Wed, Apr 22, 2020 - 5:50 AM

PATIENTS from around the world have benefited from Parkway Cancer Centre's (PCC) comprehensive and holistic approach to treating haematological cancers, or cancers of the blood. The field of haematology covers a broad spectrum of blood disorders, with the World Health Organization estimating that there are as many as 72 types and sub-types of this form of cancer.

With one of the largest and most experienced teams of haematologists in Singapore - comprising three oncologists and one paediatric oncologist - PCC is able to offer specialised care for the management of a wide range of adult and childhood conditions, including leukaemia and lymphoma, among many others.

Significantly, this core group of haematologists is supported by dedicated transplant physicians, oncology and transplant nurses, transplant coordinators, counsellors and allied health professionals. The breadth of its resources allows PCC to adopt a holistic approach to care that enhances the patient journey and results in better healthcare outcomes.

Treatments provided by the haematology oncology team range from intensive chemotherapy, molecular targeted therapy and novel immunotherapy to stem cell transplantation. For each patient, the team devises a personalised treatment plan that aims to optimise clinical outcomes.

"In all diseases, especially cancers, it is important to be able to see patients as individuals in need of treatment that extends beyond specialised investigations and medications. This is best achieved by a multidisciplinary team approach that identifies the patient's medical and emotional needs, preferences and values," said Dr Colin Phipps Diong, Senior Consultant, Haematology Oncology at PCC.

"We are able to draw on the collective expertise of our multidisciplinary team and use our knowledge bank of experience gleaned from successfully treating some of the most challenging and complex cases. Being at the fore of medical advancements gives us the capability and confidence to provide our patients with current treatment options," he added.

A Pioneer in Bone Marrow Transplantation

Reflecting the depth of its expertise in this specialised field, PCC is the only private healthcare provider that offers a comprehensive adult and paediatric blood and bone marrow transplant programme. Indeed, the centre's haematology team performed the first bone marrow transplant in a private hospital setting in Singapore more than two decades ago.

Bone marrow transplantation, known formally as haematopoietic stem cell transplantation, is a specialised procedure which has proven to be effective in treating many types of cancers, as well as blood and autoimmune disorders such as leukaemia and lymphoma.

Since the 1950s, more than one million transplants have been performed globally, with the success of the procedure largely dependent on the skill and experience of the multidisciplinary transplant team. Transplant specialists at the PCC Haematology and Stem Cell Transplant Centre perform transplants from family members, unrelated donors, and cord blood, for a range of conditions, both non-malignant (thalassaemia, aplastic anaemia) and malignant (acute leukaemias, lymphoma, myeloma).

These specialists have extensive experience in bone marrow transplants in both adult and paediatric patients, having trained and worked at some of the leading transplant centres around the world.

Even though stem cell transplantation has been proven to save lives, there are still risks associated with the procedure. At PCC, these risks are clearly explained to the patients and caregivers before they consent to the procedure. "Complex treatment decisions are regularly discussed between the transplant physicians to formulate an optimal plan for our patients," explained Dr Diong.

The transplantation process involves several important stages: Conditioning where the patient receives chemotherapy and/or radiation to kill the diseased cells and to change the immune system; infusion of healthy stem cells into the body to replace the damaged cells; engraftment, when the transplanted stem cells begin to grow and produce healthy red and white blood cells and platelets over the course of two to four weeks; and post-transplant recovery where the "new" immune system matures and develops the ability to fight infections and blood cancer cells.

Looking ahead, PCC will continue to develop its expertise and services to stay ahead of the curve in treating haematological cancers. "We are always looking ahead. It is important that we build our team further to broaden our regional footprint and expand services to bring our patients access to cutting-edge science like CAR T-cell therapies," said Dr Diong.

"In this regard, we strive to develop services, infrastructure, and facilities that are internationally accredited together with our partners in Parkway. At the same time we will continue to work with all stakeholders to ensure that cost is manageable and more patients have access to our transplant services."

PCC's holistic philosophy

See the article here:
A leader in treating haematological cancers - The Business Times

A few weeks afterreceiving chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell (CAR-T) therapy, many patientsexperience prolonged reductions in blood cell counts, possibly making them morevulnerable to infections.

Two recent studies characterized the extent and duration of postCAR-T cytopenia among patients receiving CAR-T therapy for hematological malignancies with 1 study offering insights on some of the possible factors that may influence hematological count recovery.

Whats important to know is that by day 90, mostpatients recover, noted UroosaIbrahim, MD, stemcell transplantation and cellular therapy fellow at the Tisch Cancer Instituteof the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai,New York, who coauthored 1 of the studies. Were supporting them for [approximately]3 months [with treatment], but then theyll recover, which is good to know.

One study by MemorialSloan Kettering Cancer Center (MSKCC) researchers followed 83 adult patientswho received CAR-T therapy: 40 patients received 1 of 2 Food and DrugAdministration (FDA)-approved therapies, axicabtageneciloleucel (axi-cel; Yescarta) ortisagenlecleucel (tisa-cel; Kymriah), to treat relapsed/refractory B-cell lymphoma.

The remainder comprised 37 patients with relapsed/refractory B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia who were currently enrolled in a clinical trial in which they received an experimental CAR-T therapy where cells express the 19-28z CAR construct (ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT01044069), and 6 multiple myeloma patients who received a different experimental CAR-T construct that targets the B-cell maturation antigen (BCMA) (ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT03070327). The findings were presented at the annual Transplantation and Cellular Therapy Meetings of ASCT and CIBMTR in February 2020.1

By 1 month, theresearchers observed that 24% of patients experienced a complete recovery ofhemoglobin, platelets, absolute neutrophil count, and white blood cell counts recovery being defined as reaching safe levels, and without requiringtransfusions or treatment with growth factors.

Recovery of hemoglobinwas noted in 61% of patients, platelets in 51% of patients, absolute neutrophilcount in 33% of patients, and white blood cell count in 28% of patients.Examining 41 patients at 3 months, those figures were 93%, 90%, 81%, and 59%,respectively, and overall, 56% saw a complete blood count recovery.

The results werebroadly consistent with recent research by Dr Ibrahim and Keren Osman, MD,associate professor and director of medicine at the Icahn School of Medicine atMount Sinai and director of cellular therapy service in the bone marrow andstem cell transplantation program at the schools Tisch Cancer Institute. Thatstudy comprised 50 patients 41 with multiple myeloma and 9 with diffuse largeB-cell lymphoma who received either axicabtagene ciloleucel, or 1 of 2 experimentalanti-BCMA CAR-T therapies, bb2121 or bb21217.

See the original post here:
What Factors Influence Hematological Recovery in Patients Who Receive CAR-T Therapies? - Cancer Therapy Advisor

Alumni members of National Institute of Technology - Tiruchi (NIT-T) holding key positions in tech companies across the globe have responded overwhelmingly through their knowledge support, innovative devices, fund mobilisation, and production of personal protection equipment for dealing with the COVID-19 pandemic.

An associate of Global Consortium of Cell Therapy Companies, Stempeutics, an Indian stem cell company of which B. N Manohar, an alumnus of ECE 1977 batch is the Chief Executive Officer, will shortly be supplying clinical-grade Mesenchymal Stem Cells (multi-potent stem cells found in the bone marrow used for making and repairing skeletal tissues) to those in need. Manufactured in the Manipal GMP facility under approval of Drug Controller General of India, the multi-potent stem cells have been found to reduce the symptoms of pneumonia induced by COVID-19 and halt its advancement to Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome, NIT-T Director Mini Shaji Thomas said.

S. K. Ramesh, an alumnus of 1981 batch ECE holding a senior position in California State University, Northridge, is involved along with his colleagues in creation of life saving face shields and other personal protection equipment for donating the same to healthcare workers in hospitals throughout Southern California.

Blooom Energy, founded by K. R. Sridhar, who had completed his mechanical engineering degree from the then Regional Engineering College Tiruchi, and subsequently did his masters degree in Nuclear Engineering, and Ph.D. in Mechanical Engineering from the University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, has undertaken the task of repairing ventilators on a bulk scale in partnership with Stanford Health Care.

Chief Innovation Officer at Dulso, United Arab Emirates, Madhumohan Sreeram, an alumnus of NIT-T who had completed B.Tech in Chemical Engineering in 1982, has been in the forefront in carrying out sanitisation of the municipality of Dubai after identifying a suitable disinfectant QUATPLUS TB, which is a Quaternary Ammonium Compound product approved by United States Environmental Protection Agency and American chemistry councils Center Biocide Chemistry (CBC) and has been listed in their recommended EPA pre-approved products for COVID-9 disinfection application.

Richard Sekar, an alumnus who had completed Production Engineering in 1983 leads Warriors Against Virus a team of 371 volunteers in the Bay Area, USA, for stitching facial masks for hospital requirement. IcarusNova, of which Sapna Behar, an alumna (1990, EEE), is the Director and Founder, has partnered with LifeSignals to design a wireless biosensor-based patch, with ISO 13485 accreditation, for early detection and continuous monitoring of COVID-19 symptoms. The patches when affixed on the chest area can monitor the temperature, breathing rate, trace ECG and heart rate as a real time data. The data can be transferred to the users phone through an app. The system reduces the risk of contamination between patients and other individuals.

Admiral Superintendent of Naval Dockyard, Vishakapatnam, Sreekumar Nair (ECE, 1986), has led a team to design an innovative portable multi-feed oxygen manifold using a six-way radial header fitted to a single cylinder. This becomes essential when the existing hospital facilities for critical care management becomes limited and a need arises for catering to multiple patients. Rapid trials have been done at Naval Hospital INHS Kalyani. The entire assembly could be set up within 30 minutes.

Appreciating the efforts of the alumni members, Prof. Mini Shaji Thomas said the various contributions in diverse sectors was a matter of pride.

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Robust response by NIT-T alumni to tackle Covid-19 pandemic - The Hindu

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The benefits of Stem cells therapy vary, some of the benefits of stem cells are because of their potential in the treatment of medical conditions, but it is not the only way they can be utilized. A few of the benefits are as follows: To know what is a Stem Cell Therapy.

Medically, stem cells are used in therapies to treat certain diseases and conditions, many treatments require a transplant of organs and tissues but the organs and tissues are donated and the waiting list for donation is quite long. People stay on the transplant lists for years and many dont live to see their name move up the list or are not viable to receive donor organs or tissues, and in such cases stem cells can provide an effective and faster and better alternative in some diseases. The most popular form of stem cell therapy is the bone marrow transplant, and many others are considered safe in treatments of conditions and diseases like:

There are many other stem cell therapies but not all of them have been approved as safe and effective. But like in the case of a burn victim, the replacement of the burned area with stem cells can be utilized to make new tissues and save the trouble of finding a tissue donor. It is a very painful experience and everything that can be done should be done to lessen the pain and start the healing process quickly for the sake of the patient.

Research done on animals like dogs and horses and cats showed us that this form of research not only advances the development of stem cell therapies and treatments; for the benefit of veterinary medicine, but also resulted to be very beneficial for human treatments as well.

Animals that have diseases that nearly mimic the ones humans have as well are used as ideal models to experiment the development of stem cell therapies in medical conditions that humans and animals both have, like ligament injuries or stroke etc.

Diseases like cancer and conditions like birth defects are quite common these days so, many clinical and experimental trials are popping up to better fight these diseases. Scientists are now looking for ways that they can use to come up with stem cell treatments to better develop the human body when it is suffering from conditions like birth defects.

They are trying to study how the stem cells transform or separate into a wide range of specialized cells so that they can be utilize them in the treatment of certain diseases and conditions.

Stem cells have a huge potential in the testing of drugs as they are relatively safe and dont put anyone in harms way, drugs are now first tested on stem cells and then on animals and humans if the test on stem cells goes well.

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4 Benefits of Stem Cell Therapy that you will Love to Discuss in Future - The Crypto Coin Discovery

SILVER SPRING, Md., April 22, 2020 /PRNewswire/ --Today, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration granted accelerated approval to Trodelvy (sacituzumab govitecan-hziy) for the treatment of adult patients with triple-negative breast cancer that has spread to other parts of the body. Patients must have received at least two prior therapies before taking Trodelvy.

"Metastatic triple-negative breast cancer is an aggressive form of breast cancer with limited treatment options. Chemotherapy has been the mainstay of treatment for triple-negative breast cancer. The approval of Trodelvy today represents a new targeted therapy for patients living with this aggressive malignancy," said Richard Pazdur, M.D., director of the FDA's Oncology Center of Excellence and acting director of the Office of Oncologic Diseases in the FDA's Center for Drug Evaluation and Research. "There is intense interest in finding new medications to help treat metastatic triple-negative breast cancer. Today's approval provides patients who've already tried two prior therapies with a new option."

Trodelvy is a Trop-2-directed antibody and topoisomerase inhibitor drug conjugate, meaning that the drug targets the Trop-2 receptor that helps the cancer grow, divide and spread, and is linked to topoisomerase inhibitor, which is a chemical compound that is toxic to cancer cells. Approximately two of every 10 breast cancer diagnoses worldwide are triple-negative. Triple-negative breast cancer is a type of breast cancer that tests negative for estrogen receptors, progesterone receptors and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2(HER2) protein. Therefore, triple-negative breast cancer does not respond to hormonal therapy medicines or medicines that target HER2.

"As part of FDA's ongoing and aggressive commitment to address the novel coronavirus pandemic, we continue to keep a strong focus on patients with cancer who constitute a vulnerable population at risk of contracting the disease," said Pazdur. "At this critical time, we continue to expedite oncology product development. This application was approved more than a month ahead of the FDA goal date an example of that commitment. Our staff is continuing to meet with drug developers, academic investigators, and patient advocates to push forward the coordinated review of treatments for cancer."

The FDA approved Trodelvy based on the results of a clinical trial of 108 patients with metastatic triple-negative breast cancer who had received at least two prior treatments for metastatic disease. The efficacy of Trodelvy was based on the overall response rate (ORR) which reflects the percentage of patients that had a certain amount of tumor shrinkage. The ORR was 33.3%, with a median duration of response of 7.7 months. Of the patients with a response to Trodelvy, 55.6% maintained their response for 6 or more months and 16.7% maintained their response for 12 or more months.

The prescribing information for Trodelvy includes a Boxed Warning to advise health care professionals and patients about the risk of severe neutropenia (abnormally low levels of white blood cells) and severe diarrhea. Health care professionals should monitor patient's blood cell counts periodically during treatment with Trodelvy and consider treatment with a type of therapy called granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF), which stimulates the bone marrow to produce white blood cells called granulocytes and stem cells and releases them into the bloodstream, to help prevent infection, and should initiate anti-infective treatment in patients with febrile neutropenia (development of fever when white blood cell are abnormally low).

Additionally, health care professionals should monitor patients with diarrhea and give fluid, electrolytes, and supportive care medications, as needed. Trodelvy may need to be withheld, dose reduced or permanently discontinued for neutropenia or diarrhea. Trodelvy can cause hypersensitivy reactions including severe anaphylactic (allergic) reactions. Patients should be monitored for infusion-related reactions and health care professionals should discontinue Trodelvy if severe or life-threatening reactions occur. If patients experience nausea or vomiting while taking Trodelvy, health care professionals should use antiemetic preventive treatment, to prevent nausea and vomitting. Patients with reduced uridine diphosphate-glucuronosyl transferase 1A1 (UGT1A1) activity are at increased risk for neutropenia following initiation of Trodelvy treatment.

The most common side effects for patients taking Trodelvy were nausea, neutropenia, diarrhea, fatigue, anemia, vomiting, alopecia (hair loss), constipation, decreased appetite, rash and abdominal pain.

Women who are pregnant should not take Trodelvy because it may cause harm to a developing fetus or newborn baby. The FDA advises health care professionals to inform females of reproductive age to use effective contraception during treatment with Trodelvy and for 6 months after the last dose. Male patients with female partners of reproductive potential should also use effective contraception during treatment with Trodelvy and for three months after the last dose.

Trodelvy was granted accelerated approval, which enables the FDA to approve drugs for serious conditions to fill an unmet medical need based on a result that is reasonably likely to predict a clinical benefit to patients. Further clinical trials are required to verify and describe Trodelvy's clinical benefit.

The FDA granted this application Priority Review andBreakthrough Therapydesignation, which expedites the development and review of drugs that are intended to treat a serious condition when preliminary clinical evidence indicates that the drug may demonstrate substantial improvement over available therapies. Trodelvy was also granted Fast Trackdesignation, which expedites the review of drugs to treat serious conditions and fill an unmet medical need.

The FDA granted approval of Trodelvy to Immunomedics, Inc.

Additional Resources:

Media Contact:Nathan Arnold, 301-796-6248Consumer Inquiries: Emailor 888-INFO-FDA

The FDA, an agency within the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, protects the public health by assuring the safety, effectiveness, and security of human and veterinary drugs, vaccines and other biological products for human use, and medical devices. The agency also is responsible for the safety and security of our nation's food supply, cosmetics, dietary supplements, products that give off electronic radiation, and for regulating tobacco products.

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FDA Approves New Therapy for Triple Negative Breast Cancer That Has Spread, Not Responded to Other Treatments - Herald-Mail Media

A New Syndicate Global Cell Transplant Market Study is added in HTF MI database compiled covering key business segments and wider geographical scope to get deep dive analysed market data. The study brings a perfect bridging between qualitative and statistical data ofCell Transplant market. The study provides historical data (i.e. Consumption** & Value) from 2014 to 2019 and forecasted till 2026*. Some are the key & emerging players that are part of coverage and have being profiled are Regen Biopharma, Global Cord Blood Corporation, CBR Systems, Escape Therapeutics, Cryo-Save, Lonza Group, Pluristem Therapeutics & Stemedica Cell Technology.

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Segment & Regional Analysis: What Market breakdown Would be Covered by geographies, Type & Application/End-users Cell Transplant Market Revenue & Growth Rate by Type [, Peripheral Blood Stem Cells Transplant (PBSCT), Bone Marrow Transplant (BMT) & Cord Blood Transplant (CBT)] (Historical & Forecast) Global Cell Transplant Market Revenue & Growth Rate by Application [Hospitals, Clinics & Others] (Historical & Forecast) Cell Transplant Market Revenue & Growth Rate by Each Region Specified (Historical & Forecast) Cell Transplant Market Volume & Growth Rate by Each Region Specified, Application & Type (Historical & Forecast) Cell Transplant Market Revenue, Volume & Y-O-Y Growth Rate by Players (Base Year)

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Cell Transplant Market to Witness Huge Growth by 2025 | CBR Systems, Escape Therapeutics, Cryo-Save - Research Columnist

I dont know why people pay attention only to vaccines and treatments against the new coronavirus. Stem cell therapies are more useful to treat Covid-19.

So claimed Lee Hee-young, president of the Korean Association of Stemcell Therapy, at a news conference in Seoul, Monday. He called for active use of stem cell therapies to treat Covid-19 patients.

Several studies have proved the effects of autologous stem cells in treating acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), which is the leading cause of death in Covid-19 patients, Lee said. The concept of stem cell therapy is the same as that of blood transfusion or bone marrow transplantation. Decades of cell therapies have proved that stem cell therapy is safe.

While the development of a treatment or a vaccine against Covid-19 takes a long time and it may not be able to treat patients immediately because of virus mutation possibilities, stem cell therapies can restore damaged lungs directly, Lee claimed.

It is more important to restore damaged lungs than to fight the virus. Stem cell therapy restores the lungs, giving patients time to beat the virus, he went on to say. However, people are paying attention to vaccine or treatment candidates only. This is why I am holding a news conference.

Lee pointed out that the local environment makes it difficult to use stem cell therapies. Thus, the government should ease regulations on the management and use of cell culture facilities so that doctors can perform stem cell therapies with simple cell culture, he said.

As long as physicians have a positive pressure facility and a culture kit, they can separate and culture cells with simple training, he said. If the authorities allow doctors to perform stem cell therapies with a disposable mobile culture autonomously, the cost of stem cell therapies will go down significantly.

Lee added that he asked related officials to include such rules in the Act on Safety and Support for Advanced Regenerative Medicine and Advanced Biopharmaceuticals, which is to take effect in the second half of the year.

same@docdocdoc.co.kr

< Korea Biomedical Review, All rights reserved.>

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'Stem cell therapy more effective on Covid-19' - Korea Biomedical Review - Korea Biomedical Review

The word steroids are always accompanied by negative comments and inquisitive looks. People have been wary because of its involvement in many controversies and issues throughout the years; and almost always, it involves the sports industry.

As we enter the 21st century, the abuse of anabolic steroids not only escalated, it also became prevalent outside the sports profession. It spread from bodybuilders and fitness instructors to image-conscious teenagers (read more). The youngest to be apprehended was a bunch of 8th graders, ages 15 to 17.

Many are familiar with its potential for misuse, but most are unaware of its medical use in treating several conditions. Anabolic steroids have been the savior of many patients. It helped relieve the symptoms of chronic diseases such as AIDS, myelofibrosis, and lupus. It aided patients suffering from muscle wasting like those undergoing chemotherapy and dialysis.

The appearance and performance-enhancing drug (APED) has many forms and derivatives. One of them is called oxymetholone.

What is oxymetholone?

Oxymetholone is an alkylated synthetic derivative of testosterone. It is one of the few steroids that earned the FDAs approval to be labeled as a prescribed drug, instead of a controlled substance. It is primarily used to treat muscle wasting and several kinds of anemia such as chemo-induced and aplastic anemia.

Like most steroids, oxymetholone has an anabolic-androgenic effect on the human body. The drug is available in the market with the trade names Anadrol 50 and Anapolon. You can only buy Anadrol by getting a medical prescription from your doctor or pharmacist.

How does it work?

Oxymetholones mechanism of action is unlike most anabolic steroids. Once orally ingested, it activates the androgen receptor-mediated signaling in our brain. This binding will start the stimulation of red blood cell production and protein synthesis. This will then promote hemoglobin production and formation of other blood cells. It will also increase the bodys bone density.

Oxymetholone does not bind well to the muscle cells receptor sites. This explains why muscle building and enhancement is only a secondary effect of the drug. But it still brings out the synthetic hormones androgenic effects like increased libido, muscle mass, hirsutism, and voice maturation.

What are its medical uses?

Before the discovery of immunosuppressive drugs, oxymetholone has been at the frontline of managing several chronic anemia cases. Some of its therapeutic benefits are as follows:

Aplastic anemia is a rare and chronic blood disorder that occurs due to stem cell damage inside the bone marrow. This prevents your bone marrow from producing the normal amount of blood cells to sustain your bodys needs. It is characterized as an autoimmune disorder, which means that your own body is producing antibodies to attack and destroy your own bone marrow.

Without treatment, patients will suffer from developing arrhythmia and eventually die from heart failure. Treatments that exist only suppresses the immune system to prevent further production of antibodies. Blood transfusion and the use of oxymetholone are also used to manage aplastic anemia.

The anabolic drug improved the patients hematopoietic development. It increases their RBC production as well as the number of reticulocytes inside the bone marrow.

Another case of blood disorder is the antithrombin deficiency. It is characterized by the production of abnormal blood clots, specifically in the deep veins of the legs.

Clotting should only happen if there is an injury or trauma in the blood vessels. Clots form a stopper-like device inside our body to prevent blood from exiting its vessels. The protein called anti-thrombin prevents our body from forming unnecessary and excessive clots during an injury.

Without it or at low levels, our body would not have a stop signal during clot formation. Thus, creating excessive clots throughout the body that can block the normal blood circulation.

Oxymetholone, in combination with warfarin, is used as a thrombolytic therapy for patients with ATIII deficiency. It augments the bodys fibrinolytic activity and anticoagulant properties.

Hereditary angioedema is a genetic disease characterized by severe swelling in the face, limbs, gastrointestinal tract, and airways. It is a fatal disease due to its common symptom of laryngeal edema. This edema involves the formation of airway and intestinal obstruction that disrupts the normal air delivery to the lungs.

Angioedema is caused by C1 inhibitor deficiency. This protein is found and produced in the bloods plasma or serum. With the use of oxymetholone therapy, a significant increase in the plasma levels of C1 inhibitors is observed. It also improves the level of C4 protein and prevents it from dropping to below normal levels.

The drug is administered to patients in an alternate-day manner. Managing the drug administration prevents side effects like mild virilization and insomnia from occurring.

Chronic weight loss is prevalent in patients undergoing antiretroviral therapy. It can be the medications side effect or from different metabolism alterations. The involuntary loss of weight makes HIV-infected individuals susceptible to opportunistic infections.

To combat this, doctors administered oxymetholone with the antagonist ketotifen to promote weight gain. However, oxymetholone therapy alone showed a much higher increase in the restoration of fat-free muscle mass. Improvements are faster together with proper food intake and mild exercise.

What are its side effects?

Like all medications, the long-term use and abuse of oxymetholone have severe consequences to the body. Fatal ones include the formation of blood-filled cysts or tumors in the liver and spleen. Some long-term aid effects also include:

Allergic reactions such as hives, face swelling, and breathing difficulties may occur during short-term use.

Individuals diagnosed with diabetes, kidney and liver disease, breast and prostate cancer, and cardiovascular diseases may suffer severe conditions if administered with anabolic steroids.

According to the law, oxymetholone must be used under strict medical supervision. Prescription labels should be followed, and dosages may only be changed by your doctor. Skipping or abruptly stopping the medication without consent is highly prohibited.

Read this article:
Where To Find Anadrol 50 (Oxymetholone) for Sale - FeastMagazine

The first COVID-19 patient in Texas has been enrolled in a stem cell therapy clinical trial designed to combat acute respiratory distress syndrome. (Courtesy Pexels)

The patient received the stem cell procedure April 16 at Memorial Hermann-Texas Medical Center, according to a news release from UTHealth. The patient joins 120 total patients as part of the study, in which participants are randomized to receive either allogeneic, bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stromal cells or a placebo.

Patients with ARDS from COVID-19 have a mortality rate up to 60%, said Dr. Bela Patel, co-principal investigator and director of the Division of Critical Care at McGovern Medical School. Since stem cell therapy may modulate the hyperinflammatory response to SARS-CoV-2, which causes COVID-19, this important study represents a promising potential therapy to improving outcomes in ARDS patients including those with COVID-19 ARDS.

ARDS occurs when the lungs cannot supply the oxygen needed for organs throughout the body, caused by fluid building up in the lungs, according to the news release. Patients with COVID-19 who have developed ARDS need to be placed on a ventilator.

Preclinical trials have shown that hMSCs can help regulate the immune response, which lowers inflammation and reduces the severity of organ injury.

For the UTHealth arm of the study, the hMSCs are being processed at the Evelyn H. Griffin Stem Cell Therapeutics Research Laboratory at McGovern Medical School.

See the article here:
First COVID-19 patient in Texas enrolled in UTHealth stem cell therapy study at Memorial Hermann - Community Impact Newspaper

Mount Sinai Health System announced that they will be using remestemcel-L (Ryoncil), an innovative allogeneic stem cell therapy, in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).

Additionally, Mount Sinai indicated that they will play a central role in a clinical trial for patients with severe acute respiratory distress syndrome, which affects individuals with severe cases of COVID-19.

Remestemcel-L has previously been tested in patients who have had a bone marrow transplant, who can experience an overactive immune response similar to that observed in severe cases of COVID-19.

Mount Sinai began administering remestemcel-L to patients in late March under the FDAs compassionate use program. The therapy was given to 10 patients with moderate to severe cases of COVID-19-related acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), most of whom were on ventilators, and the doctors saw encouraging results.

We are encouraged by what we have seen so far and look forward to participating in the randomized controlled trial starting soon that would better indicate whether this is an effective therapy for patients in severe respiratory distress from COVID-19, Keren Osman, MD, medical director of the Cellular Therapy Service in the Bone Marrow and Stem Cell Transplantation Program at The Tisch Cancer Institute at Mount Sinai and associate professor of Hematology and Medical Oncology at the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, said in a press release.

The randomized clinical trial evaluating the therapeutic benefit and safety of remestemcel-L will be conducted at Mount Sinai, which will serve as the clinical and data coordinating center. The stem cell therapy will be evaluated in 240 patients with COVID-19-related ARDS in the US and Canada. Moreover, the trial will be conducted as a public-private partnership between the Cardiothoracic Surgical Trials Network.

The coronavirus pandemic has caused exponential increases of people suffering with acute respiratory distress syndrome, requiring intubation and mechanical ventilation with many dying, Annetine Gelijns, PhD, the Edmond A. Guggenheim Professor of Health Policy at the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, said in a press release. We have designed a clinical trial that will expeditiously determine whether the stem cell therapy will offer a life-saving therapy for a group of patients with a dismal prognosis.

Remestemcel-L consists of mesenchymal stem cells. The therapy was previously assessed in a phase III trial in children who had graft-versus-host disease (GVHD), which can occur after bone marrow transplants. Further, the inflammation that occurs in GVHD is the result of a cytokine storm. A similar cytokine storm has been found to take place in patients with COVID-19 who develop acute respiratory distress syndrome.

These stem cells have shown excellent response rates in severe graft-versus-host disease in children, John Levine, MD, professor of Hematology, Medical Oncology, and Pediatrics at the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, who is also the co-director of the Mount Sinai Acute GVHD International Consortium (MAGIC), said in a press release. Mesenchymal stem cells have a natural property that dampens excessive immune responses.

Some institutions have also begun testing anti-IL-6 agents, such as tocilizumab (Actemra), for the treatment of cytokine release syndrome in patients with COVID-19 who develop acute respiratory distress syndrome.

Reference:

Mount Sinai Leading the Way in Innovative Stem Cell Therapy for COVID-19 Patients [news release]. New York, NY. Published April 9, 2020. newswise.com/coronavirus/mount-sinai-leading-the-way-in-innovative-stem-cell-therapy-for-covid-19-patients/?article_id=729684&sc=dwhr&xy=10019792. Accessed April 15, 2020.

See the article here:
Planned Clinical Trial of Allogeneic Stem Cell Therapy Remestemcel-L in Patients with COVID-19 - Cancer Network

PHOENIX, April 20, 2020 /PRNewswire/ --Creative Medical Technology Holdings Inc. (OTC-CELZ) announced today receipt of a Quayle Action on its patent application #15/652213 entitled Methods for Treatment of Premature Ovarian Failure and Ovarian Aging using Regenerative Cells. The patent covers use of mesenchymal stem cells, a class of adult stem cells, for use in treatment of ovarian failure and ovarian aging.

This patent is a substantial milestone for the Company given that subsequent to filing, several academic groups published the ability of mesenchymal stem cells to treat ovarian failure in animal models.1,2

"We are pleased by the issuance of these broad claims, which not only cover a clinically-used family of stem cells, but also the cells which produce blood vessels, called Endothelial Progenitor Cells (EPC)," said Thomas Ichim, Ph.Dco-inventor and Chief Scientific Officer. "Mesenchymal stem cells isolated from a wide variety of tissues such as bone marrow, adipose tissue, umbilical cord and even teeth, have been used in clinical trials for other diseases. Given the availability, practicality and strong safety record of this class of cells, we are in a position to choose from many developmental possibilities."

Issuance adds to the existing portfolio of clinically translated adult stem cell intellectual property which include issued patents for the treatment of erectile dysfunction using bone marrow stem cells and covering treatment of disc degeneration by similar means.

According to the American Pregnancy Association:3

"Approximately1 in every 1000women between the ages of 15-29 and 1 in every 100 women between the ages of 30-39 are affected byPremature Ovarian Failure (POF)also called premature menopause. A woman can beaffected by POF at any age or time in her life. It can happen beforeor after she has had children or while she is still planning her family.

Premature ovarian failure is the loss of ovarian function in women under the age of 40. Women with POF do not ovulate (release an egg) each month. This loss of function can be due to a less than normal amount of follicles or dysfunction in the ovaries."

"The mission of Creative Medical Technology Holdings has always been to concurrently create a strong intellectual property base which is derived from ongoing basic research, while advancing our clinicallyused products such as CaverStem, StemSpine and FemCelz," said Timothy Warbington, President and CEO of the Company. "The issuance of such broad claims allows us not only to develop, but to potentially out license this landmark patent."

A "Quayle Action" is issued when there are minor issues to be resolved in a patent application that is otherwise in condition forallowance. Prosecution on the merits is closed, meaning that substantive examination has concluded.

About Creative Medical Technology Holdings

Creative Medical Technology Holdings, Inc. is a commercial stage biotechnology company specializing in stem cell technology in the fields of urology, neurology and orthopedics and trades on the OTC under the ticker symbol CELZ. For further information about the company, please visit http://www.creativemedicaltechnology.com.

Forward Looking Statements

OTC Markets has not reviewed and does not accept responsibility for the adequacy or accuracy of this release. This news release may contain forward-looking statements including but not limited to comments regarding the timing and content of upcoming clinical trials and laboratory results, marketing efforts, funding, etc. Forward-looking statements address future events and conditions and, therefore, involve inherent risks and uncertainties. Actual results may differ materially from those currently anticipated in such statements. See the periodic and other reports filed by Creative Medical Technology Holdings, Inc. with the Securities and Exchange Commission and available on the Commission's website at http://www.sec.gov.

Creativemedicaltechnology.comCaverstem.comFemcelz.comStemSpine.com

1Mohamed et al. Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells Partially Reverse Infertility in Chemotherapy-Induced Ovarian Failure.Reprod Sci. 2018 Jan;25(1):51-63.2Badawy et al. Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell repair of cyclophosphamide-induced ovarian insufficiency in a mouse model. Int J Womens Health. 2017 Jun 15;9:441-4473https://americanpregnancy.org/womens-health/premature-ovarian-failure/

More here:
Creative Medical Technology Holdings is Granted Patent on Mesenchymal Stem Cells for Female Infertility Pending Quayle Action - Apache Junction News

When I first heard the word "resilience" I did not really understand what it meant, I was listening to a presentation about a third world mission trip and about how people survive their hardships there. But now, I personally understand the meaning and am ready to share my journey.

When my husband was diagnosed with cancer, I understood what may be ahead, since I am a nurse with many years of experience. The first two years of his journey were stressful, but we had each other, enjoyed our life and worked through the decisions and experience. The turning point was when he his cancer returned, and he started radiation therapy. Then, we hit what felt like a big wall.

I was diagnosed with breast cancer.

I remember sharing this news with him and he stated, "I am stronger than you think" and he proved that to be so true over the next 3 years.

Our journey together is a story of resilience, sharing hope and caring for each other. His cancer involved traveling over 3 hours to a medical center for surgery, needing an artificial airway and nutrition via a feeding tube. We spent our time together going to the local cancer center on separate days for each of our own chemotherapy treatments. As a nurse, I cared for him even during my own radiation treatment period and still kept working at my job as much as possible.

During that time, I kept thinking, is this what it takes to have that resilience? Is resilience what it takes to keep caring, maintaining hope and surviving a day at a time. If you look up the word, " resilience", there are terms like hardiness, strength and toughness. However, I have learned that it means much more.

The experience of a cancer journey together is more than what those words convey. I would often say to myself, " I am stronger than I thought too" not realizing I was beginning to understand resilience. When looking inward, you begin to understand the human spirit and what we face in life cannot truly be explained to others, but only matures every day with every hurdle we tackle and overcome.

I am a widow now and a cancer survivor, who looks back on that time in our lives, with joy of being together, with pride at how we both endured and how much stronger we became because of it. Hope was always in front of us, leading us through each day.

You should never lose hope, because that optimism is what builds the courage that leads to learning what resilience really means.

Follow this link:
Resilience Hope and Being a Survivor - Curetoday.com

We've heard that elderly people and those with underlying health conditions are most at risk if they're infected with coronavirus, but those can seem like really general terms. Who does that include? And why can they face more serious illness?"According to the , some of the underlying conditions that may put you at higher risk include: chronic lung disease and asthma, heart disease and undergoing cancer treatment," said CNN Chief Medical Correspondent Dr. Sanjay Gupta. Anyone with diabetes, kidney failure or liver failure may also be at higher risk.The role of the immune system is to protect against disease or other potentially damaging pathogens. A strong one is needed to help stave off coronavirus infection."Think of it like this," Dr. Gupta suggested. "In your everyday life, you're always fighting off pathogens. Most of the time you don't even realize it. If you have an underlying condition, it makes it more challenging to fight off a virus like this. You may develop a fever, shortness of breath or a cough more easily than someone who doesn't have a preexisting illness."Additionally, there are more specific reasons why each condition has its own vulnerabilities. Here's a guide to underlying conditions affected by coronavirus and why, and how you can protect yourself or an at-risk loved one.Older adultsEight out of 10 deaths reported in the U.S. have been in adults ages 65 and older, according to the CDC. Older adults have also been more likely to require hospitalization and admission to an intensive care unit.Older adults are more likely to have long-term health problems that can increase their risk for infection and serious disease. And, our immune systems usually weaken with age, making it more difficult for people to fight off infections, according to Johns Hopkins Medicine.The quality of our lung tissue also declines over time, becoming more elastic and making respiratory diseases such as COVID-19 of important concern because of the potential for lung damage.Inflammation in older adults can be more intense, leading to organ damage.Those with lung disease, asthma or heart conditionsPeople with chronic airway and lung diseases such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, asthma, pulmonary fibrosis and interstitial lung disease can lay the foundations for more severe infection with coronavirus because of the inflammation, scarring and lung damage those conditions cause, Johns Hopkins Medicine reported.COVID-19 affects a person's airway and lungs, but those organs work together to provide the body with oxygen. When the lungs are overburdened with an infection, the heart has to work harder, which exacerbates the challenges of people already living with heart disease.The immunocompromisedAccording to the CDC, many conditions can cause a person to be immunocompromised, including cancer treatment, smoking, bone marrow or organ transplantation and immune deficiencies. Poorly controlled HIV or AIDS and prolonged use of man-made steroid hormones or other immune-weakening medications can also hamper a person's immune function.Cancer can weaken immunity by spreading into the bone marrow, which makes blood cells that help fight infection, according to Cancer Research UK. Cancer prevents bone marrow from making enough blood cells.Some cancer treatments can temporarily weaken the immune system, too. Because cancer treatments such as chemotherapy, cancer drugs, radiotherapy or steroids are targeted toward cancer cells, they can also diminish the number of white blood cells created in the bone marrow.A 2017 study found cigarette smoking can harm the immune system by either causing extreme immune responses to pathogens or rendering the body less effective at fighting disease. This may occur by smoking, negatively altering the cellular and molecular mechanisms responsible for keeping an immune system strong.When a person undergoes a bone marrow transplant using stem cells from a donor, or they receive an organ, a doctor may prescribe medications to prevent graft-versus-host disease and mitigate the immune system's reaction by suppressing its function. After the operation, it takes time for your immune system to be up and running again.HIV and AIDS attack the body's immune system, specifically the body's T cells, which help the immune system fight off infection. When the diseases are untreated, HIV reduces the number of those cells, making the person more likely to contract other infections or infection-related cancer, according to the CDC.Severe obesityPeople with severe obesity, or a body mass index of 40 or higher, are at higher risk of serious disease."Obesity shares with most chronic diseases the presence of an inflammatory component," a 2012 study said. Inflammatory responses were linked between the immune system and body fat. Obesity is known to impair immune function by altering white blood cell count as well as the cells that control immune responses.DiabetesPeople with type 1 or type 2 diabetes face an increased risk of getting really sick with COVID-19, as both cause a blood sugar spike. If blood sugar is poorly managed, viral diseases can be more dangerous as high blood sugar may give viruses a place to thrive, according to Diabetes in Control, a news and information resource for medical professionals.Higher levels of inflammation have been discovered in the bodies of people with diabetes, weakening the immune system and making it more difficult for those affected to stave off sickness in general.Kidney and liver diseaseThe kidneys produce several hormones that affect immune responses. Having kidney disease and failure can weaken your immune system, making it easier for infections to take hold. According to the National Kidney Foundation, doctors and researchers have found that most infections are worse in people with kidney disease.The liver is an integral member of the body's line of defense, helping to regulate the number of white blood cells utilized in immune responses and defend against harmful pathogens. Someone with liver disease is experiencing abnormalities in the function of the immune system, giving rise to more serious illness.Neurodevelopmental conditionsNeurological and neurodevelopmental conditions may also increase the risk of serious COVID-19 for people of any age.These include disorders of the brain, spinal cord, peripheral nerve and muscle such as cerebral palsy, epilepsy, stroke and intellectual disability, according to the CDC. Those with moderate to severe developmental delay, muscular dystrophy or spinal cord injury are also more at-risk.People with neurological conditions may not be more at risk due to solely their condition, but because medications they might take to control their condition could hamper their immune system. However, some neurological conditions, such as Parkinson's, have been recognized to have inflammatory components, which may harm the immune system.Others including muscular dystrophy, multiple sclerosis or amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) could cause paralysis to the diaphragm, which leaves those affected very at risk for respiratory failure if they were to be sick with COVID-19.Staying safe when you're more at riskIf you see yourself on the list of those at higher risk for severe illness, there are several things you can do to protect yourself. First, make sure you are contact your doctor or doctors about your risk level. Second, be extra vigilant about the recommendations that most people are being asked to follow.Stay home whenever possible and avoid close contact with people, the CDC suggests. Wash your hands often to prevent transferring the virus from a surface to your face, and try to clean and disinfect frequently touched surfaces as often as you can.If you don't have an underlying condition, doing your part by practicing these cautionary measures can help protect not only you, but your loved ones with existing conditions.

We've heard that elderly people and those with underlying health conditions are most at risk if they're infected with coronavirus, but those can seem like really general terms. Who does that include? And why can they face more serious illness?

"According to the [Centers for Disease Control and Prevention], some of the underlying conditions that may put you at higher risk include: chronic lung disease and asthma, heart disease and undergoing cancer treatment," said CNN Chief Medical Correspondent Dr. Sanjay Gupta. Anyone with diabetes, kidney failure or liver failure may also be at higher risk.

The role of the immune system is to protect against disease or other potentially damaging pathogens. A strong one is needed to help stave off coronavirus infection.

"Think of it like this," Dr. Gupta suggested. "In your everyday life, you're always fighting off pathogens. Most of the time you don't even realize it. If you have an underlying condition, it makes it more challenging to fight off a virus like this. You may develop a fever, shortness of breath or a cough more easily than someone who doesn't have a preexisting illness."

Additionally, there are more specific reasons why each condition has its own vulnerabilities. Here's a guide to underlying conditions affected by coronavirus and why, and how you can protect yourself or an at-risk loved one.

Eight out of 10 deaths reported in the U.S. have been in adults ages 65 and older, according to the CDC. Older adults have also been more likely to require hospitalization and admission to an intensive care unit.

Older adults are more likely to have long-term health problems that can increase their risk for infection and serious disease. And, our immune systems usually weaken with age, making it more difficult for people to fight off infections, according to Johns Hopkins Medicine.

The quality of our lung tissue also declines over time, becoming more elastic and making respiratory diseases such as COVID-19 of important concern because of the potential for lung damage.

Inflammation in older adults can be more intense, leading to organ damage.

People with chronic airway and lung diseases such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, asthma, pulmonary fibrosis and interstitial lung disease can lay the foundations for more severe infection with coronavirus because of the inflammation, scarring and lung damage those conditions cause, Johns Hopkins Medicine reported.

COVID-19 affects a person's airway and lungs, but those organs work together to provide the body with oxygen. When the lungs are overburdened with an infection, the heart has to work harder, which exacerbates the challenges of people already living with heart disease.

According to the CDC, many conditions can cause a person to be immunocompromised, including cancer treatment, smoking, bone marrow or organ transplantation and immune deficiencies. Poorly controlled HIV or AIDS and prolonged use of man-made steroid hormones or other immune-weakening medications can also hamper a person's immune function.

Cancer can weaken immunity by spreading into the bone marrow, which makes blood cells that help fight infection, according to Cancer Research UK. Cancer prevents bone marrow from making enough blood cells.

Some cancer treatments can temporarily weaken the immune system, too. Because cancer treatments such as chemotherapy, cancer drugs, radiotherapy or steroids are targeted toward cancer cells, they can also diminish the number of white blood cells created in the bone marrow.

A 2017 study found cigarette smoking can harm the immune system by either causing extreme immune responses to pathogens or rendering the body less effective at fighting disease. This may occur by smoking, negatively altering the cellular and molecular mechanisms responsible for keeping an immune system strong.

When a person undergoes a bone marrow transplant using stem cells from a donor, or they receive an organ, a doctor may prescribe medications to prevent graft-versus-host disease and mitigate the immune system's reaction by suppressing its function. After the operation, it takes time for your immune system to be up and running again.

HIV and AIDS attack the body's immune system, specifically the body's T cells, which help the immune system fight off infection. When the diseases are untreated, HIV reduces the number of those cells, making the person more likely to contract other infections or infection-related cancer, according to the CDC.

People with severe obesity, or a body mass index of 40 or higher, are at higher risk of serious disease.

"Obesity shares with most chronic diseases the presence of an inflammatory component," a 2012 study said. Inflammatory responses were linked between the immune system and body fat. Obesity is known to impair immune function by altering white blood cell count as well as the cells that control immune responses.

People with type 1 or type 2 diabetes face an increased risk of getting really sick with COVID-19, as both cause a blood sugar spike. If blood sugar is poorly managed, viral diseases can be more dangerous as high blood sugar may give viruses a place to thrive, according to Diabetes in Control, a news and information resource for medical professionals.

Higher levels of inflammation have been discovered in the bodies of people with diabetes, weakening the immune system and making it more difficult for those affected to stave off sickness in general.

The kidneys produce several hormones that affect immune responses. Having kidney disease and failure can weaken your immune system, making it easier for infections to take hold. According to the National Kidney Foundation, doctors and researchers have found that most infections are worse in people with kidney disease.

The liver is an integral member of the body's line of defense, helping to regulate the number of white blood cells utilized in immune responses and defend against harmful pathogens. Someone with liver disease is experiencing abnormalities in the function of the immune system, giving rise to more serious illness.

Neurological and neurodevelopmental conditions may also increase the risk of serious COVID-19 for people of any age.

These include disorders of the brain, spinal cord, peripheral nerve and muscle such as cerebral palsy, epilepsy, stroke and intellectual disability, according to the CDC. Those with moderate to severe developmental delay, muscular dystrophy or spinal cord injury are also more at-risk.

People with neurological conditions may not be more at risk due to solely their condition, but because medications they might take to control their condition could hamper their immune system. However, some neurological conditions, such as Parkinson's, have been recognized to have inflammatory components, which may harm the immune system.

Others including muscular dystrophy, multiple sclerosis or amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) could cause paralysis to the diaphragm, which leaves those affected very at risk for respiratory failure if they were to be sick with COVID-19.

If you see yourself on the list of those at higher risk for severe illness, there are several things you can do to protect yourself. First, make sure you are contact your doctor or doctors about your risk level. Second, be extra vigilant about the recommendations that most people are being asked to follow.

Stay home whenever possible and avoid close contact with people, the CDC suggests. Wash your hands often to prevent transferring the virus from a surface to your face, and try to clean and disinfect frequently touched surfaces as often as you can.

If you don't have an underlying condition, doing your part by practicing these cautionary measures can help protect not only you, but your loved ones with existing conditions.

More:
What are the underlying conditions causing more serious illness from coronavirus? - KSBW The Central Coast

MD Stem Cells reports results for Dry AMD from their clinical study SCOTS - the Stem Cell Ophthalmology Treatment Study. 63% of treated and evaluated eyes achieved improvement in vision while an additional 34% had vision remain stable in follow up. No complications occurred. Results were statistically significant.

Westport, CT, April 18, 2020 --(PR.com)-- Age Related Macular Degeneration - specifically dry AMD - will affect almost 200 million people worldwide in 2020. An approach, pioneered by MD Stem Cells, using bone marrow stem cells from the actual patient has now shown visual improvement for 63% of dry AMD eyes and stability in another 34%, demonstrating statistical significance in helping patients with this blinding disease. Results were recently published in the Medicines Journal - a highly regarded international medical journal. The title of the paper: Stem Cell Ophthalmology Treatment Study (SCOTS): Bone Marrow-Derived Stem Cells in the Treatment of Age-Related Macular Degeneration.

There is no FDA approved medication for treating dry AMD. Certain vitamins may reduce the risk of bleeding or wet AMD. But vitamins do not appear to stop the relentless loss of retinal cells and vision called geographic atrophy (GA) from AMD.

The highlight of the MD Stem Cell report was that 63% of dry AMD eyes treated and followed had vision improvement. This ranged from 2.5% to 44.6% with an average of 27.6% on a scientific vision scale called LogMAR. An additional 34% of eyes remained stable for the follow up period- important because many of the eyes had previously been losing vision. The findings were highly statistically significant with p < 0.001 meaning that the results overwhelmingly met that medical standard and confirming that the BMSC treatment was responsible for the improvements seen.

The Stem Cell Treatment Ophthalmology Study- both SCOTS and SCOTS2 - has been treating many different eye diseases since 2013 using the patients own bone marrow stem cells (BMSC) injected in the orbit around the eye. The study is Institutional Board Approved and National Institutes of Health registered on http://www.clinicaltrials.gov NCT 03011541. The physicians involved with MD Stem Cells now have 14 world class medical and scientific publications primarily reporting their clinical results in ophthalmology. This is vastly more than any other stem cell research group working with eye disease and should be reassuring to patients and health care providers seeking treatment options. Different optic nerve diseases, NAION, LHON, DOA, optic atrophy; as well as several retinal diseases including Retinitis Pigmentosa, Ushers and now AMD have all shown benefit. MD Stem Cells has worked to achieve the safest, most effective approach to dry AMD using BMSC - with gratifying success.

Following multiple patient treatments and over a dozen peer-reviewed papers, our studies have shown that a patients own bone marrow stem cells (BMSC) can have positive effects on different retinal and optic nerve diseases, explains Dr. Levy, CEO and Chief Science Officer for MD Stem Cells. As we have continued the study, other researchers have published numerous papers revealing how this may be occurring: release of exosomes with neurotrophic factors helping neurons and photoreceptors, transfer of cytoplasmic structures such as mitochondria to injured cells, and transdifferentiation of BMSC into neurons.

Dr. Levy concludes: The research has shown that patients with dry AMD choosing to participate in the SCOTS 2 may have a significant likelihood of either improving or stabilizing their vision.

Patients may receive information about SCOTS 2 by emailing stevenlevy@mdstemcells.com, using the contact us page on http://www.mdstemcellscom, or calling 203-423-9494. The Stem Cell Ophthalmology Study 2 is enrolling patients with different retina and optic nerve diseases. MD Stem Cells has no grant support and is not a pharmaceutical company; these are patient sponsored studies and the patients pay for both treatment and travel.

Contact Information:MD Stem CellsSteven Levy MD203-423-9494Contact via Emailwww.mdstemcells.com

Read the full story here: https://www.pr.com/press-release/810435

Press Release Distributed by PR.com

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New Treatment Shows Vision Benefit in Age Related Macular Degeneration - Benzinga

NEW YORK, April 15, 2020 /PRNewswire/ -- The stem cell therapy market was valued at US$ 1,534.55 million in 2019 and is estimated to reach US$ 5,129.66 million by 2027; it is expected to grow at a CAGR of 16.7% from 2020 to 2027.

Read the full report: https://www.reportlinker.com/p05882135/?utm_source=PRN

The increasing awareness related to the stem cells therapy in effective disease management and growing demand for regenerative medicines are the key factor driving the stem cell therapy market. However, high cost related of the stem cell therapy limits the growth of the market.Stem cell research has been widely investigated globally for various medical applications, especially for the treatment of humans.This raises the importance of creating public awareness about stem cell research and its clinical potential.

The main role of stem cells is in the replacement of dying cells and reconstruction of damaged tissues. Based on the extensive stem cell research, many scientists have claimed that these cells could probably be used in the treatment of various diseases, including cancer and cardiovascular disease.There is a large number of potential treatment procedures that are undergoing clinical trials, and a notably few stem cell therapies have won FDA (i.e., US Food and Drug Administration) approval for clinical usage. For instance, in 2019, the FDA approved Fedratinib for the first-line treatment for myelofibrosis. Moreover, stem cell therapies are widely used in bone marrow transplantation, and these therapies have benefited thousands of people suffering from leukemia. Hematopoietic stem cells are used for treating more than 80 medical diseases, including immune system disorders, blood disorders, neurological disorders, metabolic disorders, genetic disorders, and several types of cancers, such as leukemia and lymphoma; this is also likely to boost the demand for this treatment procedure during the forecast period. Researchers are further investigating the use of stem cell therapies in the treatment of autoimmune disorders.

The global stem cell therapy market has been segmented on the basis of type, treatment, application type, and end user.Based on type, the market has been segmented into adult stem cell therapy, induced pluripotent stem cell therapy, embryonic stem cell therapy, and others.

The adult stem cell therapy held the largest share of the market in 2019; however, induced pluripotent stem cell therapy is estimated to register the highest CAGR in the market during the forecast period.Based on treatment, the stem cell therapy market has been segmented into allogeneic and autologous.

The allogeneic segment held a larger share of the market in 2019; however, the market for the autologous segment is expected to grow at a higher CAGR during the forecast period.Based on application type, the stem cell therapy market has been segmented into musculoskeletal, dermatology, cardiology, drug discovery and development, and other applications.

The musculoskeletal segment held the largest share of the stem cell therapy market in 2019, whereas the drug discovery and development segment is expected to report the highest CAGR during 20202027. Based on end user, the market has been segmented into academic and research institutes, and hospitals and specialty clinics. The academic & research institutes held the largest share of the market in 2019, and it is also expected to report the highest CAGR during the forecast period.Several essential secondary sources referred to for preparing this report are the FDA, World Health Organization (WHO), Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, National Institutes of Health, Spanish Agency for Medicines (AEMPS), Japanese Society for Regenerative Medicine, and Indian Council of Medical Research, among others.

Read the full report: https://www.reportlinker.com/p05882135/?utm_source=PRN

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Stem Cell Therapy Market to 2027 - Global Analysis and Forecasts by Type; Treatment; Application; End User, and Geography - P&T Community

Sleep, diet, exercise, and stress: these are factors known to change a persons risk of developing numerous non-communicable diseases. Such lifestyle impacts on healthbeneficial or harmfulexert much of their influence via inflammation. About 10 years ago, Matthias Nahrendorf began wondering just how inflammation and lifestyle might be linked biologically, and started thinking about how to pinpoint the mechanism in the cardinal case of cardiovascular disease.

A persons level of inflammation can easily be measured with a simple white blood cell test. White blood cells fight off bacterial invasions and repair damaged tissues, but they can also damage healthy tissue when they become too abundant. You can find them in atherosclerotic plaques, and you can find them in acute infarcts, says Nahrendorf, a professor of radiology who conducts high-resolution imaging research at Massachusetts General Hospital. You can find them in failing hearts and the brain, where they increase the risk of stroke.

By linking exercise to reduced white blood cell production, Nahrendorf shows how a lifestyle factor can modulate cardiovascular risk.

When Nahrendorf learned that the most potent, toxic, and pro-inflammatory white blood cells live only a few hours, or at most a day, he immediately realized that the paramount questionsgiven that they die off quickly yet remain abundant in the bloodare, where and why are they produced? What is their source? Perhaps, he hypothesized, lifestyle factors regulate hematopoiesis (blood production).

To test this idea, he decided to study the effects of exercise on the production of these leukocytes in healthy mice. First, though, he consulted the scientific literature on exercise in mice. Previous researchers, he learned, had found that exercise increases production of inflammatory immune cellswhich I thought was counterintuitive, Nahrendorf recalls. When he looked more carefully, he discovered that the type of exercise used in the studies was forced and thus possibly stressful because it was induced by electric shocks. He therefore decided to test only voluntary exercise. He and his colleagues put a wheel in each mouses cage, so the animals could choose to run if they were interested.

The mice never ran during the day. That is when they rest, Nahrendorf explains. But in the dark, they ran a lot, averaging six to seven miles every night. After three weeks, the exercising mice had measurably lower levels of circulating white blood cells. Exercise, he found, had pushed their blood stem cells (cells that can produce all the different types of blood cells) into a state of quiescence: a kind of dormancy in which they generate fewer pro-inflammatory white blood cells and platelets, without decreasing the number of oxygen-carrying red blood cells. Soon the exercising mice had fewer circulating white blood cells than their sedentary counterparts, dampening inflammationan effect that persisted for weeks.

The local signals within bone marrow that induce quiescence in blood stem cells were already well known, but the fact that exercise could trigger them was not. Nahrendorf next wanted to learn the identity of the trigger linking exercise to blood stem cell quiescence. Further investigation revealed that the only receptors with enhanced activity in the bone marrow niche where most blood stem cells exist were binding to a well-known hormone called leptin; it is produced by fat cells and regulates hunger.

Leptin is like the fuel gauge in a car. When the tank is fullmeaning energy (and food) are abundantleptin levels run high. As exercise uses up the gas in the tank, this lowers leptin levels, which signal that reserves are running low, thereby inducing hunger and the urge to eat in order to replenish depleted energy stores. Nahrendorf and his co-authors speculate in their 2019 Nature Medicine paper that leptins role in regulating energetically costly hematopoiesis may have evolved to produce blood cells only when whole body energy was abundantnot when people are exerting themselves. Contemporary sedentary behavior, they continue, which increases leptin and consequently hematopoiesis, may have rendered this adaptation a risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD) and perhaps also for other diseases with inflammatory components.

But with fewer circulating immune cells, would exercising mice be more vulnerable to infection? Nahrendorf challenged them with a protocol designed to induce infection in the blood, and found just the opposite: exercising mice had a more robust immune response, as semi-dormant blood stem cells swiftly sprang into activity and produced infection-fighting leukocytes, improving survival of the active mice as compared to those with no running wheels in their cages. Next, they investigated whether exercise would help mice with established atherosclerosis, and found that exercise was not only protective, it also reduced the size of existing plaques in the aorta.

Whether these associations would hold up in humans remained an open question. For answers, Nahrendorf turned to a study known as CANTOS, which had measured levels of inflammation in 4,892 patients who suffered heart attacks (see Raw and Red Hot, May-June 2019, page 46). When he approached the studys co-authors, Mallinckrodt professor of medicine Peter Libby and Braunwald professor of medicine Paul Ridker, he learned, serendipitously, not only that they possessed self-reported exercise levels for the participants, but also that they had tested leptin levels as well. They analyzed their raw data and found the same relationship among exercise, leptin, and leukocytes as in the mice. Data from a second human study cemented the result.

By identifying a previously unknown molecular mechanism linking voluntary exercise to reduced white blood cell production, Nahrendorf and his colleagues have highlighted how a lifestyle factor can modulate cardiovascular risk. Their discovery, the researchers hope, will point the way to wider adoption of healthy exercise regimens, and health-enhancing anti-inflammatory drugs.

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Stem cell activity linked to lifestyle - Harvard Magazine

The "Orphan Drugs Market Global Report 2020-30" report has been added to ResearchAndMarkets.com's offering.

The global orphan drugs market was worth $132.61 billion in 2019. North America is expected to be the largest region during the period 2015-2023. Major players in the market are Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Celgene Corporation, F. Hoffmann-La Roche, Amgen, Biogen, Bayer, Novartis, GlaxoSmithKline, Johnson & Johnson and AbbVie.

This report covers market characteristics, size and growth, segmentation, regional and country breakdowns, competitive landscape, market shares, trends and strategies for this market. It traces the market's historic and forecast market growth by geography. It places the market within the context of the wider orphan drugs market, and compares it with other markets.

The rising prevalence of rare diseases is a key factor driving the growth of the orphan drugs market.

Orphan diseases or rare diseases occur rarely among the people (i.e. 7 out of 10,000). However, globally, the prevalence of rare diseases is increasing in recent years. In 2017, there were 7,000 identified rare diseases, including hemophilia, Gaucher disease, Hunter syndrome and many types of rare cancer. Some cases of aplastic anemia, caused by damage to stem cells in the bone marrow that are diagnosed in around 500 to 1,000 individuals in the USA each year, are inherited. Thus, the rising prevalence of rare diseases is driving the growth of the orphan drugs market.

Lack of supportive government policies hinders the orphan drugs market.

Due to the lack of relevant policies for orphan drug, certain drugs do not receive any special recognition or priorities for approval by regulatory authority. Medgenome Labs Ltd., global research partner in accelerating insights into complex genetic diseases, pointed out that companies manufacturing orphan drugs frequently drop out in foreign markets due to a lack of government funding. For example, orphan medical products (OMPs) in India, due to lack of proper regulations and clear guidelines, do not obtain tax cuts or exemptions from customs duties. Therefore, lack of supportive government policies limits the growth of the orphan drugs market.

Approval of biological orphan drugs for multiple indication act as a key trend driving the growth of the orphan drugs market.

The biological drugs are used for treating rare diseases such as cancer with fewer side effects that have a high prevalence rate in the developed world. For Instance, in 2018, in order to launch the company's biological orphan drug development program Cardax, Inc. announced that it has been engaged with biological orphan drug expert Frederick D. Sancilio, Ph.D. For the development of commercial products, the companies are focused on obtaining biological orphan drugs to increase their revenue.

In November 2019, Bristol-Myers Squibb, a biopharmaceutical company whose mission is to discover, develop, and deliver innovative medicines, acquired Celgene for an undisclosed amount. Through this acquisition, Celgene shareholders received for each share, 1 share of Bristol-Myers Squibb common stock, $50.00 in cash without interest and one tradeable Contingent Value Right (CVR), which will entitle the holder to receive a payment of $9.00 in cash if certain future regulatory milestones are achieved. Celgene, a biopharmaceutical company positioned to address the needs of the patients with serious diseases.

Key Topics Covered

1. Executive Summary

2. Orphan Drugs Market Characteristics

3. Orphan Drugs Market Size and Growth

3.1. Global Orphan Drugs Historic Market, 2015-2019, $ Billion

3.1.1. Drivers Of The Market

3.1.2. Restraints On The Market

3.2. Global Orphan Drugs Forecast Market, 2019-2023F, 2025F, 2030F, $ Billion

3.2.1. Drivers Of The Market

3.2.2. Restraints On the Market

4. Orphan Drugs Market Segmentation

4.1. Global Orphan Drugs Market, Segmentation By Therapy Area, Historic and Forecast, 2015-2019, 2023F, 2025F, 2030F, $ Billion

4.2. Global Orphan Drugs Market, Segmentation By Distribution Channel, Historic and Forecast, 2015-2019, 2023F, 2025F, 2030F, $ Billion

5. Orphan Drugs Market Regional and Country Analysis

5.1. Global Orphan Drugs Market, Split By Region, Historic and Forecast, 2015-2019, 2023F, 2025F, 2030F, $ Billion

Story continues

5.2. Global Orphan Drugs Market, Split By Country, Historic and Forecast, 2015-2019, 2023F, 2025F, 2030F, $ Billion

Companies Mentioned

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View source version on businesswire.com: https://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20200417005515/en/

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(CNN) Weve heard that elderly people and those with underlying health conditions are most at risk if theyre infected with coronavirus, but those can seem like really general terms. Who does that include? And why can they face more serious illness?

According to the [Centers for Disease Control and Prevention], some of the underlying conditions that may put you at higher risk include: chronic lung disease and asthma, heart disease and undergoing cancer treatment, said CNN Chief Medical Correspondent Dr. Sanjay Gupta in anepisode of CNNs Coronavirus: Fact vs. Fiction podcast. Anyone with diabetes, kidney failure or liver failure may also be at higher risk.

The role of the immune system is to protect against disease or other potentially damaging pathogens. A strong one is needed to help stave off coronavirus infection.

Think of it like this, Dr. Gupta suggested. In your everyday life, youre always fighting off pathogens. Most of the time you dont even realize it. If you have an underlying condition, it makes it more challenging to fight off a virus like this. You may develop a fever, shortness of breath or a cough more easily than someone who doesnt have a preexisting illness.

Additionally, there are more specific reasons why each condition has its own vulnerabilities. Heres a guide to underlying conditions affected by coronavirus and why, and how you can protect yourself or an at-risk loved one.

Eight out of 10 deaths reported in the US have been in adults ages 65 and older, according to theCDC. Older adults have also been more likely to require hospitalization and admission to an intensive care unit.

Older adults are more likely to have long-term health problems that can increase their risk for infection and serious disease. And, our immune systems usually weaken with age, making it more difficult for people to fight off infections, according toJohns Hopkins Medicine.

The quality of our lung tissue also declines over time, becoming more elastic and making respiratory diseases such as Covid-19 of important concern because of the potential for lung damage.

Inflammation in older adults can be more intense, leading to organ damage.

People with chronic airway and lung diseases such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), asthma, pulmonary fibrosis and interstitial lung disease can lay the foundations for more severe infection with coronavirus because of the inflammation, scarring and lung damage those conditions cause,Johns Hopkins Medicine reported.

Covid-19 affects a persons airway and lungs, but those organs work together to provide the body with oxygen. When the lungs are overburdened with an infection, the heart has to work harder, which exacerbates the challenges of people already living with heart disease.

According to the CDC, many conditions can cause a person to be immunocompromised, including cancer treatment, smoking, bone marrow or organ transplantation and immune deficiencies. Poorly controlled HIV or AIDS and prolonged use of man-made steroid hormones or otherimmune-weakening medicationscan also hamper a persons immune function.

Cancer can weaken immunity by spreading into the bone marrow, which makes blood cells that help fight infection, according toCancer Research UK. Cancer prevents bone marrow from making enough blood cells.

Some cancer treatments can temporarily weaken the immune system, too. Because cancer treatments such as chemotherapy, cancer drugs, radiotherapy or steroids are targeted toward cancer cells, they can also diminish the number of white blood cells created in the bone marrow.

A2017 studyfound cigarette smoking can harm the immune system by either causing extreme immune responses to pathogens or rendering the body less effective at fighting disease. This may occur by smoking, negatively altering the cellular and molecular mechanisms responsible for keeping an immune system strong.

When a person undergoes a bone marrow transplant using stem cells from a donor, or they receive an organ, a doctor may prescribe medications to prevent graft-versus-host disease andmitigate the immune systems reactionby suppressing its function. After the operation, it takes time for your immune system to be up and running again.

HIV and AIDS attack the bodys immune system, specifically the bodys T cells, which help the immune system fight off infection. When the diseases are untreated, HIV reduces the number of those cells, making the person more likely to contract other infections or infection-related cancer, according to theCDC.

People with severe obesity, or a body mass index of 40 or higher, are athigher risk of serious disease.

Obesity shares with most chronic diseases the presence of an inflammatory component, a2012 studysaid. Inflammatory responses were linked between the immune system and body fat. Obesity is known to impair immune function by altering white blood cell count as well as the cells that control immune responses.

People with type 1 or type 2 diabetes face an increased risk of getting really sick with Covid-19, as both cause a blood sugar spike. If blood sugar is poorly managed, viral diseases can be more dangerous as high blood sugar may give viruses a place to thrive, according toDiabetes in Control, a news and information resource for medical professionals.

Higherlevels of inflammationhave been discovered in the bodies of people with diabetes, weakening the immune system and making it more difficult for those affected to stave off sickness in general.

The kidneysproduce several hormonesthat affect immune responses. Having kidney disease and failure can weaken your immune system, making it easier for infections to take hold. According to theNational Kidney Foundation, doctors and researchers have found that most infections are worse in people with kidney disease.

The liver is an integral member of the bodysline of defense, helping to regulate the number of white blood cells utilized in immune responses and defend against harmful pathogens. Someone with liver disease is experiencing abnormalities in the function of the immune system, giving rise to more serious illness.

Neurological and neurodevelopmental conditions may also increase the risk of serious Covid-19 for people of any age.

These include disorders of the brain, spinal cord, peripheral nerve and muscle such as cerebral palsy, epilepsy, stroke and intellectual disability, according to theCDC. Those with moderate to severe developmental delay, muscular dystrophy or spinal cord injury are also more at-risk.

People with neurological conditions may not be more at risk due to solely their condition, but because medications they might take to control their condition could hamper their immune system. However, some neurological conditions, such as Parkinsons, have been recognized to haveinflammatory components, which may harm the immune system.

Others including muscular dystrophy, multiple sclerosis or amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) could cause paralysis to the diaphragm, which leaves those affected very at risk for respiratory failure if they were to be sick with Covid-19.

If you see yourself on the list of those at higher risk for severe illness, there are several things you can do to protect yourself. First, make sure you are contact your doctor or doctors about your risk level. Second, be extra vigilant about the recommendations that most people are being asked to follow.

Stay home whenever possible and avoid close contact with people, theCDC suggests. Wash your hands often to prevent transferring the virus from a surface to your face, and try to clean and disinfect frequently touched surfaces as often as you can.

If you dont have an underlying condition, doing your part by practicing these cautionary measures can help protect not only you, but your loved ones with existing conditions.

Click here for more coronavirus coverage.

The-CNN-Wire & 2020 Cable News Network, Inc., a WarnerMedia Company. All rights reserved.

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NEW YORK, April 15, 2020 /PRNewswire/ -- The stem cell therapy market was valued at US$ 1,534.55 million in 2019 and is estimated to reach US$ 5,129.66 million by 2027; it is expected to grow at a CAGR of 16.7% from 2020 to 2027.

Read the full report: https://www.reportlinker.com/p05882135/?utm_source=PRN

The increasing awareness related to the stem cells therapy in effective disease management and growing demand for regenerative medicines are the key factor driving the stem cell therapy market. However, high cost related of the stem cell therapy limits the growth of the market.Stem cell research has been widely investigated globally for various medical applications, especially for the treatment of humans.This raises the importance of creating public awareness about stem cell research and its clinical potential.

The main role of stem cells is in the replacement of dying cells and reconstruction of damaged tissues. Based on the extensive stem cell research, many scientists have claimed that these cells could probably be used in the treatment of various diseases, including cancer and cardiovascular disease.There is a large number of potential treatment procedures that are undergoing clinical trials, and a notably few stem cell therapies have won FDA (i.e., US Food and Drug Administration) approval for clinical usage. For instance, in 2019, the FDA approved Fedratinib for the first-line treatment for myelofibrosis. Moreover, stem cell therapies are widely used in bone marrow transplantation, and these therapies have benefited thousands of people suffering from leukemia. Hematopoietic stem cells are used for treating more than 80 medical diseases, including immune system disorders, blood disorders, neurological disorders, metabolic disorders, genetic disorders, and several types of cancers, such as leukemia and lymphoma; this is also likely to boost the demand for this treatment procedure during the forecast period. Researchers are further investigating the use of stem cell therapies in the treatment of autoimmune disorders.

The global stem cell therapy market has been segmented on the basis of type, treatment, application type, and end user.Based on type, the market has been segmented into adult stem cell therapy, induced pluripotent stem cell therapy, embryonic stem cell therapy, and others.

The adult stem cell therapy held the largest share of the market in 2019; however, induced pluripotent stem cell therapy is estimated to register the highest CAGR in the market during the forecast period.Based on treatment, the stem cell therapy market has been segmented into allogeneic and autologous.

The allogeneic segment held a larger share of the market in 2019; however, the market for the autologous segment is expected to grow at a higher CAGR during the forecast period.Based on application type, the stem cell therapy market has been segmented into musculoskeletal, dermatology, cardiology, drug discovery and development, and other applications.

The musculoskeletal segment held the largest share of the stem cell therapy market in 2019, whereas the drug discovery and development segment is expected to report the highest CAGR during 20202027. Based on end user, the market has been segmented into academic and research institutes, and hospitals and specialty clinics. The academic & research institutes held the largest share of the market in 2019, and it is also expected to report the highest CAGR during the forecast period.Several essential secondary sources referred to for preparing this report are the FDA, World Health Organization (WHO), Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, National Institutes of Health, Spanish Agency for Medicines (AEMPS), Japanese Society for Regenerative Medicine, and Indian Council of Medical Research, among others.

Read the full report: https://www.reportlinker.com/p05882135/?utm_source=PRN

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Stem Cell Therapy Market to 2027 - Global Analysis and Forecasts by Type; Treatment; Application; End User, and Geography - Salamanca Press

Two-year-old Livia, the child of a Hong Kong mother and German father, is among patients in a London hospital as Britain grapples with a lockdown wrought by the coronavirus. But she is fighting a disease much rarer and even deadlier.

Livia was diagnosed in early March with acute myeloid leukaemia (AML). Because of the coronavirus pandemic, visits to her bedside have been restricted to reduce infection risks.

Only her father can stay with her. Her aunt and grandparents in Hong Kong cannot travel there for fear of exposing the child to more health risks.

Mother Olive Yu, who has been trying every means possible to save her daughter with access to donor registrations delayed during the lockdown told the Post in a phone interview: I still think that I'm in a really bad dream. I still find it very hard to accept that this is happening. Livia is everything to us because shes the only grandchild in the family, and our only child.

We need to be thinking about how we can help give her [as much time] as she can get

Olive Yu, mother

The family has called on those aged between 18 and 60 in Hong Kong to register as a bone marrow donor with the Hong Kong Bone Marrow Donor Registry, led by the Hong Kong Red Cross. The information is shared with the World Marrow Donor Association (WMDA), a global database of volunteer donors.

There are three options to save Livia, and the most ideal one is for a matching donor to be found and a bone marrow transplant to be conducted by June, according to Livias family.

Livias parents are appealing for bone marrow donors. Photo: Handout

Yu said: Everything takes time, especially now with the coronavirus. But the fact is, we are talking about the life of a two-year-old.

Everything is against us, but it doesn't mean that we should just stop and not do anything about it. So were going to try our best and do whatever we can to give her the best chance at life.

As of Wednesday, Britain had recorded more than 93,000 Covid-19 cases, with a death toll of over 12,000. Police enforced a lockdown on March 23, allowing people only to leave their homes for very limited purposes, such as for food and health reasons, and public gatherings of more than two people have been banned, while places such as restaurants, schools, pubs and gyms are closed.

In general, for bone marrow transplants, the donors human leucocyte antigens (HLA), proteins found on the surface of the blood and in tissue cells, must be closely matched so that the recipients body can accept the new stem cells into their bone marrow.

The second option is that the hospital also, at the same time, reaches out to stem cells from mothers who give birth and donate their umbilical cord, Yu added.

The third option is what they call a non-matching donor, which is either from the mother or father.

The blood samples of Livias parents are being analysed for matches, with results pending.

AML is a form of cancer involving the rapid growth of abnormal cells in the bone marrow and blood. This cancer type accounted for less than 1 per cent of all new cancer cases in Britain in 2017, and often occurs in adults, according to Cancer Research UK.

Livia, two, is now warded in a London hospital. Photo: Handout

A haematologist in Hong Kong, who spoke on condition of anonymity, said the incidence of cancer among children aged under 15 is around 1.2 per million. Fewer than 200 children are diagnosed with cancer in Hong Kong each year and about five out of the 200 have AML, according to him.

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Coronavirus: We need bone marrow donors to save my baby girls life from leukaemia, Hong Kong mother of two-year-old pleads amid London lockdown -...