival (PFS) and its key secondary endpoints of overall survival (OS) and objective response rate (ORR), demonstrating a statistically significant and clinically meaningful improvement in PFS, OS and ORR versus sunitinib in the intention-to-treat (ITT) study population. LENVIMA plus everolimus also met the trials primary endpoint of PFS and a key secondary endpoint of ORR, demonstrating a statistically significant and clinically meaningful improvement in PFS and ORR versus sunitinib in the ITT study population. The ITT population included patients across all Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center (MSKCC) risk groups (favorable, intermediate and poor). The safety profiles of both KEYTRUDA plus LENVIMA and LENVIMA plus everolimus were consistent with previously reported studies. Merck and Eisai will discuss these data with regulatory authorities worldwide, with the intent to submit marketing authorization applications based on these results, which will be presented at an upcoming medical meeting.

The results for KEYTRUDA plus LENVIMA versus sunitinib, which showed a statistically significant improvement in progression-free survival, overall survival and objective response rate, build on the growing scientific evidence that supports the investigation of KEYTRUDA-based combinations for the first-line treatment of advanced renal cell carcinoma, said Dr. Gregory Lubiniecki, Associate Vice President, Oncology Clinical Research, Merck Research Laboratories. Merck and Eisai are committed to working together to continue to explore the potential of the KEYTRUDA plus LENVIMA combination, particularly in areas of great unmet need such as renal cell carcinoma.

The results from KEYNOTE-581/CLEAR (Study 307) support the potential use of KEYTRUDA plus LENVIMA for the first-line treatment of advanced RCC. These data also support the potential first-line use of LENVIMA plus everolimus, which is already approved in advanced RCC following prior antiangiogenic therapy, said Dr. Takashi Owa, Vice President, Chief Medicine Creation and Chief Discovery Officer, Oncology Business Group at Eisai. These findings energize our efforts as we continue to advance our understanding and address the unmet needs of patients with difficult-to-treat cancers.

Merck and Eisai are continuing to study the KEYTRUDA plus LENVIMA combination through the LEAP (LEnvatinib And Pembrolizumab) clinical program across 19 trials in 13 different tumor types (endometrial carcinoma, hepatocellular carcinoma, melanoma, non-small cell lung cancer, RCC, squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck, urothelial cancer, biliary tract cancer, colorectal cancer, gastric cancer, glioblastoma, ovarian cancer and triple-negative breast cancer).

About KEYNOTE-581/CLEAR (Study 307)

KEYNOTE-581/CLEAR (Study 307) is a multi-center, randomized, open-label, Phase 3 trial (ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT02811861 ) evaluating LENVIMA in combination with KEYTRUDA or in combination with everolimus versus sunitinib for the first-line treatment of patients with advanced RCC. The primary endpoint is PFS by independent review per RECIST v1.1 criteria. Key secondary endpoints include OS, ORR and safety. The study enrolled approximately 1,050 patients who were randomized to one of three treatment arms to receive:

About Renal Cell Carcinoma (RCC)

Worldwide, it is estimated there were more than 403,000 new cases of kidney cancer diagnosed and more than 175,000 deaths from the disease in 2018. In the U.S. alone, it is estimated there will be nearly 74,000 new cases of kidney cancer diagnosed and almost 15,000 deaths from the disease in 2020. Renal cell carcinoma is by far the most common type of kidney cancer; about nine out of 10 kidney cancers are RCCs. Renal cell carcinoma is about twice as common in men as in women. Most cases of RCC are discovered incidentally during imaging tests for other abdominal diseases. Approximately 30% of patients with RCC will have metastatic disease at diagnosis, and as many as 40% will develop metastases after primary surgical treatment for localized RCC. Survival is highly dependent on the stage at diagnosis, and with a five-year survival rate of 12% for metastatic disease, the prognosis for these patients is poor.

About KEYTRUDA (pembrolizumab) Injection, 100 mg

KEYTRUDA is an anti-PD-1 therapy that works by increasing the ability of the bodys immune system to help detect and fight tumor cells. KEYTRUDA is a humanized monoclonal antibody that blocks the interaction between PD-1 and its ligands, PD-L1 and PD-L2, thereby activating T lymphocytes which may affect both tumor cells and healthy cells.

Merck has the industrys largest immuno-oncology clinical research program. There are currently more than 1,200 trials studying KEYTRUDA across a wide variety of cancers and treatment settings. The KEYTRUDA clinical program seeks to understand the role of KEYTRUDA across cancers and the factors that may predict a patient's likelihood of benefitting from treatment with KEYTRUDA, including exploring several different biomarkers.

Selected KEYTRUDA (pembrolizumab) Indications

Melanoma

KEYTRUDA is indicated for the treatment of patients with unresectable or metastatic melanoma.

KEYTRUDA is indicated for the adjuvant treatment of patients with melanoma with involvement of lymph node(s) following complete resection.

Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer

KEYTRUDA, in combination with pemetrexed and platinum chemotherapy, is indicated for the first-line treatment of patients with metastatic nonsquamous non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), with no EGFR or ALK genomic tumor aberrations.

KEYTRUDA, in combination with carboplatin and either paclitaxel or paclitaxel protein-bound, is indicated for the first-line treatment of patients with metastatic squamous NSCLC.

KEYTRUDA, as a single agent, is indicated for the first-line treatment of patients with NSCLC expressing PD-L1 [tumor proportion score (TPS) 1%] as determined by an FDA-approved test, with no EGFR or ALK genomic tumor aberrations, and is stage III where patients are not candidates for surgical resection or definitive chemoradiation, or metastatic.

KEYTRUDA, as a single agent, is indicated for the treatment of patients with metastatic NSCLC whose tumors express PD-L1 (TPS 1%) as determined by an FDA-approved test, with disease progression on or after platinum-containing chemotherapy. Patients with EGFR or ALK genomic tumor aberrations should have disease progression on FDA-approved therapy for these aberrations prior to receiving KEYTRUDA.

Small Cell Lung Cancer

KEYTRUDA is indicated for the treatment of patients with metastatic small cell lung cancer (SCLC) with disease progression on or after platinum-based chemotherapy and at least 1 other prior line of therapy. This indication is approved under accelerated approval based on tumor response rate and durability of response. Continued approval for this indication may be contingent upon verification and description of clinical benefit in confirmatory trials.

Head and Neck Squamous Cell Cancer

KEYTRUDA, in combination with platinum and fluorouracil (FU), is indicated for the first-line treatment of patients with metastatic or with unresectable, recurrent head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC).

KEYTRUDA, as a single agent, is indicated for the first-line treatment of patients with metastatic or with unresectable, recurrent HNSCC whose tumors express PD-L1 [combined positive score (CPS) 1] as determined by an FDA-approved test.

KEYTRUDA, as a single agent, is indicated for the treatment of patients with recurrent or metastatic head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) with disease progression on or after platinum-containing chemotherapy.

Classical Hodgkin Lymphoma

KEYTRUDA is indicated for the treatment of adult patients with relapsed or refractory classical Hodgkin lymphoma (cHL).

KEYTRUDA is indicated for the treatment of pediatric patients with refractory cHL, or cHL that has relapsed after 2 or more lines of therapy.

Primary Mediastinal Large B-Cell Lymphoma

KEYTRUDA is indicated for the treatment of adult and pediatric patients with refractory primary mediastinal large B-cell lymphoma (PMBCL), or who have relapsed after 2 or more prior lines of therapy. This indication is approved under accelerated approval based on tumor response rate and durability of response. Continued approval for this indication may be contingent upon verification and description of clinical benefit in confirmatory trials. KEYTRUDA is not recommended for treatment of patients with PMBCL who require urgent cytoreductive therapy.

Urothelial Carcinoma

KEYTRUDA is indicated for the treatment of patients with locally advanced or metastatic urothelial carcinoma (mUC) who are not eligible for cisplatin-containing chemotherapy and whose tumors express PD-L1 [combined positive score (CPS) 10], as determined by an FDA-approved test, or in patients who are not eligible for any platinum-containing chemotherapy regardless of PD-L1 status. This indication is approved under accelerated approval based on tumor response rate and duration of response. Continued approval for this indication may be contingent upon verification and description of clinical benefit in confirmatory trials.

KEYTRUDA is indicated for the treatment of patients with locally advanced or metastatic urothelial carcinoma (mUC) who have disease progression during or following platinum-containing chemotherapy or within 12 months of neoadjuvant or adjuvant treatment with platinum-containing chemotherapy.

KEYTRUDA is indicated for the treatment of patients with Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG)-unresponsive, high-risk, non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) with carcinoma in situ (CIS) with or without papillary tumors who are ineligible for or have elected not to undergo cystectomy.

Microsatellite Instability-High or Mismatch Repair Deficient Cancer

KEYTRUDA is indicated for the treatment of adult and pediatric patients with unresectable or metastatic microsatellite instability-high (MSI-H) or mismatch repair deficient (dMMR)

This indication is approved under accelerated approval based on tumor response rate and durability of response. Continued approval for this indication may be contingent upon verification and description of clinical benefit in the confirmatory trials. The safety and effectiveness of KEYTRUDA in pediatric patients with MSI-H central nervous system cancers have not been established.

Microsatellite Instability-High or Mismatch Repair Deficient Colorectal Cancer

KEYTRUDA is indicated for the first-line treatment of patients with unresectable or metastatic MSI-H or dMMR colorectal cancer (CRC).

Gastric Cancer

KEYTRUDA is indicated for the treatment of patients with recurrent locally advanced or metastatic gastric or gastroesophageal junction (GEJ) adenocarcinoma whose tumors express PD-L1 (CPS 1) as determined by an FDA-approved test, with disease progression on or after two or more prior lines of therapy including fluoropyrimidine- and platinum-containing chemotherapy and if appropriate, HER2/neu-targeted therapy. This indication is approved under accelerated approval based on tumor response rate and durability of response. Continued approval for this indication may be contingent upon verification and description of clinical benefit in the confirmatory trials.

Esophageal Cancer

KEYTRUDA is indicated for the treatment of patients with recurrent locally advanced or metastatic squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus whose tumors express PD-L1 (CPS 10) as determined by an FDA-approved test, with disease progression after one or more prior lines of systemic therapy.

Cervical Cancer

KEYTRUDA is indicated for the treatment of patients with recurrent or metastatic cervical cancer with disease progression on or after chemotherapy whose tumors express PD-L1 (CPS 1) as determined by an FDA-approved test. This indication is approved under accelerated approval based on tumor response rate and durability of response. Continued approval for this indication may be contingent upon verification and description of clinical benefit in the confirmatory trials.

Hepatocellular Carcinoma

KEYTRUDA is indicated for the treatment of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) who have been previously treated with sorafenib. This indication is approved under accelerated approval based on tumor response rate and durability of response. Continued approval for this indication may be contingent upon verification and description of clinical benefit in the confirmatory trials.

Merkel Cell Carcinoma

KEYTRUDA is indicated for the treatment of adult and pediatric patients with recurrent locally advanced or metastatic Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC). This indication is approved under accelerated approval based on tumor response rate and durability of response. Continued approval for this indication may be contingent upon verification and description of clinical benefit in the confirmatory trials.

Renal Cell Carcinoma

KEYTRUDA, in combination with axitinib, is indicated for the first-line treatment of patients with advanced renal cell carcinoma (RCC).

Endometrial Carcinoma

KEYTRUDA, in combination with LENVIMA, is indicated for the treatment of patients with advanced endometrial carcinoma that is not MSI-H or dMMR, who have disease progression following prior systemic therapy and are not candidates for curative surgery or radiation. This indication is approved under accelerated approval based on tumor response rate and durability of response. Continued approval for this indication may be contingent upon verification and description of clinical benefit in the confirmatory trial.

Tumor Mutational Burden-High

KEYTRUDA is indicated for the treatment of adult and pediatric patients with unresectable or metastatic tumor mutational burden-high (TMB-H) [10 mutations/megabase (mut/Mb)] solid tumors, as determined by an FDA-approved test, that have progressed following prior treatment and who have no satisfactory alternative treatment options. This indication is approved under accelerated approval based on tumor response rate and durability of response. Continued approval for this indication may be contingent upon verification and description of clinical benefit in the confirmatory trials. The safety and effectiveness of KEYTRUDA in pediatric patients with TMB-H central nervous system cancers have not been established.

Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinoma

KEYTRUDA is indicated for the treatment of patients with recurrent or metastatic cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) that is not curable by surgery or radiation.

Selected Important Safety Information for KEYTRUDA (pembrolizumab)

Immune-Mediated Pneumonitis

KEYTRUDA can cause immune-mediated pneumonitis, including fatal cases. Pneumonitis occurred in 3.4% (94/2799) of patients with various cancers receiving KEYTRUDA, including Grade 1 (0.8%), 2 (1.3%), 3 (0.9%), 4 (0.3%), and 5 (0.1%). Pneumonitis occurred in 8.2% (65/790) of NSCLC patients receiving KEYTRUDA as a single agent, including Grades 3-4 in 3.2% of patients, and occurred more frequently in patients with a history of prior thoracic radiation (17%) compared to those without (7.7%). Pneumonitis occurred in 6% (18/300) of HNSCC patients receiving KEYTRUDA as a single agent, including Grades 3-5 in 1.6% of patients, and occurred in 5.4% (15/276) of patients receiving KEYTRUDA in combination with platinum and FU as first-line therapy for advanced disease, including Grades 3-5 in 1.5% of patients.

Monitor patients for signs and symptoms of pneumonitis. Evaluate suspected pneumonitis with radiographic imaging. Administer corticosteroids for Grade 2 or greater pneumonitis. Withhold KEYTRUDA for Grade 2; permanently discontinue KEYTRUDA for Grade 3 or 4 or recurrent Grade 2 pneumonitis.

Immune-Mediated Colitis

KEYTRUDA can cause immune-mediated colitis. Colitis occurred in 1.7% (48/2799) of patients receiving KEYTRUDA, including Grade 2 (0.4%), 3 (1.1%), and 4 (<0.1%). Monitor patients for signs and symptoms of colitis. Administer corticosteroids for Grade 2 or greater colitis. Withhold KEYTRUDA for Grade 2 or 3; permanently discontinue KEYTRUDA for Grade 4 colitis.

Immune-Mediated Hepatitis (KEYTRUDA) and Hepatotoxicity (KEYTRUDA in Combination With Axitinib)

Immune-Mediated Hepatitis

KEYTRUDA can cause immune-mediated hepatitis. Hepatitis occurred in 0.7% (19/2799) of patients receiving KEYTRUDA, including Grade 2 (0.1%), 3 (0.4%), and 4 (<0.1%). Monitor patients for changes in liver function. Administer corticosteroids for Grade 2 or greater hepatitis and, based on severity of liver enzyme elevations, withhold or discontinue KEYTRUDA.

Hepatotoxicity in Combination With Axitinib

KEYTRUDA in combination with axitinib can cause hepatic toxicity with higher than expected frequencies of Grades 3 and 4 ALT and AST elevations compared to KEYTRUDA alone. With the combination of KEYTRUDA and axitinib, Grades 3 and 4 increased ALT (20%) and increased AST (13%) were seen. Monitor liver enzymes before initiation of and periodically throughout treatment. Consider more frequent monitoring of liver enzymes as compared to when the drugs are administered as single agents. For elevated liver enzymes, interrupt KEYTRUDA and axitinib, and consider administering corticosteroids as needed.

Immune-Mediated Endocrinopathies

KEYTRUDA can cause adrenal insufficiency (primary and secondary), hypophysitis, thyroid disorders, and type 1 diabetes mellitus. Adrenal insufficiency occurred in 0.8% (22/2799) of patients, including Grade 2 (0.3%), 3 (0.3%), and 4 (<0.1%). Hypophysitis occurred in 0.6% (17/2799) of patients, including Grade 2 (0.2%), 3 (0.3%), and 4 (<0.1%). Hypothyroidism occurred in 8.5% (237/2799) of patients, including Grade 2 (6.2%) and 3 (0.1%). The incidence of new or worsening hypothyroidism was higher in 1185 patients with HNSCC (16%) receiving KEYTRUDA, as a single agent or in combination with platinum and FU, including Grade 3 (0.3%) hypothyroidism. Hyperthyroidism occurred in 3.4% (96/2799) of patients, including Grade 2 (0.8%) and 3 (0.1%), and thyroiditis occurred in 0.6% (16/2799) of patients, including Grade 2 (0.3%). Type 1 diabetes mellitus, including diabetic ketoacidosis, occurred in 0.2% (6/2799) of patients.

Monitor patients for signs and symptoms of adrenal insufficiency, hypophysitis (including hypopituitarism), thyroid function (prior to and periodically during treatment), and hyperglycemia. For adrenal insufficiency or hypophysitis, administer corticosteroids and hormone replacement as clinically indicated. Withhold KEYTRUDA for Grade 2 adrenal insufficiency or hypophysitis and withhold or discontinue KEYTRUDA for Grade 3 or Grade 4 adrenal insufficiency or hypophysitis. Administer hormone replacement for hypothyroidism and manage hyperthyroidism with thionamides and beta-blockers as appropriate. Withhold or discontinue KEYTRUDA for Grade 3 or 4 hyperthyroidism. Administer insulin for type 1 diabetes, and withhold KEYTRUDA and administer antihyperglycemics in patients with severe hyperglycemia.

Immune-Mediated Nephritis and Renal Dysfunction

KEYTRUDA can cause immune-mediated nephritis. Nephritis occurred in 0.3% (9/2799) of patients receiving KEYTRUDA, including Grade 2 (0.1%), 3 (0.1%), and 4 (<0.1%) nephritis. Nephritis occurred in 1.7% (7/405) of patients receiving KEYTRUDA in combination with pemetrexed and platinum chemotherapy. Monitor patients for changes in renal function. Administer corticosteroids for Grade 2 or greater nephritis. Withhold KEYTRUDA for Grade 2; permanently discontinue for Grade 3 or 4 nephritis.

Immune-Mediated Skin Reactions

Immune-mediated rashes, including Stevens-Johnson syndrome (SJS), toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN) (some cases with fatal outcome), exfoliative dermatitis, and bullous pemphigoid, can occur. Monitor patients for suspected severe skin reactions and based on the severity of the adverse reaction, withhold or permanently discontinue KEYTRUDA and administer corticosteroids. For signs or symptoms of SJS or TEN, withhold KEYTRUDA and refer the patient for specialized care for assessment and treatment. If SJS or TEN is confirmed, permanently discontinue KEYTRUDA.

Other Immune-Mediated Adverse Reactions

Immune-mediated adverse reactions, which may be severe or fatal, can occur in any organ system or tissue in patients receiving KEYTRUDA and may also occur after discontinuation of treatment. For suspected immune-mediated adverse reactions, ensure adequate evaluation to confirm etiology or exclude other causes. Based on the severity of the adverse reaction, withhold KEYTRUDA and administer corticosteroids. Upon improvement to Grade 1 or less, initiate corticosteroid taper and continue to taper over at least 1 month. Based on limited data from clinical studies in patients whose immune-related adverse reactions could not be controlled with corticosteroid use, administration of other systemic immunosuppressants can be considered. Resume KEYTRUDA when the adverse reaction remains at Grade 1 or less following corticosteroid taper. Permanently discontinue KEYTRUDA for any Grade 3 immune-mediated adverse reaction that recurs and for any life-threatening immune-mediated adverse reaction.

The following clinically significant immune-mediated adverse reactions occurred in less than 1% (unless otherwise indicated) of 2799 patients: arthritis (1.5%), uveitis, myositis, Guillain-Barr syndrome, myasthenia gravis, vasculitis, pancreatitis, hemolytic anemia, sarcoidosis, and encephalitis. In addition, myelitis and myocarditis were reported in other clinical trials, including classical Hodgkin lymphoma, and postmarketing use.

Treatment with KEYTRUDA may increase the risk of rejection in solid organ transplant recipients. Consider the benefit of treatment vs the risk of possible organ rejection in these patients.

Infusion-Related Reactions

KEYTRUDA can cause severe or life-threatening infusion-related reactions, including hypersensitivity and anaphylaxis, which have been reported in 0.2% (6/2799) of patients. Monitor patients for signs and symptoms of infusion-related reactions. For Grade 3 or 4 reactions, stop infusion and permanently discontinue KEYTRUDA.

Complications of Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation (HSCT)

Immune-mediated complications, including fatal events, occurred in patients who underwent allogeneic HSCT after treatment with KEYTRUDA. Of 23 patients with cHL who proceeded to allogeneic HSCT after KEYTRUDA, 6 (26%) developed graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) (1 fatal case) and 2 (9%) developed severe hepatic veno-occlusive disease (VOD) after reduced-intensity conditioning (1 fatal case). Cases of fatal hyperacute GVHD after allogeneic HSCT have also been reported in patients with lymphoma who received a PD-1 receptorblocking antibody before transplantation. Follow patients closely for early evidence of transplant-related complications such as hyperacute graft-versus-host disease (GVHD), Grade 3 to 4 acute GVHD, steroid-requiring febrile syndrome, hepatic veno-occlusive disease (VOD), and other immune-mediated adverse reactions.

In patients with a history of allogeneic HSCT, acute GVHD (including fatal GVHD) has been reported after treatment with KEYTRUDA. Patients who experienced GVHD after their transplant procedure may be at increased risk for GVHD after KEYTRUDA. Consider the benefit of KEYTRUDA vs the risk of GVHD in these patients.

Increased Mortality in Patients With Multiple Myeloma

In trials in patients with multiple myeloma, the addition of KEYTRUDA to a thalidomide analogue plus dexamethasone resulted in increased mortality. Treatment of these patients with a PD-1 or PD-L1 blocking antibody in this combination is not recommended outside of controlled trials.

Embryofetal Toxicity

Based on its mechanism of action, KEYTRUDA can cause fetal harm when administered to a pregnant woman. Advise women of this potential risk. In females of reproductive potential, verify pregnancy status prior to initiating KEYTRUDA and advise them to use effective contraception during treatment and for 4 months after the last dose.

Adverse Reactions

In KEYNOTE-006, KEYTRUDA was discontinued due to adverse reactions in 9% of 555 patients with advanced melanoma; adverse reactions leading to permanent discontinuation in more than one patient were colitis (1.4%), autoimmune hepatitis (0.7%), allergic reaction (0.4%), polyneuropathy (0.4%), and cardiac failure (0.4%). The most common adverse reactions (20%) with KEYTRUDA were fatigue (28%), diarrhea (26%), rash (24%), and nausea (21%).

In KEYNOTE-002, KEYTRUDA was permanently discontinued due to adverse reactions in 12% of 357 patients with advanced melanoma; the most common (1%) were general physical health deterioration (1%), asthenia (1%), dyspnea (1%), pneumonitis (1%), and generalized edema (1%). The most common adverse reactions were fatigue (43%), pruritus (28%), rash (24%), constipation (22%), nausea (22%), diarrhea (20%), and decreased appetite (20%).

In KEYNOTE-054, KEYTRUDA was permanently discontinued due to adverse reactions in 14% of 509 patients; the most common (1%) were pneumonitis (1.4%), colitis (1.2%), and diarrhea (1%). Serious adverse reactions occurred in 25% of patients receiving KEYTRUDA. The most common adverse reaction (20%) with KEYTRUDA was diarrhea (28%).

In KEYNOTE-189, when KEYTRUDA was administered with pemetrexed and platinum chemotherapy in metastatic nonsquamous NSCLC, KEYTRUDA was discontinued due to adverse reactions in 20% of 405 patients. The most common adverse reactions resulting in permanent discontinuation of KEYTRUDA were pneumonitis (3%) and acute kidney injury (2%). The most common adverse reactions (20%) with KEYTRUDA were nausea (56%), fatigue (56%), constipation (35%), diarrhea (31%), decreased appetite (28%), rash (25%), vomiting (24%), cough (21%), dyspnea (21%), and pyrexia (20%).

In KEYNOTE-407, when KEYTRUDA was administered with carboplatin and either paclitaxel or paclitaxel protein-bound in metastatic squamous NSCLC, KEYTRUDA was discontinued due to adverse reactions in 15% of 101 patients. The most frequent serious adverse reactions reported in at least 2% of patients were febrile neutropenia, pneumonia, and urinary tract infection. Adverse reactions observed in KEYNOTE-407 were similar to those observed in KEYNOTE-189 with the exception that increased incidences of alopecia (47% vs 36%) and peripheral neuropathy (31% vs 25%) were observed in the KEYTRUDA and chemotherapy arm compared to the placebo and chemotherapy arm in KEYNOTE-407.

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KEYTRUDA (pembrolizumab) Plus LENVIMA (lenvatinib) Demonstrated Statistically Significant Improvement in Progression-Free Survival (PFS), Overall...

Cardiac Stem Cells Comments Off on KEYTRUDA (pembrolizumab) Plus LENVIMA (lenvatinib) Demonstrated Statistically Significant Improvement in Progression-Free Survival (PFS), Overall… | November 10th, 2020

The report on the Progenitor Cell Product Market offers elaborated knowledge on the Progenitor Cell Product market. parts like dominating firms, classification, size, business atmosphere, SWOT analysis, and most effectual trends within the business area unit comprised during this analysis study. In this report, the global Progenitor Cell Product market is valued at USD XX million in 2020and is expected to reach USD XX million by the end of 2026, growing at a CAGR of XX% between 2020and 2026. additionally to the current, the report sports charts, numbers, and tables that provide a transparent viewpoint of the Progenitor Cell Product market. The dominant firms NeuroNova AB, StemCells, ReNeuron Limited, Asterias Biotherapeutics, Thermo Fisher Scientific, STEMCELL Technologies, Axol Bio, RD Systems, Lonza, ATCC, Irvine Scientific, CDI area unit to boot mentioned within the report.

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Global Progenitor Cell Product Professional Survey 2020 by Manufacturers, Regions, Types and Applications, Forecast to 2026 - Zenit News

Cardiac Stem Cells Comments Off on Global Progenitor Cell Product Professional Survey 2020 by Manufacturers, Regions, Types and Applications, Forecast to 2026 – Zenit News | November 10th, 2020

Pune, Maharashtra,India, November 9 2020 (Wiredrelease) Origius Systems Private Limited :The increasing occurrence of chronic ailments and obesity all over the world is driving the global biopreservation market growth. The North America region is expected to lead the market growth in the projected period.

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The report covers the following aspects:

A brief introduction of the market with its definition, advantages, and application areas. Inclusive insights on the market situation, dynamics, statistics, growth rate, revenues, market shares, and future predictions. Major market segments, drivers, limitations, and investment suitability. Current scenario of the global and regional market from the perspective of companies, countries, and end industries. Insights on foremost market players, current market trends & developments, SWOT Analysis, Porter Five Analysis, and winning business strategies.

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Factors Impacting the Market Growth:

According to the report, growing occurrence of chronic ailments like diabetes, cardiac, degenerative conditions affecting the joints, nerves, bones, and others as well as obesity all over the world are thrusting the demand for biopreservation techniques, which is fueling the growth of the market. Additionally, the increasing investments in R&D and development of advanced biopreservation products is expected to unlock rewarding opportunities for the market growth. However, greater costs involved in biopreservation processes, reliability concerns, and invention of low-priced processes are likely to detain the biopreservation market growth.

Segment Analysis:

The report segments the biopreservation market into type, biospecimen, application, end use, and region.

Based on biospecimen, the report divides the market into: Stem Cells Human Tissue Organs

Among these, the human tissue segment is expected to witness highest growth in the biopreservation market all through the projected period; mainly due to rising cases of chronic ailments, degenerative disorders, and obesity.

Based on application, the report classifies the market into: Therapeutic Research Clinical Trials

Among these, the therapeutic segment is projected to show noteworthy growth during the forecast period. This is mainly owing to the developments in treatment techniques, personalized drugs, regenerative drugs, increasing trend for cord blood banking, and increasing occurrence of chronic ailments worldwide.

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Regional Analysis:

The report states the scenario of the global biopreservation market across several regions including: Europe LAMEA North America Asia Pacific

Among these, the North America region is projected to grab the highest market share of the biopreservation market in the forecast period. This is attributed to the growing awareness about personalized drugs, rising R&D in regenerative medicines, increasing prevalence of obesity, and chronic ailments.

Market Players and Business Strategies:

The report cites some of the leading players in the global biopreservation market which includes: Avantor, Inc. Bio-Techne Exact Sciences Corporation Merck KGaA ThermoGenesis Corp. BioLifeSolutions Inc. BioCision Chart Industries Thermo Fisher Scientific Inc. Worthington Industries, Inc.

The report highlights some of the wining business strategies of the players such as mergers and acquisitions, ground-breaking advances, geographical expansions, new product inventions, and many more.Quick Download Top Companies Development Strategies Summary Report

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Advancement: Know the Rapid Growth Factors of Biopreservation Market| Stay Up-To-Date With Emerging - PharmiWeb.com

Cardiac Stem Cells Comments Off on Advancement: Know the Rapid Growth Factors of Biopreservation Market| Stay Up-To-Date With Emerging – PharmiWeb.com | November 10th, 2020

Global Mesenchymal Stem Cells market report 2020 offers extremely oblique professional analysis and forecast from 2020 to 2026. The report also consists of market shares, size, profit revenue, and the Mesenchymal Stem Cells markets economic process. It also covers the strategic identification of major players within the market and analyzing their core competencies and methodology. The Mesenchymal Stem Cells market report analyzes information collected and integrated through recent analysis techniques and from trustful sources across varied industries.

A thorough evaluation of the restrains encompassed in the Mesenchymal Stem Cells report reveals the difference to drivers and contributes room for strategic planning. Features that overshadow the Mesenchymal Stem Cells market development are essential. They can be understood to devise different bends for getting hold of the profitable prospects present in the ever-growing market. Additionally, perceptions by market expert opinions have been taken to understand the Mesenchymal Stem Cells market better.

[Due to the pandemic, we have included a special section on the Impact of COVID 19 on the market which would mention How the Covid-19 is Affecting the Global Mesenchymal Stem Cells Market]

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Top Key Players of Mesenchymal Stem Cells Market:

(Celprogen Inc., Axol Bioscience Ltd., Stemedica Cell Technologies Inc., Cell Applications Inc., Stem cell technologies Inc., Cytori Therapeutics Inc., Cyagen Biosciences Inc., BrainStorm Cell Therapeutics.)

On the basis of Types, the Mesenchymal Stem Cells market:

Bone Marrow Umbilical Cord Blood Peripheral Blood Lung Tissue Synovial Tissues Amniotic Fluids Adipose Tissues

On the basis of Applications, the Mesenchymal Stem Cells market:

Injuries Drug Discovery Cardiovascular Infraction Others

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Geographically, the detailed analysis of consumption, revenue, market share and growth rate, historic and forecast (2016-2026) of the following regions are including,

The Research aims of the Mesenchymal Stem Cells Market report would be:

Major TOC points

1Mesenchymal Stem Cells Market Overview

1.1 Product Overview and Scope of Mesenchymal Stem Cells

1.2 Segment by Type

1.2.1 Global Sales Growth Rate Comparison by Type (2021-2026)

1.2.2 Type 1

1.2.3 Type 2

1.3 Segment by Application

1.3.1 Sales Comparison by Application: 2020 VS 2026

1.3.2 Application 1

1.3.3 Application 2

1.4 Global Market Size Estimates and Forecasts

1.4.1 Global Revenue 2016-2026

1.4.2 Global Sales 2016-2026

1.4.3 Mesenchymal Stem Cells Market Size by Region: 2020 Versus 2026

2 Global Mesenchymal Stem Cells Market Competition by Manufacturers

2.1 Global Sales Market Share by Manufacturers (2016-2020)

2.2 Global Revenue Share by Manufacturers (2016-2020)

2.3 Global Average Price by Manufacturers (2016-2020)

2.4 ManufacturersMesenchymal Stem Cells Manufacturing Sites, Area Served, Product Type

2.5 Market Competitive Situation and Trends

2.5.1 Mesenchymal Stem Cells Market Concentration Rate

2.5.2 Global Top 5 and Top 10 Players Market Share by Revenue

2.5.3 Market Share by Company Type (Tier 1, Tier 2, and Tier 3)

2.6 Manufacturers Mergers and Acquisitions, Expansion Plans

2.7 Primary Interviews with KeyMesenchymal Stem Cells Players (Opinion Leaders)

3 Mesenchymal Stem Cells Retrospective Market Scenario by Region

3.1 Global Mesenchymal Stem Cells Retrospective Market Scenario in Sales by Region: 2016-2020

3.2 Global Mesenchymal Stem Cells Retrospective Market Scenario in Revenue by Region: 2016-2020

3.3 North America Market Facts and Figures by Country

3.4 EuropeMesenchymal Stem Cells Facts and Figures by Country

3.5 Asia Pacific Market Facts and Figures by Region

3.6 Latin America Market Facts and Figures by Country

3.7 the Middle East and Africa Market Facts and Figures by Country

4 Global Mesenchymal Stem Cells Historic Market Analysis by Type

4.1 Global Sales Market Share by Type (2016-2020)

4.2 Global Revenue Market Share by Type (2016-2020)

4.3 Global Price Market Share by Type (2016-2020)

4.4 Global Market Share by Price Tier (2016-2020)

5 GlobalMesenchymal Stem Cells Historic Market Analysis by Application

5.1 Global Sales Market Share by Application (2016-2020)

5.2 Global Revenue Market Share by Application (2016-2020)

5.3 Global Price by Application (2016-2020)

..Countinued

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Mesenchymal Stem Cells Market to Witness Significant Rise in Revenue and Covid-19 Impact by 2026 | Celprogen Inc., Axol Bioscience Ltd., Stemedica...

Bone Marrow Stem Cells Comments Off on Mesenchymal Stem Cells Market to Witness Significant Rise in Revenue and Covid-19 Impact by 2026 | Celprogen Inc., Axol Bioscience Ltd., Stemedica… | November 8th, 2020

The recent study on the Autologous Stem Cell Based Therapies market offers a competitive advantage to organizations operating in this industry vertical through a comprehensive assessment of the present and future growth prospects.

The report explicates important facets such as primary growth catalysts, and opportunities that will ensure the revenue flow in the coming years. Further, it lists the challenges and limitations along with solutions to overcome them. Insights germane to the market share and growth rate estimates of the industry segments are also provided as well.

Apart from this, the study delves into the business scenario across the various regional markets and profiles the companies that have reigned in these geographies. Further, it highlights the prevalent strategies adopted by leading companies while simultaneously suggesting changes and new tactics for adapting to the uncertainties brought in by the Covid-19 pandemic.

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Key pointers from the TOC of the Autologous Stem Cell Based Therapies market report:

Product gamut

Application scope

Regional outlook

Competitive landscape

In conclusion, the study systematically investigates the Autologous Stem Cell Based Therapies market through various segments to provide a broad view of this business sphere. In addition, it expounds the supply chain in terms of distributors, downstream consumers, and upstream material and equipment traders in this industry.

Reasons to access this Report:

The key questions answered in this report:

Significant Point Mentioned in theResearch report:

Table of Contents for market shares by application, research objectives, market sections by type and forecast years considered:

Autologous Stem Cell Based Therapies Market Share by Key Players: Here, capital, revenue, and price analysis by the business are included along with other sections such as development plans, areas served, products offered by key players, alliance and acquisition and headquarters distribution.

Global Growth Trends: Industry trends, the growth rate of major producers, and production analysis are the segments included in this chapter.

Market Size by Application: This segment includes Autologous Stem Cell Based Therapies market consumption analysis by application.

Autologous Stem Cell Based Therapies market Size by Type: It includes analysis of value, product utility, market percentage, and production market share by type.

Profiles of Manufacturers: Here, commanding players of the global Autologous Stem Cell Based Therapies market are studied based on sales area, key products, gross margin, revenue, price, and production.

Autologous Stem Cell Based Therapies Market Value Chain and Sales Channel Analysis: It includes customer, distributor, market value chain, and sales channel analysis.

Market Forecast: This section is focused on production and production value forecast, key producers forecast by type, application, and regions

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Autologous Stem Cell Based Therapies Market 2020 Emerging Trend and Advancement - News by aeresearch

Cardiac Stem Cells Comments Off on Autologous Stem Cell Based Therapies Market 2020 Emerging Trend and Advancement – News by aeresearch | November 8th, 2020

This article was originally published here

Cell Mol Neurobiol. 2020 Nov 5. doi: 10.1007/s10571-020-00989-x. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

This article reviews the wealth of papers dealing with the different effects of epidermal growth factor (EGF) on oligodendrocytes, astrocytes, neurons, and neural stem cells (NSCs). EGF induces the in vitro and in vivo proliferation of NSCs, their migration, and their differentiation towards the neuroglial cell line. It interacts with extracellular matrix components. NSCs are distributed in different CNS areas, serve as a reservoir of multipotent cells, and may be increased during CNS demyelinating diseases. EGF has pleiotropic differentiative and proliferative effects on the main CNS cell types, particularly oligodendrocytes and their precursors, and astrocytes. EGF mediates the in vivo myelinotrophic effect of cobalamin on the CNS, and modulates the synthesis and levels of CNS normal prions (PrPCs), both of which are indispensable for myelinogenesis and myelin maintenance. EGF levels are significantly lower in the cerebrospinal fluid and spinal cord of patients with multiple sclerosis (MS), which probably explains remyelination failure, also because of the EGF marginal role in immunology. When repeatedly administered, EGF protects mouse spinal cord from demyelination in various experimental models of autoimmune encephalomyelitis. It would be worth further investigating the role of EGF in the pathogenesis of MS because of its multifarious effects.

PMID:33151415 | DOI:10.1007/s10571-020-00989-x

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Epidermal Growth Factor in the CNS: A Beguiling Journey from Integrated Cell Biology to Multiple Sclerosis. An Extensive Translational Overview -...

Spinal Cord Stem Cells Comments Off on Epidermal Growth Factor in the CNS: A Beguiling Journey from Integrated Cell Biology to Multiple Sclerosis. An Extensive Translational Overview -… | November 8th, 2020

Adipose tissue is rich in multi potent stem cells that have the capability to differentiate into a number of cell types including adipocytes, osteocytes, chondrocytes and others, in vitro. These Adipose Tissue-derived Stem Cells are used for a number of applications including stem cell differentiation studies, regenerative medicine, cell therapy, tissue engineering and development of induced pluripotent stem cell lineage. Adult stem cells such as the Adipose Tissue-derived Stem Cells have a very good potential for regenerative medicine. The Adipose Tissue-derived Stem Cells show higher yields compared with other stem cell sources. Some of the regenerative medicine applications using Adipose Tissue-derived Stem Cells include skin, bone and cartilage regeneration.

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Although, Adipose Tissue-derived Stem Cells have the ability to differentiate into different cell types in vitro, unlike the embryonic stem cells they lack the ability to differentiate into all types of organs and tissues of the body. Derivation of stem cells from adipose tissue have a number of advantages including that fat tissue contain 100 to 1000 times more mesenchymal stem cells than the bone marrow. Furthermore the method of collection of fat tissue is relatively easier and is less invasive than that of bone marrow collection. Although Adipose Tissue-derived Stem Cells have a potential to be used in cell-based therapy, there are a number of challenges the Adipose Tissue-derived Stem Cells market has to face. Some of the challenge include the safety issue for the clinical use of Adipose Tissue-derived Stem Cells, development and differentiation of the cells, delivery of the cells in vivo and immune response after the transplant.

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The global Adipose Tissue-derived Stem Cells market is segmented based on product type and end user. Based on product type the Adipose Tissue-derived Stem Cells can be categorized into cell line and reagent & kits. Cell line can be further classified based on the source of the adipose tissue such as human and rodents. Based on reagents the Adipose Tissue-derived Stem Cells market is further classified as media & sera and kits. Based on application the Adipose Tissue-derived Stem Cells market is classified into regenerative medicine, cell therapy, tissue engineering, and other applications such as cell differentiation studies and other similar research. End users of Adipose Tissue-derived Stem Cells market are biotechnology companies and academic and research institutes.

The Global Adipose Tissue-derived Stem Cells market is classified on the basis of product type, end user and region:

Based on the Product Type, Adipose Tissue-derived Stem Cells market is segmented into following:

Based on the application, Adipose Tissue-derived Stem Cells market is segmented into following:

Based on the end user, Adipose Tissue-derived Stem Cells market is segment as below:

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Growing research activities using stem cells along with the growth of regenerative medicine and cell therapy the global Adipose Tissue-derived Stem Cells market is set to expand considerably during the forecast period. However, ethical concerns and stringent regulations may hinder the growth of the global Adipose Tissue-derived Stem Cells market.

On the basis of geography, global Adipose Tissue-derived Stem Cells market is segmented into six major regions that include North America, Latin America, Europe, Asia-Pacific excluding China, China and Middle East & Africa. North America is expected to be the most lucrative Adipose Tissue-derived Stem Cells market owing to increased research activity of stem cells. Furthermore government support for regenerative and stem cell based studies along with cell therapy studies is driving the growth of the Adipose Tissue-derived Stem Cells market in the region. Changing government regulations in china is supporting the research activity that supports the growth of the adipose tissue-derived stem cell market in the region at a considerable rate.

Key participants operating in the Adipose Tissue-derived Stem Cells market are: Lonza, ThermoFisher Scientific, Celprogen, Inc, American CryoStem, Rexgenero Ltd, iXCells Biotechnologies, Merck KGaA, Lifeline Cell Technology, and others.

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Our client success stories feature a range of clients from Fortune 500 companies to fast-growing startups. PMRs collaborative environment is committed to building industry-specific solutions by transforming data from multiple streams into a strategic asset.

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The Adipose Tissue Derived Stem Cells market to grow in the wake of incorporation of the latest technology - The Think Curiouser

Skin Stem Cells Comments Off on The Adipose Tissue Derived Stem Cells market to grow in the wake of incorporation of the latest technology – The Think Curiouser | November 8th, 2020

Trusted Business Insights answers what are the scenarios for growth and recovery and whether there will be any lasting structural impact from the unfolding crisis for the Cell Expansion market.

Trusted Business Insights presents an updated and Latest Study on Cell Expansion Market 2020-2029. The report contains market predictions related to market size, revenue, production, CAGR, Consumption, gross margin, price, and other substantial factors. While emphasizing the key driving and restraining forces for this market, the report also offers a complete study of the future trends and developments of the market.The report further elaborates on the micro and macroeconomic aspects including the socio-political landscape that is anticipated to shape the demand of the Cell Expansion market during the forecast period (2020-2029).It also examines the role of the leading market players involved in the industry including their corporate overview, financial summary, and SWOT analysis.

Get Sample Copy of this Report @ Cell Expansion Market 2020 and Forecast 2021-2027 Includes Business Impact Analysis of COVID-19

Report Overview: Cell Expansion Market

The global cell expansion market size was estimated at USD 18.1 billion in 2020 is expected to register a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 8.3% over the forecast period 2021-2027. Increase in usage of automated solutions in cell expansion applications is one of the market drivers. Automated systems minimize the manpower and cost incurred during the production of Cell Therapy Products (CTP), gene therapies, and other biologics; leading to robust and reliable processes.

Key players engaged in CTP development are expanding their product line to suffice the significant rise in the global demand for these therapy products. For instance, in March 2019, Lonza introduced a comprehensive portfolio of CellBio Services, which includes cell-line expansion and banking services. This solution is designed to fulfill research application requirements, finally accelerating the revenue generation in the market.

The paradigm shift toward Single-Use Systems (SUS) offers substantial production advantages in CTP manufacturing. SUS eliminates concerns of cross-contamination and culture contamination caused due to inappropriate sterilization. SUS also allows the production of CTP with high cell densities as well as offers cost-savings in the long run. Thus, a rise in the adoption of SUS surges the development of CTP, which boosts the market growth.

Cellular therapies are constantly gaining popularity in the life sciences industry. Rise in funding from private & government organizations and initiatives undertaken by them to encourage the development of cellular therapies act as drivers for the market. The International Society for Stem Cell Research is involved in the identification of stem cell-related funding opportunities across biomedical research applications.

Substitution of serum and other incompatible reagents is essential to control the quality of the product in CTP manufacturing. Several research studies have validated that the application of serum-free media controls product quality. Researchers have also developed an optimization platform that integrates high-throughput tools with a differential evolution-based algorithm, which acts as an automated effective optimization strategy for serum-free culture formulations.

Product Insights: Cell Expansion Market

Consumables led the product segment in 2019 and accounted for 46.8% of the overall share. It is estimated to retain its dominant position throughout the forecast years. Availability of a wide range of commercial media and reagent products that are dedicated to specific type of cells contributes to the large revenue share of this segment. In addition, these products are convenient, ready-to-use, and are also available as serum-free formulations.

The instruments segment is expected to register the highest CAGR over the forecast period owing to automation in bioreactors and other expansion platforms to enhance the efficiency of culturing procedures. The advent of automated platforms standardizes the process and facilitates process tracking while reducing the hands-on time; therefore, enables more effective use of the time of skilled personnel.

Continuous commercialization and introduction of automated culturing equipment also drive the revenue generation in the instruments segment. For instance, in March 2019, Hitachi, Ltd. commercialized its automated cell mass culture equipment in Japan. This commercialization allowed manufacture of induced pluripotent stem cells for regenerative medicine applications. Such efforts are expected to accelerate the revenue generation for instruments.

Cell Type Insights: Cell Expansion Market

Mammalian cells segment held the largest revenue share of 58.5% in 2019 and will remain dominant during the forecast period as these culture systems are highly preferred in production of complex protein therapeutics. This is because these systems are pharmacokinetically and functionally relevant to post-translational modifications in humans. Therefore, most of the biopharmaceuticals, including monoclonal antibodies, specific interferons, thrombolytics, and various therapeutic enzymes, are produced using these culture systems.

Differentiated human cells accounted for substantial revenue share as these cells perform a specific function in the body. Differentiated cells, such as fibroblasts, have gained immense importance in the cutaneous wound healing and skin bioengineering, thereby augmenting the segment growth. Moreover, evaluation of 3D Gingival Fibroblast (GF) toroids as a feasible and simple in vitro assay for biomaterial testing has expanded their usage rate.

Human stem cells have gained significant traction and are expected to witness the fastest CAGR from 2020 to 2027. The exponential growth of research in this sector and the huge success of regenerative medicine are among the key factors that can be attributed to the fastest growth rate. Furthermore, implementation of automated, robotic, and closed production systems in the manufacturing of clinical-grade mesenchymal stem cells drives the segment.

Application Insights: Cell Expansion Market

The biopharmaceutical segment captured the largest revenue share of 22.9% in 2019 owing to increase in the approvals of biopharmaceutical products in the past few years. The entry of new biopharmaceutical companies and the proliferation of bioprocessing technologies further drive the development of biopharmaceuticals, which, in turn, boosts the expansion procedures conducted during bio-production.

In addition, single-use technologies are gaining immense traction in manufacturing cellular therapies on a commercial level. The introduction of alternative planar cell expansion technologies, such as compact multi-layer bioreactors, has been witnessed over the years. This sufficed the requirement of closed systems that limits the potential risks associated with contamination and maintains control of a large-scale upstream production and unit production.The vaccine production segment is expected to witness the fastest growth rate during the forecast period due to the expansion of cell-based vaccine production in recent years. The production of these vaccines offers a cost-effective manufacturing solution while accelerating the development process.

End-use Insights: Cell Expansion Market

Biotechnology & biopharmaceutical companies segment held the largest share of 48% in 2019 and will expand further at a significant growth rate. The broadening horizon of cell-based therapeutics in the healthcare industry is one of the major factors contributing to the large share of biopharmaceutical companies. For instance, cellular-based therapies have gained immense popularity in regenerative medicine with constant improvements in injectable cell delivery systems for various clinical applications.

In addition, pharmaceutical & biopharmaceutical companies are also engaged in acquisitions to expand their product portfolio. For instance, in December 2019, Sartorius AG signed an agreement to acquire 50% shares of Biological Industries, an Israeli cell culture media manufacturer. This acquisition expanded the cell culture media portfolio of Sartorius, especially for cellular and gene therapies, regenerative medicine, and other advanced therapies.

Research institutes are anticipated to register the highest CAGR from 2020 to 2027 as researchers are engaged in several studies in the biomedical field. For instance, in April 2019, researchers at the University of Wisconsin, U.S., introduced a new technology for effortless development of the H3N2 vaccine. For this, they developed a new cell line that enhanced the growth of H3N2 for vaccine use. Such research findings are expected to help in introducing new products in this market.

Regional Insights: Cell Expansion Market

North America accounted for the largest share of 43.1% in 2019. The region will retain its leading position over the coming years due to a rise in funding initiatives by the government agencies, which has accelerated the manufacture of stem cells and the development of regenerative medicine and cellular therapy products. This, in turn, drives the demand for cell expansion platforms in this region.

For instance, in October 2019, the FDA and the Medical Technology Enterprise Consortium (MTEC) together provided funding of USD 5.3 million to the Southwest Research Institute (SwRI) (U.S.). The SwRI invested these funds to propagate cells for the development of personalized regenerative medicine. Such investments boost the revenue generation in this region.

Asia Pacific is expected to witness the fastest growth during the forecast period due to increasing efforts laid down by several local pharmaceutical and biotechnology companies to develop and commercialize their cellular therapies. An Indian company, Stempeutics Research Pvt. Ltd., signed an alliance with Kemwell Biopharma in July 2019 for the commercialization of its stem cell-based product, Stempeucel. Such agreements are expected to boost product sales of small- and mid-scale companies.

Key Companies & Market Share Insights: Cell Expansion Market

Key market participants are undertaking several initiatives to expand their market presence and maintain a competitive edge in the space. Moreover, they are involved in collaboration & partnership models, product development, agreements, and business expansion strategies in untapped regions.

For instance, in June 2019, Demcon acquired a share in the Scinus Cell Expansion B.V., a manufacturer of stem cell-based therapy equipment headquartered in the Netherlands. This acquisition helped Scinus to expand its business in the stem cell therapy market. Such growth initiatives are expected to enhance the utilization rate of bioreactors used for culturing stem cells, thereby leading to market growth. Some of the prominent players in the cell expansion market include:

Key companies Profiled: Cell Expansion Market Report

This report forecasts revenue growth at global, regional, and country levels and provides an analysis of the latest industry trends in each of the sub-segments from 2016 to 2027. For the purpose of this study, Trusted Business Insights has segmented the global cell expansion market report on the basis of product, cell type, application, end use, and region:

Product Outlook (Revenue, USD Million, 2016 2027)

Cell Type Outlook (Revenue, USD Million, 2016 2027)

Application Outlook (Revenue, USD Million, 2016 2027)

End-use Outlook (Revenue, USD Million, 2016 2027)

Looking for more? Check out our repository for all available reports on Cell Expansion in related sectors.

Quick Read Table of Contents of this Report @ Cell Expansion Market 2020 and Forecast 2021-2027 Includes Business Impact Analysis of COVID-19

Trusted Business InsightsShelly ArnoldMedia & Marketing ExecutiveEmail Me For Any ClarificationsConnect on LinkedInClick to follow Trusted Business Insights LinkedIn for Market Data and Updates.US: +1 646 568 9797UK: +44 330 808 0580

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Cell Expansion Market Analysis, COVID-19 Impact,Outlook, Opportunities, Size, Share Forecast and Supply Demand 2021-2027|Trusted Business Insights -...

Skin Stem Cells Comments Off on Cell Expansion Market Analysis, COVID-19 Impact,Outlook, Opportunities, Size, Share Forecast and Supply Demand 2021-2027|Trusted Business Insights -… | November 8th, 2020

Medical skin care products are used for beautifying or to address some other skin care problems. The cosmetic industry is booming and skin care forms a very huge part of this industry. The aesthetic appearance is so important that people spend a lot on skin care products and treatment. People being more technologically aware of the various new skin care products trending in the market. In addition to the aesthetic application, the medical skin care products are also used to address issues such as acne, pimples or scars.

Medical Skin Care Products Market: Drivers and Restraints

The medical skin care products is primarily driven by the need of natural based active ingredients products which are now trending in the market. Consumers demand medical skin care products which favor health and environment. Moreover, the consumers are updated with the trends so that various companies end up providing such products to satisfy the customers. For instance, a single product face mask has thousands of different variants. This offers consumers different options to select the product depending on the skin type. Moreover, the market players catering to the medical skin care products are offering products with advanced technologies. For instance, Santinov launched the CICABEL mask using stem cell material based on advanced technologies. The stem cells used in the skin care product helps to to protect and activate the cells and promote the proliferation of skin epidermal cells and the anagenesis of skin fibrosis.

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Medical Skin Care Products Market: Segmentation

On the basis of product type the medical skin care products market can be segmented as:

On the basis of application, the medical skin care products market can be segment as:

On the basis of distribution channel, the medical skin care products market can be segment as:

Medical Skin Care Products Market: Overview

Medical skin care products are used to address basic skin problems ranging from acne to scars. There are various advancements in the ingredients used to offer skin care products to the consumers. For instance, the use of hyaluronic acid and retinoids is the latest development in the industry. The anti-aging creams are at the forefront as the help treating issues such as wrinkles, scars, acne, and sun damage. Another, product in demand is the probiotic skincare which include lactobacillus and bifidobacterium.

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Medical Skin Care Products Market: Region-wise Outlook

In terms of geography, medical skin care products market has been divided into five regions including North- America, Asia- Pacific, Middle-East & Africa, Latin America and Europe. North America dominated the global medical skin care products market as international players are acquiring domestic companies to make their hold strong in the U.S. LOral is accelerating its U.S. market by signing a definitive agreement with Valeant Pharmaceuticals International Inc. to acquire CeraVe, AcneFree and Ambi skin-care brands for US$ 1.3 billion. The acquisition is expected LOreal to get hold of the brands in the price-accessible segment. Asia Pacific is expected to be the fastest growing region owing to the increasing disposable income and rising awareness towards the skin care products.

Medical Skin Care Products Market: Key Market Participants

Some of the medical skin care products market participants are Avon Products Inc., Beiersdorf AG, Colgate-Palmolive Company, Kao Corporation, LOral S.A., Procter & Gamble, Shiseido Company, The Estee Lauder Companies Inc., Unilever PLC, Revlon, Clinique Laboratories, llc., Murad, LLC., SkinCeuticals, RMS Beauty, J.R. Watkins and 100% PURE.

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The Medical Skin Care Products Market to witness non-linear transition from 2017 to 2025 - PRnews Leader

Skin Stem Cells Comments Off on The Medical Skin Care Products Market to witness non-linear transition from 2017 to 2025 – PRnews Leader | November 5th, 2020

According to IMARC Groups latest report, titled Regenerative Medicine Market: Industry Trends, Share, Size, Growth, Opportunity and Forecast 2020-2025,. Looking forward, IMARC Group expects the global regenerative medicine market to continue its strong growth during the next five years.

Regenerative medicine refers to a field of biomedical sciences involved in restoring the structure and function of damaged cells, organs, and tissues. It includes the study of stem cells that are developed in laboratories and then safely inserted into the human body to regenerate damaged bones, cartilage, blood vessels, and organs. Cellular and acellular regenerative medicines are widely adopted in various clinical therapeutic procedures, including cell therapies, immunomodulation, and tissue engineering. They have the potential to treat various chronic diseases, including Alzheimers, Parkinsons, cardiovascular disorders (CVDs), osteoporosis, spinal cord injuries, etc.

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Market Trends

The rising prevalence of chronic diseases and genetic disorders is primarily driving the demand for regenerative medicine across the globe. Moreover, the growing geriatric population who are more prone to musculoskeletal, dermatological, and cardiological disorders is also augmenting the need for regenerative medicines. Furthermore, several technological advancements in cell-based therapies have led to the adoption of 3D bioprinting techniques and artificial intelligence (AI), thereby further propelling the market for regenerative medicine. Moreover, regenerative medicine decreases the risk of organ rejection by the body post-transplant and increases the patients recovery speed, thereby gaining traction in numerous organ transplantation procedures. The increasing investments in extensive R&D activities in the field of medical sciences are expected to drive the market for regenerative medicine.

Regenerative Medicine Market 2020-2025 Analysis and Segmentation:

Competitive Landscape:

The competitive landscape of the market has been studied in the report with the detailed profiles of the key players operating in the market.

Some of these key players include:

The report has segmented the market on the basis of type, application, end user and region.

Breakup by Type:

Breakup by Application:

Breakup by End User:

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Breakup by Region:

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Regenerative Medicine Market 2020: Analysis, Top Companies, Size, Share, Demand and Opportunity To 2025 - Eurowire

Spinal Cord Stem Cells Comments Off on Regenerative Medicine Market 2020: Analysis, Top Companies, Size, Share, Demand and Opportunity To 2025 – Eurowire | November 5th, 2020

Enhancer function, from sponges to humans

Identifying the function of enhancers, DNA regions that help to regulate gene expression and evolve rapidly, has been difficult. This area of research has been hampered by the difficultly in identifying functional conservation. Wong et al. now show that despite low sequence conservation, enhancer function is strongly conserved through the animal kingdom (see the Perspective by Harmston). Transgenic expression of sponge enhancers in zebrafish and mice demonstrates that these sequences can drive cell typespecific gene expression across species. These results suggest an unexpectedly deep level of conservation of gene regulation across the animal kingdom maintained over the course of metazoan evolution.

Science, this issue p. eaax8137; see also p. 657

In animals, gene regulatory networks specify cell identity in space and time. Transcription of genes in these networks is modulated by a class of cis-regulatory elements called enhancers that contain short (~10 base pairs) DNA sequence motifs recognized by transcription factors (TFs). In contrast to TFs, whose histories have been largely traced to the origin of the animal kingdom or earlier, the origin and evolution of enhancers have been relatively difficult to discern.

Although not a single enhancer has been shown to be conserved across the animal kingdom, enhancers may be as ancient and conserved as the TFs with which they interact. This inability to identify conserved enhancers is apparently because they evolve faster than both the TFs they interact with and the genes they regulate.

Putative enhancers in the sponge Amphimedon queenslandica had previously been identified on the basis of combinatorial patterns of histone modifications. Here, we sought to determine whether sponges share functionally conserved enhancers with bilaterians.

We primarily focused on deeply conserved metazoan microsyntenic gene pairs. These pairs are thought to be conserved because the cis-regulatory elements that regulate the developmental expression of one gene (the target gene) are located in the other gene (the bystander gene). This proposed regulatory linkage may underlie the maintenance of these microsyntenic gene pairs across 700 million years of independent evolution.

We found that enhancers present in Amphimedon microsyntenic regions drive consistent patterns of cell typespecific gene expression in zebrafish and mouse embryos. Although these sponge enhancers do not share significant sequence identity with vertebrates, they are in microsyntenic regions that are orthologous with microsyntenic regions in other metazoans and have strong histone H3 Lys4 methylation (H3K4me1) enhancer signals.

Focusing on an Islet enhancer in the Islet-Scaper microsyntenic region, we found that the sponge 709base pair enhancer, independent of its orientation, drives green fluorescent protein (GFP) expression in zebrafish cells in the hindbrain neuroepithelial region, the roof plate around the midline, the pectoral fin, and the otic vesicle; the activity overlaps with endogenous Isl2a expression. Systematic removal of sequences from the Amphimedon Islet enhancer revealed that both the 5 and 3 regions of this enhancer are required for consistent cell typespecific activity in zebrafish.

We then used the number and frequency of TF binding motifs in the Amphimedon Islet enhancer to identify putative enhancers in human, mouse, and fly Islet-Scaper regions. The candidate orthologous enhancers from humans and mice drove gene expression patterns similar to those in sponges and endogenous Islet enhancers in zebrafish.

We also demonstrated that a number of putative Amphimedon enhancers, which are outside conserved microsyntenic regions, can also drive unique expression patterns: Enhancers of sponge housekeeping genes drive broader expression patterns in zebrafish.

These results suggest the existence of an ancient and conserved, yet flexible, genomic regulatory syntax that (i) can be interpreted by the available TFs present in cells constituting disparate developmental systems and cell types, and (ii) has been repeatedly co-opted into cell typespecific networks across the animal kingdom.

This common regulatory code maintains a repertoire of conserved TF binding motifs that stabilize and preserve enhancer functionality over evolution. Once established, these enhancers may be maintained as part of conserved gene regulatory network modules over evolution. Although robust, these enhancers can evolve through the expansion and integration of new TF binding motifs and the loss of others. We posit that the expansion of TFs and enhancers may underlie the evolution of complex body plans.

Enhancers located within conserved microsyntenic units in the sponge Amphimedon queenslandica are tested in a zebrafish transgenic reporter system. In zebrafish, the sponge Islet enhancer drives a GFP reporter expression pattern similar to that of human, mouse, and zebrafish enhancers identified within the Islet-Scaper microsyntenic region. This suggests the conservation of regulatory syntax specified by flexible organizations of motifs.

Interactions of transcription factors (TFs) with DNA regulatory sequences, known as enhancers, specify cell identity during animal development. Unlike TFs, the origin and evolution of enhancers has been difficult to trace. We drove zebrafish and mouse developmental transcription using enhancers from an evolutionarily distant marine sponge. Some of these sponge enhancers are located in highly conserved microsyntenic regions, including an Islet enhancer in the Islet-Scaper region. We found that Islet enhancers in humans and mice share a suite of TF binding motifs with sponges, and that they drive gene expression patterns similar to those of sponge and endogenous Islet enhancers in zebrafish. Our results suggest the existence of an ancient and conserved, yet flexible, genomic regulatory syntax that has been repeatedly co-opted into cell typespecific gene regulatory networks across the animal kingdom.

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Deep conservation of the enhancer regulatory code in animals - Science Magazine

Spinal Cord Stem Cells Comments Off on Deep conservation of the enhancer regulatory code in animals – Science Magazine | November 5th, 2020

David Shaw walks into the hospital room and takes a seat next to the bed. He does this nearly every day, right around lunchtime.

He looks at his younger brother, Eric, tubes snaking across his arms, machines beeping and whirring. Eric does not look like Eric anymore, his skin darkened, scars deepened, features altered. They both know this but never mention it.

Eric is dying, a rare, aggressive skin cancer rampaging through his body with such ferocity that his doctors are nearly out of options. Radiation failed. Chemotherapy failed. Two bone marrow transplants failed.

As Stanford's head football coach, David Shaw is relied on to always know what to say, how to say it and when to say it; but he cannot find the words now that he and his brother are staring down what seems to be an inevitable fate.

"What do you say, where you think you've pulled at the last thread and there are no more threads?" David said. "All I could tell him was that I loved him and that I was there for him. The rest of it was really just ... I thought it was only a matter of time before he passed away."

Two years later, what happened between David and Eric remains real, present and raw -- changing their entire relationship, redefining what it means to be a brother. The words are still difficult to say, so they tip-toe around the crushing physical and mental toll Eric's cancer took on them.

David and Eric are sure to think about it all this weekend, when Stanford opens its season at Oregon on Saturday. Because the last time the Cardinal visited Eugene, neither one knew whether Eric would live or die.

After Stanford came from behind to win that game 38-31 in overtime, David delivered a message at the end of his postgame television interview, looking at the camera and saying, "To my brotherEric: I love you." He tapped the lime green pin on his black Stanford sweatshirt before he left the screen.

When Shaw became head coach at Stanford in 2011, it was the culmination of a family journey. His father was a longtime coach there; David played receiver for the Cardinal and eventually returned as an assistant under Jim Harbaugh. The entire Shaw family -- parents Willie and Gay, along with David, Eric and their sister, Tawnya -- all call the Bay Area home.

To this day, David says the day he was introduced as coach was "one of the better days in all our lives."

Yet something started to happen to Eric that no one could quite figure out. That same year, Eric found strange looking spots on his torso. His wife, Crystal, noticed the first one under his arm. Maybe it was eczema, they thought. Then the spots started to spread. He went to the doctor. They prescribed an ointment, but the spots kept popping up, until they covered his entire body. Eventually, tumors started to grow. It looked as if someone had pushed marbles under his skin. Doctors remained confounded. Eric itched uncontrollably, insatiably. His skin itched so badly, it became difficult to put on clothes, shower, sleep and go to work. He eventually needed sleep medication so he could get uninterrupted rest.

Even then, he itched subconsciously, only realizing what happened when he woke up in the morning to find his arms and sheets covered in blood. Some nights, he tried to sleep on his forearms so his body wouldn't touch the sheets, because his skin grew too sensitive to any touch. At one point, he had more than 30 open wounds on his body.

"It's something that's so pervasive and so destructive that a lot of people have mental problems -- you can't do anything without extreme pain," Eric said. "You bleed a lot through the tumors, through the lesions, through the scratching. A lot of people don't survive, really, because of the mental stress that comes with it."

Doctors had a hard time diagnosing his disease because it is often confused with psoriasis, eczema or other skin conditions. Eventually, they determined he had a rare form of skin cancer called mycosis fungoides, a type of T-cell lymphoma that affects one in 6 million people in the United States and Europe. At the time, Eric Shaw was 38.

In 2013, he and Crystal pushed for a referral to Stanford Cancer Center, which has leading experts in the disease. Mycosis fungoides is so rare, it accounts for only 4% of all non-Hodgkin lymphoma cases; among those who suffer from it, only 20% have the type of itching Eric experienced. Rarer still is to find it in people under the age of 40, and African American men often end up with the worst prognosis. All the odds were firmly against him.

"When you first hear skin cancer, your mind doesn't go too far," David said. "So initially I was like, 'There are creams and other minor surgeries. I think it'll be OK.' And then Eric said, 'No, this is not the typical skin cancer. This is inside my body. This is inside the layers of my skin, and it's not one spot. It's everywhere.'

"I didn't really get it for weeks after that because, rectifying something that I didn't think was so serious to [then thinking] ... 'Oh my gosh. So this is really cancer. This is really scary now.' It took a long time for that to sink in."

David turned it over in his mind. He was the big brother, the protector, the one who always made sure Eric would be OK. They were supposed to raise their kids together, grow old together, and reminisce about the randomness of a life spent together.

He kept coming back to one thought: You're not supposed to lose your little brother.

David and Eric Shaw grew particularly close as children as they moved from place to place when their father, Willie, took new coaching jobs. Tawnya, their older sister, fit in anywhere socially. But David and Eric, who is two years younger, stuck together.

"Like a pair," David said.

They loved riding their bikes and, when they moved to Arizona, they took advantage of the wide-open spaces in the new development where they lived. They rode for miles and miles, setting up their own ramps and doing tricks and wheelies, visiting friends along the way before returning home after dark. They played sports, too, and though David loved football as much as their dad, the basketball court is where the brothers had their epic battles.

"I was always kind of a little bit stronger and I'll never forget the last time we played one-on-one basketball," David said. "He just got better than me, and he won, and once I got over the anger and disappointment, I was proud because my younger brother had grown and was gaining confidence."

Said Eric: "I wanted nothing more than to beat him, and he wanted nothing more than to keep beating me. But, during those times, it was just us, it was me and him. He was my best friend."

David went on to play at Stanford and eventually got into coaching, against his mother's best wishes. Eric did not pursue a career in athletics. He went to San Diego State and got into a career in marketing at a financial services company, where his gregarious nature, big smile and easy laugh made him a perfect fit. Though their personalities are different -- David is stoic and introspective, Eric makes anyone feel as if they have been friends forever -- they are grounded in the same values they learned at a young age: family and faith above everything else.

Those principles only grew stronger after they found themselves in the Bay Area as adults.

After David was hired by Stanford, the entire Shaw family made it clear it would always be around to support him. Family members all have a standing invitation to come for dinner on Tuesdays. And they always attend home football games, waving and hugging David during the team's pregame walk, cheering from the stands, and then waiting for some time together once the game ends.

Even as Eric grew sick, he made it a point to go cheer for his big brother. "It's not just the football game. Our family comes together," he said. "We celebrate, we come to watch the game and cheer the team on and support David. And then afterwards, win or lose, we all wait for him to come out. It's a family day. It's been wonderful to share that experience with David."

Stanford eventually drew them even closer, and it had nothing to do with football.

Eric did not understand the gravity of his situation until his first meeting in 2013 with the doctors at Stanford Cancer Center. They put it bluntly: He had such an aggressive form of the disease that he needed immediate treatment. They would start with total skin radiation, preparing Eric to lose his hair, eyebrows, eyelashes, fingernails and toenails.

If that did not work, they would try chemotherapy next.

"All these thoughts are running through your mind," Crystal said. "'Is he going to make it? Is it going to work? What's going to happen?' At the time, our youngest daughter was 3 months old, so it was pretty overwhelming. We were just putting our lives together and then boom: you're in the middle of this cancer war."

The next week, Eric took a leave of absence from work and began four-times-a-week trips from their home east of Palo Alto, California, to Stanford Hospital, often driving as many as three hours one way in traffic. When he arrived, he went into a box and his whole body was exposed to the radiation light for about an hour. Then, he would make the drive back home to see Crystal and their four kids -- Caleb Michael, Jared Spann-Shaw, Madison Shaw and Olivia Shaw.

The radiation charred his skin. He lost weight. When he looked in the mirror, Eric no longer recognized the man looking back at him.

"Nothing prepares you for something like this," he said. "Knowing that other people were looking at me and knowing that something was very wrong, that was a daily grind to get myself up out of bed and get ready for the day, knowing that that was going to be my life."

He did this for three straight months, all to keep the disease from growing to a point where it would kill him. It worked for a short time, but the disease came back more aggressively six months later. Doctors moved on to chemotherapy treatments, some of them experimental, but also began discussing the last-resort option: a bone marrow transplant.

David and Tawnya immediately volunteered to become donors, and underwent testing. In most cases, siblings are the best chance at a donor match. Unfortunately, in their case, neither was close. On a 10-point match scale, Tawnya registered a 3, David a 5. Neither qualified to donate.

"I wanted to jump to the front of the line and say, 'Whatever I have to do, whatever you have to take out of me, however you have to do it, just do it,'" David said. "For them to come back and say that you're not a strong enough match was disheartening. It hurt me. The fact that we had to put our trust and faith in people that we didn't know, and that we're going to have to go out to registries and try to find someone who was a better match than I was, that uncertainty, and that doubt, it's hard to keep it at bay at that point. It starts to creep in."

Doctors eventually found two donors whom they believed could work, but they were not perfect matches. In early 2018, Eric and his family moved into a two-bedroom apartment near Stanford Hospital to prepare for the transplant. For three months, he went through radiation, then chemotherapy to prepare his body to accept the donor cells.

He underwent the transplant in April, feeling confident and inspired it would work. After a month, doctors did an initial check to see how many of the donor cells had survived the transplant.

None survived.

"It was like I never even had the transplant," Eric said. "That was so devastating. We just knew it was going to work. I mean, we're people of faith, and we knew everybody was praying for us, and that we were praying that this six-year journey was going to finally be over. And it wasn't over. It was crushing for them to say, 'It didn't work. We're going to have to try again.'"

The second attempt happened in September. Crystal bought lime green pins for the family to wear for lymphoma awareness. Without telling Eric or Crystal, David decided he would wear his on his shirt for the 2018 football season. In addition to that, he had lime green and yellow ribbons placed on the back of Stanford helmets as a way to show support for both cancer patients and cancer survivors.

He told his team that his brother was fighting cancer, and briefly mentioned the helmet ribbons publicly during an early-season news conference. But beyond that, David kept the severity of what was happening to his brother to himself, masking his growing nervousness, fear and anxiety as the clock ticked toward the next transplant. He had a hard time processing what was happening. He did not want to put that at the feet of his players, or his staff.

The doctors used the same donor cells that failed the first time for the second transplant on Sept. 11, 2018, because that was the only option available. But this time, doctors used even stronger drugs to prepare Eric's body to receive the donor cells -- hoping that would do enough to stop his immune system from attacking them.

When Stanford played Oregon on Sept. 22, no one in the Shaw family knew whether the transplant had worked. But the situation was more dire than the first transplant. The stronger chemotherapy caused major complications, and Eric became severely ill.

David coached the game with this in the back of his mind. Stanford rallied from a 21-7 deficit to win an overtime thriller, moving to 4-0 on the season, with a top-10 matchup against Notre Dame the following week. Back in Palo Alto, Eric watched the entire game alone in an apartment he rented near the hospital, the comeback buoying his spirits.

He had no idea his brother would speak to him through the television until he heard the words, "To my brother Eric ..."

"In that moment, I didn't feel any sickness at all," Eric said. "I can't really describe what I felt, just how proud I am of him and how awesome it made me feel that he would do that for me."

Said David: "If that transplant didn't work, I didn't know how many more games he was going to be able to see. That was an opportunity for me on national TV to speak to him, to say to my brother that against the odds, we came back and throughout the entire game, I was thinking about him."

Eric soon returned to Stanford Hospital. The chemotherapy destroyed his blood system, so he needed daily blood transfusions to stay alive. It came as no surprise when doctors told him the second transplant had failed. They had no plan now, no other donor options. David came by to visit as often as he could, but he had a hard time finding the words to say to his dying brother.

"I thought about Crystal. I thought about their kids," Shaw said. "I thought about, 'How can we help?' And then I kept going, 'We just can't get there. There has to be something else.' And we all prayed and we all comforted each other and trusted the doctors and prayed for the doctors. And just kept saying, 'Just tell us whatever options there are. Just tell us what to do and we'll do it.'"

During the day, Eric had his mother, Crystal, David, or David's wife, Kori, at his side, helping to keep his mind off what was happening to him. But in the evenings, when he was alone in his hospital room, he couldn't help but think about the dwindling medical options and his own death, slowly accepting what he believed would inevitably come.

Over seven years, everything the doctors tried had failed, and the disease always came back more aggressively. He felt exhausted in every possible way, desperate to feel better. He didn't want to die. All he wanted to do was get better, and see his kids again, hug his wife and go home. But that possibility seemed as far off as the stars.

"The doctors couldn't help us," Eric said. "They had lost all hope. There was nothing left, but we were in the deepest part of the valley, and there was nobody there but God. I said, 'You're going to take me off this Earth.' And he told me, 'Eric, you're not going to die.' That was the point at which my faith really took over, and I really had true peace."

His team of doctors huddled together again and came up with a plan many of their colleagues questioned, simply because they had never attempted it. In mid-October of 2018, they told Eric they wanted to try a third transplant.

Only this time, they wanted David to be the donor and they had only weeks to make it happen.

Eric thought, "Are they trying to kill me?"

When David was initially rejected, doctors had worked for 25 years to find a way to do half-match transplants but had virtually no success. By 2018, doctors explained that a different way to do the transplant had emerged, opening up the potential to try it with Eric. These transplants, called haploidentical transplants, typically use donor cells from a family member.

Dr. Wen-Kai Weng, Eric's bone marrow transplant physician, explained, "It was relatively new at this time. We decided to go ahead, because we knew if we didn't do it, the disease would really come back with a vengeance."

No one had ever done a third transplant with donor cells at Stanford.

"If he didn't go for this risk, he wouldn't be here," said Dr. Youn Kim, who treated Eric and heads Stanford's multidisciplinary Cutaneous Lymphoma Clinic/Program. "He wouldn't be living."

Doctors told Shaw there was a 15% chance he would not survive the transplant itself. If he did survive it, there was only about a 30% to 40% chance the donor cells would work. Compared to much steeper survival odds with no transplant at all, the decision -- filled with multiple layers of danger -- did not feel risky at all.

They had to try.

"They might have told us what the odds were, and I honestly just pushed it out of my brain," David said. "If this is the Hail Mary, hey, we're going to drop back and throw it as far as we can and send prayers along with it and hope that it works."

Without hesitation, David said to his brother, "Tell me what I need to do."

Stanford gathered in its team hotel early on Oct. 27 to begin final preparations before hosting Washington State later that day. David checked in for a 9 a.m. meeting and when it finished, he checked out of the hotel without saying a word. He walked toward the back exit, careful to make sure no one saw him, and snuck out the door to a waiting car.

Shaw sat in the passenger seat, headed toward campus and Stanford Hospital, praying all the while that what he was about to do would work.

He arrived at the hospital and was hooked up to an IV for the first dose of medication. This would not be the more traditional bone marrow transplant, where cells are extracted with a needle through the hips. Rather, the medication flowing through the IV would stimulate his body to overproduce the stem cells needed for the transplant, flooding his blood with them. The cells would then be extracted from his blood, and transplanted into Eric.

Doctors told him to expect to start feeling joint pain and tiredness within 24 hours. Those symptoms would grow only stronger over the coming days, when he came in for more medication. They told him he should stay off his feet, rest and remain hydrated.

That would be nice, David thought. But he had a game to coach. Only two people inside the program knew he had gone that morning: assistant athletic director for football operations Callie Dale, who drove him to the hospital, and defensive coordinator Lance Anderson.

"The way that I do my job, I work really hard not to make it about me," David said. "Although I wanted my team to know what my family was going through, college football is about the student-athletes. I wanted them to focus on what they needed to do. I didn't want to pull from that. I didn't want to, all of a sudden, now make it about me and my family."

A few hours later, he returned to the team hotel and acted as if he had been there the entire day, speaking nothing about his trip to the hospital. Shaw put on his lime green pin and made his way toward the bus. The short ride to the stadium felt long that day. His mind wandered before returning to the flip card in front of him.

As he exited the bus and finished the walk to the stadium, his two young nieces ran up to him. They squeezed him, holding on longer than usual, as if they knew their Uncle David was their only option, too.

He worried players would notice him moving around so slowly. If they did, no one said a word. Shaw kept pushing the pain aside, shoving his emotions down deep, saying prayers every chance he got.

On Wednesday, Shaw woke up and was so lethargic, he felt as if he was moving like a sloth. He went to the hospital for the final procedure: extracting the cells from his blood. Shaw wore comfortable clothes, arranged his pillows and settled in for a long day ahead. Doctors hooked him up to a machine that would do the work through two IVs: One took his blood so the needed donor cells could be siphoned out; the other IV would put the blood back in his body.

Eric rested on another floor in the same hospital.

David worked on his game plan, watched a few movies and occasionally stared at his own blood in the IVs, willing it to save his brother. He kept saying to himself over and over again, "God, I hope this works."

After eight hours, he was finished. Shaw then went out to practice.

"I remember walking up to him and just asking him, 'How are you doing, how are you feeling?'" Anderson said. "I could see it in him that he wasn't his normal self. He paused for a little bit and then he's like, 'I'm OK. A little bit tired, but I'm OK.' You know, just trying to put the most positive light that he could on it."

The next day, Nov. 1, 2018, Shaw went back to the hospital. It was transplant day, and he had to be with Eric to witness what they hoped would be a miracle. David and Crystal watched as Eric received a transfusion of David's stem cells, a shimmering light pink fluid flowing into his body. They sang and prayed. Already, they had received one small bit of good news: Doctors extracted 28 million cells from David's blood, about 20 million more than what they had hoped to get.

Stanford traveled the following day to Seattle, for a game against Washington. David felt guilty for leaving, but he knew there was nothing else he could do. Eric struggled in the hospital, not only from the transplant, but from the heavy chemo and radiation doctors used to prepare his body for the new cells.

Eric ran a fever of 105 degrees and vomited for days. The pain grew so intense he was put on a morphine drip and was in and out of consciousness. In Seattle, Shaw remembers being locked into the game, "except for those little moments where my heart was with my brother."

Stanford lost another heartbreaker, 27-23.

"I know us losing had nothing to do with everything David was going through," Dale said. "But just piling that on with everything else he was dealing with, it was a lot for him. He brought that up many times, about how Eric would tell him the biggest excitement for him every week was watching us play and watching us win. I know David had a lot of pressure on himself, amongst the pressure he already has as a head coach, to win for Eric. And I know that every time he did, he really felt like it was for him. And when we came up short, I know he was probably even harder on himself than he normally would have been."

Back at Stanford, David visited Eric when he could. But the waiting game took an increasing mental toll. David prides himself on his ability to compartmentalize, to focus on the only thing in front of him. He never spaces out, and he rarely gets emotional. But Shaw was falling apart on the inside.

He often found himself staring at cut-ups of red zone plays, not realizing the film had been paused for 20 minutes while his mind drifted off. Whenever that happened, he would stop and call someone, either his brother, his wife, his mother or Crystal just to see how they were doing.

"There were times where I thought life was slow motion, but it was actually moving and I was the one who was in slow motion," David said. "I found myself sometimes saying, 'Is this real? Is this really happening? This shouldn't happen.'"

In the middle of every single meeting, in the middle of every single film session, he silently prayed, "God help my brother. Just please let this one work."

"I look back now and I know more of everything that was going on and the situation," Anderson said. "I realized how much he was dealing with and how much he had to bear that week. And it's amazing that he was able to go through that week without really letting any of us really know exactly what he was going through and what a big deal this really was."

Within a few weeks, Eric started to turn a corner. Though they did not know whether the transplant had worked just yet, he showed enough improvement to leave the hospital after 52 days. David arrived for the big day, and Eric slowly put on a protective mask before shuffling to a waiting wheelchair. Doctors, nurses and support staff lined the hallway, clapping and cheering.

David cries when recalling that moment, his pent-up emotions flooding out as he describes it publicly for the first time.

"This is my little brother, after years of cancer, getting to leave the hospital," Shaw said, his voice quavering. He pauses to wipe tears from his eyes. "The nurses were crying. The doctors were crying. Because a few months earlier, they were preparing us for him to die. And he got to go home."

Three days later, doctors met with Eric and Crystal to deliver the results from the transplant. After only 27 days, Eric had none of his own blood coursing through his body.

It was all David's.

Eric picked up the phone.

"Dave," Eric said. "You have a twin. We're truly blood brothers."

Eric, who turns 46 on Friday, has lived a fairly normal life since he was declared cancer free on Jan. 1, 2019, although the coronavirus pandemic has limited how often the Shaw family can see each other.

In September, they decided to get together to celebrate all of their recent birthdays at David's house. They stayed outdoors, socially distanced, with masks on. Eric and David allowed themselves a hug, their heads turned to the side.

"Every time I see him, I just smile, you know? Because he gets to be here," David said.

Link:
'We're truly blood brothers': Stanford coach David Shaw and his recent fight to save his brother, Eric - KGO-TV

Bone Marrow Stem Cells Comments Off on ‘We’re truly blood brothers’: Stanford coach David Shaw and his recent fight to save his brother, Eric – KGO-TV | November 5th, 2020

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Latest Study explores the Stem Cell Banking Market Witness Highest Growth in nea - GroundAlerts.com

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MUSC Hollings Cancer Center researchers identified that blocking an alternative energy pathway for T-cells after hematopoietic stem cell transplant helps reduce graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) in an animal model of leukemia.

Xue-Zhong Yu, M.D., who also is associate director of Basic Science at Hollings, and collaborators at the Indiana University School of Medicine discovered that donor T-cells must have the key enzyme lysosomal acid lipase in order to induce GVHD.

The Yu laboratory focuses on understanding the biological balance between GVHD and graft-versus-leukemia effect. Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation is used as a treatment option for some leukemia patients. T-cells in stem cell grafts from a donor are given to a leukemia patient in order to kill the cancer and reboot the patient's immune system. GVHD is a big clinical challenge because the donor T-cells, which come from the bone marrow, can attack the patient's organs. Anywhere from 30% to 70% of patients develop acute GVHD after allogeneic bone marrow transplant and 15% die.

"When we deal with hematopoietic cell transplant, it is an important balance - blocking GVHD while still allowing T-cells to do their job and control the cancer," Yu said.

Each cell in our body has its own metabolic process. Cells convert the food that is eaten into energy in order to perform their intended functions. However, cellular metabolism is often altered in various diseases. Yu researches T-cell metabolism in order to understand the balance between graft-versus-host and graft-versus-leukemia responses.

Most cells in our body require oxygen to create energy efficiently. However, this research focused on lipid, or fat, metabolism. T-cells have special metabolic processes: Sometimes they multiply so rapidly that they need an extra source of energy from free fatty acids.

Lysosomal acid lipase is an enzyme that breaks the large lipids and cholesterol into individual free fatty acid building blocks. If that enzyme is missing, there are not enough free fatty acids for energy production. This changes the T-cell metabolism, which in turn changes T-cell function.

Clinically, broad spectrum immunosuppression drugs (steroids and rapamycin) are still used as the first line of care in patients with severe GVHD. However, Yu and collaborators hypothesized that changing T-cell metabolism could reduce GVHD after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.

"We know that the gut is the primary organ affected by GVHD. Since the gut has less oxygen, the T-cells rely on free fatty acids and must use lysosomal acid lipase. We thought if we could remove or block the activity of that, we could reduce GVHD in the gut."

The Yu Laboratory collaborated with the Indiana University School of Medicine and used a lysosomal acid lipase-deficient mouse model. T-cells lacking lysosomal acid lipase were given to mice with leukemia. As a control, T-cells with lysosomal acid lipase from normal mice were given to another group of leukemia mice. Strikingly, the mice that received the T-cells without lysosomal acid lipase did not get severe GVHD. Additionally, the T-cells from the donor lysosomal acid lipase-deficient bone marrow still killed the leukemia cells.

To increase the clinical translational potential of the work, orlistat, the FDA-approved lysosomal acid lipase inhibitor was also tested in the leukemia model. Mice with leukemia were treated with orlistat every other day after receiving bone marrow from normal mouse donors. Similar to the first experiment with the lysosomal acid lipase-deficient bone marrow, blocking the activity of lysosomal acid lipase with orlistat greatly reduced GVHD while the graft-versus-leukemia effect was preserved.

Additionally, the researchers discovered that inhibiting the lysosomal acid lipase enzyme with orlistat reduced the number of pathogenic T-cells and increased the number of regulatory T-cells. The pathogenic T-cells are the ones that cause GVHD. Regulatory T-cells are one of the "braking mechanisms" of the immune system. They help to reduce the activity of the pathogenic T-cells and prevent GVHD damage.

Therefore, blocking lysosomal acid lipase activity with orlistat preferentially stopped the donor T-cells from damaging the gut but allowed the T-cells to function during circulation and kill the leukemia cells.

The researchers' future plan is to look deeper at the biological mechanisms. For example, it is not clear how the loss or inhibition of lysosomal acid lipase affects the other metabolites in T-cells. To move this finding closer to the clinic, Yu explained that human cells can be used in a special mouse model that recreates the human immune environment.

"Looking at the immune cells in the gut was technically challenging. However, the results were exciting because our hypothesis was validated. These results encourage us to continue studying this in order to provide better treatment options to patients."

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Blocking energy pathway reduces GVHD while retaining anti-cancer effects of T-cells - Science Codex

Bone Marrow Stem Cells Comments Off on Blocking energy pathway reduces GVHD while retaining anti-cancer effects of T-cells – Science Codex | November 5th, 2020