Results Surpass FDA-Agreed Efficacy Threshold

Omeros Corporation (Nasdaq: OMER) today reports an update on clinical data from its pivotal trial of narsoplimab in the treatment of hematopoietic stem cell transplant-associated thrombotic microangiopathy (HSCT-TMA), markedly exceeding the FDA-agreed threshold for the primary efficacy endpoint. While an overview of preliminary data submitted to FDA was made public on December 4, 2019 in a press release from the company, all patients have now completed treatment and trial enrollment has been closed. Narsoplimab is Omeros human monoclonal antibody targeting mannan-binding lectin-associated serine protease 2 (MASP-2).

In recent meetings with FDA focused on clinical as well as chemistry, manufacturing and controls (CMC) data, FDA confirmed important aspects of Omeros rolling Biologics License Application (BLA) for narsoplimab in HSCT-TMA. The BLA continues on its clear path to completion.

The efficacy threshold agreed with FDA, the updated results from the 28-patient trial, and highlights of the recent FDA meetings are the following:

Primary Endpoint

15% is the FDA-agreed efficacy threshold for the primary endpoint (i.e., the complete response rate [CRR]) in the clinical trial

The CRR for the study population, and the lower limit of the 95 percent confidence interval (95% CI), significantly exceed the efficacy threshold:

54 percent CRR (95% CI = 34 percent to 72 percent, p-value < 0.0001) in patients who received at least one dose of narsoplimab

65 percent CRR (95% CI = 43 percent to 84, p-value < 0.0001) in patients who received the protocol-specified narsoplimab treatment of at least 4 weeks of dosing

As described in the December 4, 2019 press release, the FDA-agreed primary endpoint (the CRR) is the proportion of patients who fully achieve a rigorous set of response criteria, requiring both improvement in HSCT-TMA laboratory markers (platelet count and lactate dehydrogenase [LDH] levels) and improvement in clinical status comprised of organ (renal, pulmonary, gastrointestinal and neurological) function and transfusions (platelet and red blood cells). The full response criteria are provided below.

Secondary Endpoints

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The 100-day survival (defined as survival from the day of HSCT-TMA diagnosis) is 68 percent in all treated patients, 83 percent in patients who received at least 4 weeks of narsoplimab treatment as specified by the protocol, and 93 percent in patients who responded to narsoplimab treatment. Experts familiar with the pivotal trial data would expect a 100-day survival rate of less than 20 percent in the trial population.

Preliminary results of the laboratory secondary efficacy endpoints (change from pre-treatment baseline for each laboratory value) continue to demonstrate meaningful improvement and meet statistical significance in platelet count, LDH and haptoglobin (p < 0.01 in all treated patients).

Safety

The most commonly reported adverse events in the trial were diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, hypokalemia, neutropenia and fever all common in stem-cell transplant patients.

Six deaths occurred during the trial. These were due to sepsis, progression of the underlying disease, and graft-versus-host disease, all common causes of death in this patient population.

The treated population had multiple high-risk features that portend a poor outcome, including the persistence of HSCT-TMA despite modification of immunosuppression (which was a criterion for entry into the trial), graft-versus-host disease, significant infections, non-infectious pulmonary complications and neurological findings. Patients in the trial had a high expected mortality rate, with 93% of them having multiple risk factors.

"The efficacy and safety data from the pivotal trial with narsoplimab are encouraging," said Miguel-Angel Perales, M.D., Deputy Chief of the Adult Bone Marrow Transplantation Service and Director of the Adult Stem Cell Transplantation Fellowship at Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center. "Given the trials stringent response criteria across laboratory markers and organ function, the complete response rate seen with narsoplimab is remarkable, as is the 100-day survival. There currently is no approved treatment for HSCT-TMA. Current therapy is generally limited to supportive care and withdrawal of drugs critical for GVHD prophylaxis. Not only could narsoplimab become central to the treatment of HSCT-TMA, it might well allow us to maintain that needed GVHD prophylaxis."

Complete clinical trial data will be presented by Dr. Perales later this month at the Annual Meeting of the European Society for Blood and Marrow Transplantation in Madrid.

Recent FDA Meeting Highlights and CMC Updates

FDA confirmed that the number of HSCT-TMA patients enrolled is sufficient for the BLAs filing and review for approval. FDA agreed to stopping enrollment.

FDA requested near-term manufacturing dates for narsoplimab so that FDAs pre-approval inspections could be scheduled.

FDA and Omeros reached agreement on CMC requirements for stability data and release assays.

Omeros elected to accelerate the manufacturing schedule for a one-time set of five narsoplimab process validation and commercial lots. These lots were successfully manufactured by Omeros manufacturing partner Lonza, satisfy the BLA requirements and can be used for commercial sale following approval.

"The non clinical sections of our BLA have been submitted, our CMC campaign is progressing well with process validation and commercial lots already manufactured, and our pivotal trial is complete," stated Gregory A. Demopulos, M.D., chairman and chief executive officer of Omeros. "The efficacy threshold agreed with FDA reflects both the primary endpoints stringent response criteria and the poor outcomes expected in the patients enrolled in our trial. Of course, were very pleased that the response rates and confidence intervals seen with narsoplimab are well above that efficacy threshold. We look forward to continuing to work closely with regulators to make the drug commercially available to transplanters and their patients in the U.S. and internationally as quickly as possible."

In addition to its HSCT-TMA program, Omeros is enrolling its narsoplimab Phase 3 clinical trials for immunoglobulin A (IgA) nephropathy and atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome (aHUS). Narsoplimab has been granted, for both HSCT-TMA and IgA nephropathy, FDAs breakthrough therapy designation as well as orphan drug designations from FDA and the European Medicines Agency. The drug also holds FDAs fast-track designation for aHUS.

Primary Efficacy Endpoint

To be considered a responder, a patient must achieve the primary endpoint of complete HSCT-TMA response defined by improvement in laboratory markers and improvement in clinical status.

Laboratory Markers

Criteria for improvement in laboratory markers are LDH less than 1.5 x upper limit of normal AND improvement of platelet count measures:

For patients with baseline platelet count 20,000/L, response requires tripling over baseline platelet count, a post-baseline platelet count >30,000/L, and freedom from platelet transfusion

For patients with baseline platelet count >20,000/ L, response requires: an increase in platelet count by 50%, a post-baseline platelet count >75,000 /L, and freedom from platelet transfusion

Clinical Status

Criteria for improvement in clinical status requires at least one of the following:

Renal response requires >40% reduction in creatinine, or normalization of creatinine and >20% reduction in creatinine, or discontinuation of renal replacement therapy

Pulmonary response requires extubation and discontinuation of ventilator support, or discontinuation of non-invasive mechanical ventilation (continuous positive pressure ventilation)

Gastrointestinal response applicable only to patients with biopsy-proven gastrointestinal HSCT-TMA and requires improvement in gastrointestinal function as determined by the Mount Sinai Acute GVHD International Consortium (MAGIC) criteria

Neurological response requires improvement in reversible neurological conditions (e.g., cessation of seizures), or stabilization of irreversible neurological conditions (e.g., stability of neurological deficits following stroke without further deterioration or subsequent strokes)

Freedom from transfusion only applicable if patient was undergoing transfusion at baseline

About Omeros Corporation

Omeros is an innovative biopharmaceutical company committed to discovering, developing and commercializing small-molecule and protein therapeutics for large-market as well as orphan indications targeting complement-mediated diseases, disorders of the central nervous system and immune-related diseases, including cancers. In addition to its commercial product OMIDRIA (phenylephrine and ketorolac intraocular solution) 1%/0.3%, Omeros has multiple Phase 3 and Phase 2 clinical-stage development programs focused on complement-mediated disorders and substance abuse. In addition, the company has a diverse group of preclinical programs including GPR174, a novel target in immuno-oncology that modulates a new cancer immunity axis recently discovered by Omeros. Small-molecule inhibitors of GPR174 are part of Omeros proprietary G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) platform through which it controls 54 new GPCR drug targets and their corresponding compounds. The company also exclusively possesses a novel antibody-generating platform.

About HSCT-TMA

Hematopoietic stem cell transplant-associated thrombotic microangiopathy (HSCT-TMA) is a significant and often lethal complication of stem cell transplants. This condition is a systemic, multifactorial disorder caused by endothelial cell damage induced by conditioning regimens, immunosuppressant therapies, infection, GvHD, and other factors associated with stem cell transplantation. Endothelial damage, which activates the lectin pathway of complement, plays a central role in the development of HSCT-TMA. The condition occurs in both autologous and allogeneic transplants but is more common in the allogeneic population. In the United States and Europe, approximately 25,000 to 30,000 allogeneic transplants are performed annually. Recent reports in both adult and pediatric allogeneic stem cell transplant populations have found an HSCT-TMA incidence of approximately 40 percent, and high-risk features may be present in up to 80 percent of these patients. In severe cases of HSCT-TMA, mortality can exceed 90 percent and, even in those who survive, long-term renal sequalae are common. There is no approved therapy or standard of care for HSCT-TMA.

About Narsoplimab

Narsoplimab, also known as "OMS721," is an investigational human monoclonal antibody targeting mannan-binding lectin-associated serine protease-2 (MASP-2), a novel pro-inflammatory protein target and the effector enzyme of the lectin pathway of complement. Importantly, inhibition of MASP-2 does not appear to interfere with the antibody-dependent classical complement activation pathway, which is a critical component of the acquired immune response to infection. Omeros controls the worldwide rights to MASP-2 and all therapeutics targeting MASP-2.

Phase 3 clinical programs are in progress for narsoplimab in hematopoietic stem cell transplant-associated thrombotic microangiopathy (HSCT-TMA), in immunoglobulin A (IgA) nephropathy, and in atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome (aHUS). The FDA has granted narsoplimab breakthrough therapy designations for HSCT-TMA and for IgA nephropathy; orphan drug status for the prevention (inhibition) of complement-mediated thrombotic microangiopathies, for the treatment of HSCT-TMA and for the treatment of IgA nephropathy; and fast track designation for the treatment of patients with aHUS. The European Medicines Agency has granted orphan drug designation to narsoplimab for treatment in HSCT and for treatment of primary IgA nephropathy.

Forward-Looking Statements

This press release contains forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933 and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, which are subject to the "safe harbor" created by those sections for such statements. All statements other than statements of historical fact are forward-looking statements, which are often indicated by terms such as "anticipate," "believe," "can," "could," "estimate," "expect," "goal," "intend," "likely", "look forward to," "may," "on track," "plan," "potential," "predict," "project," "prospects," "scheduled," "should," "slated," "targeting," "will," "would" and similar expressions and variations thereof. Forward-looking statements, including statements regarding anticipated regulatory submissions, expectations regarding regulatory exclusivities, the timing and results of ongoing or anticipated clinical trials, and the therapeutic application of Omeros investigational product, are based on managements beliefs and assumptions and on information available to management only as of the date of this press release. Omeros actual results could differ materially from those anticipated in these forward-looking statements for many reasons, including, without limitation, availability and timing of data from clinical trials and the results of such trials, unproven preclinical and clinical development activities, regulatory oversight, intellectual property claims, competitive developments, litigation, and the risks, uncertainties and other factors described under the heading "Risk Factors" in the companys Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2019, filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on March 2, 2020. Given these risks, uncertainties and other factors, you should not place undue reliance on these forward-looking statements, and the company assumes no obligation to update these forward-looking statements, whether as a result of any new information, future events or otherwise, except as required by applicable law.

Dr. Miguel-Angel Perales has received compensation from Omeros for advisory services.

View source version on businesswire.com: https://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20200302005938/en/

Contacts

Jennifer Cook WilliamsCook Williams Communications, Inc.Investor and Media Relations360.668.3701jennifer@cwcomm.org

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Omeros Corporation Reports Updated Results from Narsoplimab HSCT-TMA Clinical Trial and Highlights from Recent Clinical and CMC Meetings with FDA -...

Bone Marrow Stem Cells Comments Off on Omeros Corporation Reports Updated Results from Narsoplimab HSCT-TMA Clinical Trial and Highlights from Recent Clinical and CMC Meetings with FDA -… | March 4th, 2020

A wave of new targeted therapies expands the options in acute myeloid leukemia.

As a mother of three, I dont focus on myself a lot, says Hibbard, who lives in Yorba Linda, California, and was then 37. I was having a lot of bone pain in Vegas, but I have scoliosis, so I always have some pain. Everything just multiplied when I got back home.

She rushed to schedule a same-day appointment with her doctor. As someone in the medical field she works as an ultrasound technician Hibbard had no hesitation about learning what could be wrong. Her doctor appeared alarmed about how sick she looked and immediately ordered bloodwork.

Her platelet count was astoundingly low. A normal count ranges from 150,000 to 450,000 platelets per microliter of blood; Hibbards hovered around 20,000. She initially assumed something had gone wrong with her intrauterine device, because she had recently experienced heavy vaginal bleeding abnormal uterine bleeding can be a symptom of certain hematologic cancers.

I thought I was anemic because I had lost a lot of blood. Cancer didnt even cross my mind until the doctor came in and told me I had leukemia, she says.

A week and half after returning from her vacation, Hibbard received a diagnosis of acute myeloid leukemia (AML). This cancer of the blood and bone marrow affects more than 20,000 people each year in the United States.

For years, prognosis remained poor for patients with the disease, which has a 24% five-year survival rate for people ages 20 and older and 67% for those younger than 20, with limited treatment options. But the past two years brought an explosion of new medications approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) to treat AML, particularly therapies targeting specific genomic mutations that may confer a worse prognosis.

For more than 45 years, the treatment for AML only involved intensive chemotherapy, and that was the only chance at a cure, says Amer Zeidan, an associate professor of internal medicine at Yale Cancer Center in New Haven, Connecticut. But since 2017, weve had a revolution in the treatment of AML after many years of no approved agents. I give an analogy in (terms) of before Christ and after Christ because the landscape has changed so much.

WHAT DOES AN AML DIAGNOSIS MEAN?

Historically, chemotherapy for the treatment of AML involves two phases: induction therapy followed by consolidation therapy. Shortly after diagnosis, a patient will undergo induction therapy to rid the body of any signs of the disease.

Most often, patients receive the combination of cytarabine and an anthracycline drug such as Cerubidine (daunorubicin) or Idamycin (idarubicin). Approximately 75% of younger adults with AML and 50% of patients older than 60 achieve complete remission, or disappearance of overt leukemia in the bone marrow, after induction treatment. Once a patient has recovered, consolidation therapy, chemotherapy or a stem cell transplant kills any remaining leukemia cells.

Early signs of AML, which is typically associated with older age (more than 65 years), history of tobacco smoking and certain inherited genetic disorders, include weight loss, fatigue, fever, night sweats, bruising and excessive bleeding. Because AML is generally widespread throughout the bone marrow and possibly other organs, it is not staged like other cancers. About half of patients who achieve remission after initial treatment will relapse.

Genomic testing revealed that Hibbard had a FLT3 mutation. The most common mutation in AML, FLT3 is found in 30% of all cases and associated with a particularly aggressive form of the disease and a higher risk of relapse. My oncologist told me, Bad news you have the FLT3 mutation. But the good news is that they just developed an inhibitor you can take, recalls Hibbard. He said it with a big smile on his face.

In April 2017, the FDA approved Rydapt (midostaurin), the first targeted therapy for AML, combined with chemotherapy to treat adults with a new diagnosis and a FLT3 mutation. The oral medication belongs to a group of drugs called FLT3 inhibitors, which block several enzymes that promote cell growth.

During Hibbards month in the hospital to receive induction chemotherapy, she experienced several life-threatening complications, including a blood clotting disorder, two strokes and a bout of sepsis. Believing she was on her deathbed; she made a video saying goodbye to her children.

Hibbard recovered, returned home and began treatment with Rydapt, which made her nauseated. The drugs other common side effects include low levels of white blood cells with fever (febrile neutropenia), inflammation of the mucous membranes and vomiting.

Hibbard achieved remission following more chemotherapy and a stem cell transplant and remains free of cancer. I was extremely excited about taking Rydapt because I felt truly blessed that there was an inhibitor for my mutation, since it was so aggressive, says Hibbard, who is now 39.

It smells horrible, and its a large pill, but I took it willingly because I knew it would improve my chances of survival.

RIGHT ON TARGET

Rydapt is one of eight drugs for AML that have gained FDA approval since 2017. Xospata (gilteritinib), another type of targeted therapy that inhibits FLT3, was approved in May2019 for adults who stopped responding to treatment or whose disease had relapsed.

The IDH inhibitors Idhifa (enasidenib) and Tibsovo (ivosidenib) target mutations in the IDH1 and IDH2 genes. Daurismo (glasdegib), Venclexta (venetoclax) and Vyxeos (CPX-351) expand the options for older patients who cant be treated with intensive chemotherapy because of its toxicities. Mylotarg (gemtuzumab ozogamicin) can be given to patients who express the CD33 antigen.

We now have a better understanding of the biology behind AML, especially the molecular mutations that drive this disease, and we have developed treatment that targets these mutations, says Dr. Kevin Kelly, an associate professor of clinical medicine at the University of Southern California in Los Angeles. One of the most important mutations is FLT3, targeted by midostaurin and gilteritinib. These drugs specifically target the leukemia cells while being less toxic on the normal tissue of the body.In a large clinical trial, patients with new diagnoses who took Rydapt along with chemotherapy lived longer than those who received chemotherapy alone. After four years, 51.4% in the Rydapt group were still alive compared with 44.3% in the chemotherapy group.

Findings from the ADMIRAL trial showed that Xospata similarly extended survival. Patients who took the FLT3 inhibitor alone had a median overall survival of 9.3 months compared with 5.6 months for those given chemotherapy alone. Though encouraging, these are early findings from new files, and long-term follow-up could bring significantly different results, cautioned experts.

Side effects of Xospata include nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, constipation, pain or sores in the mouth or throat, shortness of breath, muscle or joint pain and dizziness. The drug can also cause differentiation syndrome, a potentially fatal complication believedto be caused by release of cytokines from leukemia cells. It can be treated with steroids, but prompt recognition is key. Symptoms include fever, cough, trouble breathing, bone pain, rapid weight gain and swelling in the arms, legs, underarm, groin or neck.Differentiation syndrome is also a concern for patients treated with Idhifa and Tibsovo. Based on clinical trial results showing that 19% of patients had complete remission for a median of 8.2 months, Idhifa was approved in August 2017 for patients who relapsed or became resistant to treatment for AML. The targeted therapy homes in on mutations in the IDH2 gene, which are found in 8%-19% of patients with AML.

In July 2018, Tibsovo, which targets IDH1 mutations found in 7%-14% of patients with AML, was approved. Roughly two years later, the FDA allowed the drugs use as a first-line treatment for patients who arent eligible for intensive chemotherapy.Another type of targeted therapy, Mylotarg aims at AML cells expressing the CD33 antigen, found in more than 80% of patients. Reapproved by the FDA in September 2017 to treat patients with new diagnoses and those who relapsed or became resistant to therapy, the agent combines the unique targeting of a monoclonal antibody with the cancer-killing ability of a chemotherapy drug.

What is happening now in AML is similar to what already happened with multiple myeloma. Today, proteasome inhibitors and other biological drugs have almost completely replaced chemotherapy for almost all ages and subsets of myeloma, says Dr. Naval Daver, an associate professor in the department of leukemia at The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center in Houston. With these new targeted therapies, we can improve outcome and survival in AML while reducing the need for chemotherapy and even stem cell transplants.

OPTIONS FOR OLDER PATIENTS

The lack of treatment options for older patients with AML only about half of patients older than 60 receive intensive induction chemotherapy; the rest get either gentler chemotherapy that doesnt aim to cure or supportive care without any chemotherapy has meant that many are undertreated, with poorer clinical outcomes.

Fortunately, the approvals of Venclexta and Daurismo for patients aged 75 and older bring new options. Venclexta, which blocks BCL-2 proteins, was granted accelerated approved by the FDA based on promising results from early-phase clinical trials, but two larger, ongoing studies are examining its effectiveness and safety. The rate of complete remission was up to 54% for Venclexta plus decitabine but varied depending on which chemotherapy drug was given.

There has been dramatic progress in the treatment of AML in recent years, with one of the most important drugs being venetoclax for older AML populations, who have been one of the most difficult populations to treat, Daver says. It works synergistically with low-dose chemotherapy drugs already being used, which is a major breakthrough in the treatment of older patients with AML.

Daurismo targets the smoothened, or SMO, protein that fuels the growth and spread of AML. In a clinical trial, the median overall survival in older patients who received Daurismo along with chemotherapy was 8.3 months compared with 4.3 months for those who got chemotherapy alone.

Vyxeos (CPX-351) can also be used in older patients. It's August 2017 approval was for patients with two types of prognoses: newly diagnosed therapy-related AML, which occurs as a complication of cancer treatment in 8%-10% of patients within five years after chemotherapy or radiation, and AML with myelodysplasia-related changes, characterized by a history of certain blood disorders and other significant mutations within cancer cells. Patients with these types of AML tend to be older and have additional medical issues.

A study that compared Vyxeos with traditional chemotherapy showed that patients with new diagnoses who took Vyxeos lived longer, with a median overall survival of 9.56 months compared with 5.95 months, respectively.

In addition, an investigational oral therapy, CC-486, has shown a survival benefit in patients with newly diagnosed AML in the maintenance setting. In a phase 3 trial, researchers saw that the drug extended overall survival by 9.9 months compared with placebo.

We have new drugs available for subsets of the disease, which is why the management of AML is becoming more like personalized medicine, Zeidan says. I think we are going in the direction of more targeted therapy, lower toxicity agents, combinations of different oral agents and, hopefully, incremental improvement in outcomes. Im very optimistic about where the field is going.

The wealth of drug approvals certainly gives more hope to patients with AML, especially those with a previously poor prognosis and lack of treatment options. Rapid genetic testing is leading to the early classification of disease subtypes, pushing AML treatment into the realm of precision medicine. Several clinical trials in progress aim to test combinations of the newer agents, such as Venclexta with an IDH inhibitor.

Hibbard remains thankful for the targeted therapy she received. She believes that the trust she had in the newly approved Rydapt and the entire treatment process helped save her life.

I remember being terrified, with people praying over my bedside. But Im very pragmatic, so I was very much like, OK, now what do we do? Whats the next step? Hibbard says. That was my entire battle. Today I am more than a year post-transplant and grateful to kiss my kids goodnight every night.

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Most of you reading this would have probably never heard of such a disease. My hope is, after taking time to read this, that you will know what myeloma is and have a better understanding of bone marrow cancer in general.

So, lets get started!

Your bone marrow is the factory where all your blood cells are made. This includes red blood cells (they carry the oxygen in your blood), white blood cells (your bodys defence against infections) and platelets (small fragments that prevent and stop bleeding).

The production of these cells by the bone marrow is very well controlled by your body, both in terms of the amount and the type of cells produced. If you have an infection, for instance, your body tells the stem cells in your bone marrow to make more white blood cells to help fight the infection. In such instances, an immature, baby cell gets produced in your bone marrow which then needs to go through various stages of growth and development to become a mature white blood cell. It is then released from the bone marrow into your bloodstream to go and do the job it was destined for, to fight the infection.

This process usually runs quite smoothly, but things can, unfortunately go horribly wrong. Sometimes your body makes a mistake in the production of a white blood cell, almost like a programming error which occurs in the DNA (blueprint) of the cell. It often recognizes its mistake and corrects it, but occasionally this abnormal cell has the ability to hide from your bodys defences, doesnt listen to your bodys commands anymore and can start to increase in number without anything controlling it. This causes a variety of problems and is then called cancer.

Depending on the type of white blood cell and where in its development the programming error occurs, a person can either develop a type of bone marrow cancer (usually leukaemia or myeloma) or lymphoma (glandular cancer), which is also a type of cancer that develops from an abnormal white blood cell.

That brings us to myeloma (also called multiple myeloma or plasma cell myeloma). Myeloma is a type of bone marrow cancer that develops when a programming error occurs in the development of a specific type of white blood cell, called a plasma cell. To understand myeloma better, it is important to understand what role a plasma cell plays under normal circumstances.

They are indeed an integral part of your bodys immune system. Any infection that you may develop gets recognized by your plasma cells. They respond by rapidly producing small proteins called antibodies, which are almost like homing missiles, programmed to go and destroy only that specific virus or bacteria that is making you ill.

After an infection, some of the antibodies remain in your bloodstream and if you are exposed to that exact virus or bacteria again, they are ready to attack immediately, thereby limiting the infection. This is the rationale behind childhood vaccination; to stimulate the production of antibodies which patrol your bloodstream and protect you when you get exposed to infections like measles, polio and many others.

If these plasma cells become cancerous however, they rapidly increase in number, taking over the bone marrow and producing a massive amount of an abnormal antibody which can cause a whole array of problems. This increase in antibody levels in the bloodstream can be measured with a blood test and is also used to monitor the response to treatment.. What are thesymptoms of myeloma?

The abnormal plasma cells in the bone marrow overwhelms the normal bone marrow which most commonly leads to an inability to produce enough red blood cells. This is called anaemia. Symptoms of anaemia are related to the bodys inability to carry sufficient oxygen to your organs and include worsening fatigue, shortness of breath and dizziness.

The abnormal plasma cells also have the ability to weaken your bones. This can either be a generalized loss of bone strength (called osteoporosis), or it can lead to numerous holes being eaten in your bones. This can be seen on an X-Ray or other types of scans. It often results in significant bone pain or even worse, severe fractures with minimal- or even no trauma at all.

Bones are rich in calcium, and if they are being eaten away, their calcium content is released into the bloodstream causing an elevated blood calcium level. This can lead to dehydration, kidney failure and numerous other symptoms.

As mentioned before, the plasma cells in the bone marrow releases a massive amount of abnormal antibodies into the bloodstream. They can clog up your kidneys and cause significant- and often irreversible kidney failure. This can seriously complicate the management of the disease.

These are by far the most common features of myeloma:

Anaemia, bone lesions or fractures, hypercalcaemia and kidney failure.There are numerous other symptoms which can occur, albeit less common.

Is myeloma treatable?

Myeloma is indeed a treatable condition, but there are a couple of important treatment principles to understand.

For most people, myeloma is not a curable disease. It can, however, be carefully managed and the aim of treatment is to provide a good quality of life for as many years as possible. No patients disease is the same and where we sometimes have patients with myeloma living in excess of ten years after being diagnosed, other patients are unfortunately less fortunate and have a form of the disease that is resistant to treatment which can take its toll after only a couple of months.

We perform DNA-tests on the cancer cells and look at various other blood results in an attempt to identify those patients with high-risk disease, who potentially need more intense treatment than others.

The goal of treatment is to destroy as many abnormal plasma cells in the bone marrow as possible. This leads to recovery of the normal bone marrow and minimises the risk of any further complications, giving the body a chance to recover from any complications caused prior to treatment.

For many decades, the backbone of the treatment for myeloma was a combination of two different type of drugs: Chemotherapy and high dosages of cortisone. This is usually quite well tolerated.

The last couple of years, however, have seen an explosion of newer therapies for the treatment of myeloma. This started years ago with the discovery that Thalidomide, was extremely effective for the treatment of myeloma. Soon, more of these so-called novel therapies were developed, leading to a significant increase in the survival of patients who have access to these drugs.

The latest and most impressive of these treatments are certainly the development of monoclonal antibodies and CAR-T cells, both of which are extremely effective even in high risk or resistant myeloma. There is so much excitement about all the newer therapies, but access remains a challenge in theSouth African market.

A strong collaborative effort is required amongst pharmaceutical companies, government and medical schemes, to improve the current access of newer drugs. Nevertheless, some of these drugs have been around for many years and the costs have come down considerably, making it accessible to more people.

The initial treatment of myeloma generally consists of varying combinations of these drugs depending on the patients age, physical condition and of course, the available funding.

We usually use 3 different drugs in combination (a so-called triplet regimen) which has been proven to be very effective. Once the treatment is started, we take blood regularly to monitor the abnormal antibody levels in the blood which, as mentioned earlier, is a surrogate indicator of the number of cancer cells remaining in the bone marrow.

If we dont see a significant downward trend, the disease is likely resistant to that specific treatment combination and treatment should be adjusted accordingly. However, if the antibody levels come down significantly, we are on the right track and can continue with the same treatment until an optimal response is obtained or the development of side-effects forces us to make an adjustment.

After 4-6 months of treatment, the hope is to see no sign of any abnormal antibodies or cancer cells anymore (we call this a remission), or at least a dramatic reduction. We do however know that although we sometimes dont pick up any sign of residual disease, it is merely because the available tests are not sensitive enough. There will always be some cancer cells that remain.

As a general principle, however, the less residual disease, the longer it usually takes before it causes problems again. Because of this, we usually treat younger patients more aggressively in an attempt to obtain a deeper remission. The biggest difference in younger patients is the use of an autologous stem cell transplant as a 2nd phase of treatment to try and obtain or deepen a remission.

We harvest the patients bone marrow stem cells and keep them frozen until needed. We then administer a single high dose chemotherapy which destroys many of the remaining cancer cells, but in the process, it also destroys the normal bone marrow, without which you cannot survive. The patients stem cells are then thawed and given back to them like a blood transfusion.

After about two weeks of close monitoring in the hospital, the stem cells start to function and the patient subsequently has his/her own bone marrow back, hopefully with significantly less myeloma. The age cut-off for such a procedure is arbitrary because it largely depends on the physical condition of the patient. Most people in South Africa, however, use the age of 70 as a cut off, sometimes a bit older if the patient is in exceptional condition for his/her age.

The median age of people diagnosed with myeloma worldwide is about 70 years. The available data, however, suggests that the median age in South Africa is considerably younger, somewhere around the age of 60 years. Due to this, as well as the problems with drug availability in South Africa, we often rely quite heavily on stem cell transplantation as an important part of treatment. If enough stem cells are harvested and cryopreserved, such a transplant can be repeated on numerous occasions to improve disease control.

After a transplant, as well as for those patients who are not candidates for a transplant, a form of low-intensity maintenance therapy is often started as the next phase of treatment in an attempt to keep the disease under control for as long as possible. This duration varies considerably. We hope for a couple of years, but it is unfortunately sometimes just a couple of months before the disease worsens, after which more intense treatment needs to be restarted again and the above cycle repeats itself. The remission duration gives us a good indication regarding the nature and prognosis of the disease.

There is so much more detail about myeloma to share, but the bottom line is this: Although myeloma is not a curable cancer and can lead to devastating complications, there is good treatment available which can help many patients enjoy a good quality of life for many years.

It is important to diagnose myeloma early, so if you have some of the symptoms mentioned earlier, please contact your General Practitioner for further investigation. If any abnormalities are detected, your GP can refer you to aClinical Haematologist, who specialises in bone marrow cancers and are best equipped to treat your myeloma.

We are all very excited about the future of myeloma treatment and hope that the treating physicians, pharmaceutical companies and government can take hands to ensure proper treatment for all the people in South Africa who suffer from this disease.

This article was compiled by Dr. Hannes Koornhof (Chairman of SACHAS)MBChB, FCP (SA), Dip HIV Man (SA), Cert Clin Haematology (SA) PhysSponsored by JANSSEN PHARMACEUTICA(PTY) LTD/(EDMS) BPK. (Reg. No./Regnr. 1980/011122/07); No 2, Medical Road, Halfway House, Midrand, 1685.www.janssen.com.

Medical Info Line: 0860 11 11 17. EM-27036

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Everything you need to know about Myeloma - IOL

Bone Marrow Stem Cells Comments Off on Everything you need to know about Myeloma – IOL | March 2nd, 2020

VANCOUVER, Washington, March 02, 2020 (GLOBE NEWSWIRE) -- CytoDyn Inc. (OTC.QB: CYDY), ("CytoDyn" or the "Company"), a late-stage biotechnology company developing leronlimab (PRO 140), a CCR5 antagonist with the potential for multiple therapeutic indications, announced today continued positive data for its mTNBC and MBC patients.

Metastatic triple-negative breast cancer (mTNBC), an aggressive histological subtype, has a poor prognosis. In addition, metastatic breast cancer (MBC) is breast cancer that has spread beyond the breast and lymph nodes to other organs in the body (typically the bones, liver, lungs, or brain). Both types of cancer pose significant challenges for patients due to their aggressiveness and limited treatment options. An integral part of CytoDyn's mission and purpose is to provide effective therapeutic solutions to these patients. Results of the first five patients are as follows:

Patient #1: Enrolled in mTNBC Phase 1b/2 - Injected on 9/27/2019. CTC (circulating tumor cells) dropped to zero in two weeks on 10/11/2019. Total CTC and EMT (Epithelial Mesenchymal Transition in Tumor Metastasis) dropped to zero after about one month of treatment with leronlimab (once-a-week 350 mg dose). Results from the patient's earlier CT scan indicated a more than 25% tumor shrinkage within the first few weeks of treatment with leronlimab. Most importantly, after more than five months of treatment with leronlimab and Carboplatin, the patient not only has zero CTC and zero EMT, but also zero detectible CAML (cancer-associated microphages like cells).

Patient #2: Enrolled in single IND. Patient is MBC with HER2+ stage 4 metastasis to lung, liver, and brain. Patient's radiologist cancelled 2nd round of treatment due to leronlimab's effect on shrinking the largest tumor in the brain by 56% and other lesions being stable. Leronlimab has and continues to be the only treatment in place for brain metastasis after radiation was administered to this patient in July 2019. Four and one-half months after successful radiation treatment, the patient received her first dose of leronlimab (700 mg) and no other drugs to treat the brain metastasis. The 56% shrinkage in the brain lesions occurred after only two once-weekly injections of leronlimab. After 10 weeks of treatment with leronlimab, this patient's CTC and EMT results were all zeros (results reported on 2/12/2020). The patient's CT scan in mid-February was reported as stable.

Patient #3: Enrolled on 1/3/2020. This patient's CAML counts decreased from 45 to 30. CTC+EMT are stable and there has been no change in the total number. Despite positive results, this patient stopped treatment due to complications with her implanted port, which was unrelated to leronlimab.

Patient #4: Enrolled on 1/7/2020. This patient's total CTC dropped by 75% in the first two weeks of treatment with leronlimab. After almost five weeks of treatment, the CTC remained at zero.

Patient #5: Enrolled on 2/4/2020. This patient has traveled from England to receive leronlimab. Initial response from treatment indicated tumor shrinkage and, importantly, CTC dropped to zero after three weeks of leronlimab treatment.

Patients #6 and #7: Enrolled and waiting for the first results post-baseline results.

Patients #8 through #10: Will be injected in early March.

Bruce Patterson, M.D., chief executive officer and founder of IncellDx, a diagnostic partner and advisor to CytoDyn, commented, "Patients continue to be actively enrolled in this trial based on the expression of CCR5 on lymphocytes and macrophages in the tumor microenvironment. The proposed mechanism of action (MOA) consisting of inhibition of Tregs and repolarization of macrophages has demonstrated a predictable, sustained response that has reduced the size of primary and metastatic tumors and reduced circulating tumor cells in all patients tested so far."

Nader Pourhassan, Ph.D., president and chief executive officer of CytoDyn, added, "These findings are solidifying our belief of the four mechanism of actions (MOA) for leronlimab in the treatment of cancer, as previously verified through preclinical animal studies and in published papers. These MOAs indicate that leronlimab may potentially stop metastasis in many types of solid tumor cancers, trigger the body's immune response system to destroy the cancer tumor and perhaps more. This could represent the beginning of the transformation of CytoDyn from a potential leader in HIV therapy to providing potentially a new innovative treatment opportunity to patients with various forms of cancer and potentially NASH, GvHD, MS, and perhaps many more indications. With the possibility of our first approval in HIV late this year, we could have over 30 label expansion opportunities post-HIV approval."

About Triple-Negative Breast CancerTriple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a type of breast cancer characterized by the absence of the three most common types of receptors in the cancer tumor known to fuel most breast cancer growthestrogen receptors (ER), progesterone receptors (PR) and the hormone epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER-2) gene. TNBC cancer occurs in about 10 to 20 percent of diagnosed breast cancers and can be more aggressive and more likely to spread and recur. Since the triple-negative tumor cells lack these receptors, common treatments for breast cancer such as hormone therapy and drugs that target estrogen, progesterone, and HER-2 are ineffective.

About Leronlimab (PRO 140)The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) have granted a "Fast Track" designation to CytoDyn for two potential indications of leronlimab for deadly diseases. The first as a combination therapy with HAART for HIV-infected patients and the second is for metastatic triple-negative breast cancer. Leronlimab is an investigational humanized IgG4 mAb that blocks CCR5, a cellular receptor that is important in HIV infection, tumor metastases, and other diseases including NASH. Leronlimab has successfully completed nine clinical trials in over 800 people, including meeting its primary endpoints in a pivotal Phase 3 trial (leronlimab in combination with standard antiretroviral therapies in HIV-infected treatment-experienced patients).

In the setting of HIV/AIDS, leronlimab is a viral-entry inhibitor; it masks CCR5, thus protecting healthy T cells from viral infection by blocking the predominant HIV (R5) subtype from entering those cells. Leronlimab has been the subject of nine clinical trials, each of which demonstrated that leronlimab can significantly reduce or control HIV viral load in humans. The leronlimab antibody appears to be a powerful antiviral agent leading to potentially fewer side effects and less frequent dosing requirements compared with daily drug therapies currently in use.

In the setting of cancer, research has shown that CCR5 plays an important role in tumor invasion and metastasis. Increased CCR5 expression is an indicator of disease status in several cancers. Published studies have shown that blocking CCR5 can reduce tumor metastases in laboratory and animal models of aggressive breast and prostate cancer. Leronlimab reduced human breast cancer metastasis by more than 98% in a murine xenograft model. CytoDyn is therefore conducting aPhase 1b/2 human clinical trial in metastatic triple-negative breast cancer and was granted Fast Track designation in May 2019. Additional research is being conducted with leronlimab in the setting of cancer and NASH with plans to conduct additionalclinical studies when appropriate.

The CCR5 receptor appears to play a central role in modulating immune cell trafficking to sites of inflammation and may be important in the development of acute graft-versus-host disease (GvHD) and other inflammatory conditions. Clinical studies by others further support the concept that blocking CCR5 using a chemical inhibitor can reduce the clinical impact of acute GvHD without significantly affecting the engraftment of transplanted bone marrow stem cells. CytoDyn is currently conducting a Phase 2 clinical study with leronlimab to further support the concept that the CCR5 receptor on engrafted cells is critical for the development of acute GvHD and that blocking this receptor from recognizing certain immune signaling molecules is a viable approach to mitigating acute GvHD. The FDA has granted "orphan drug" designation to leronlimab for the prevention of GvHD.

About CytoDynCytoDyn is a biotechnology company developing innovative treatments for multiple therapeutic indications based on leronlimab, a novel humanized monoclonal antibody targeting the CCR5 receptor. CCR5 appears to play a key role in the ability of HIV to enter and infect healthy T-cells. The CCR5 receptor also appears to be implicated in tumor metastasis and in immune-mediated illnesses, such as GvHD and NASH. CytoDyn has successfully completed a Phase 3 pivotal trial with leronlimab in combination with standard anti-retroviral therapies in HIV-infected treatment-experienced patients. CytoDyn plans to seek FDA approval for leronlimab in combination therapy and plans to complete the filing of a Biologics License Application (BLA) in the first quarter of 2020 for that indication. CytoDyn is also conducting a Phase 3 investigative trial with leronlimab as a once-weekly monotherapy for HIV-infected patients and plans to initiate a registration-directed study of leronlimab monotherapy indication, which if successful, could support a label extension. Clinical results to date from multiple trials have shown that leronlimab can significantly reduce viral burden in people infected with HIV with no reported drug-related serious adverse events (SAEs). Moreover, results from a Phase 2b clinical trial demonstrated that leronlimab monotherapy can prevent viral escape in HIV-infected patients, with some patients on leronlimab monotherapy remaining virally suppressed for more than five years. CytoDyn is also conducting a Phase 2 trial to evaluate leronlimab for the prevention of GvHD and a Phase 1b/2 clinical trial with leronlimab in metastatic triple-negative breast cancer. More information is atwww.cytodyn.com.

Forward-Looking StatementsThis press releasecontains certain forward-looking statements that involve risks, uncertainties and assumptions that are difficult to predict. Words and expressions reflecting optimism, satisfaction or disappointment with current prospects, as well as words such as "believes," "hopes," "intends," "estimates," "expects," "projects," "plans," "anticipates" and variations thereof, or the use of future tense, identify forward-looking statements, but their absence does not mean that a statement is not forward-looking. The Company's forward-looking statements are not guarantees of performance, and actual results could vary materially from those contained in or expressed by such statements due to risks and uncertainties including: (i)the sufficiency of the Company's cash position, (ii)the Company's ability to raise additional capital to fund its operations, (iii) the Company's ability to meet its debt obligations, if any, (iv)the Company's ability to enter into partnership or licensing arrangements with third parties, (v)the Company's ability to identify patients to enroll in its clinical trials in a timely fashion, (vi)the Company's ability to achieve approval of a marketable product, (vii)the design, implementation and conduct of the Company's clinical trials, (viii)the results of the Company's clinical trials, including the possibility of unfavorable clinical trial results, (ix)the market for, and marketability of, any product that is approved, (x)the existence or development of vaccines, drugs, or other treatments that are viewed by medical professionals or patients as superior to the Company's products, (xi)regulatory initiatives, compliance with governmental regulations and the regulatory approval process, (xii)general economic and business conditions, (xiii)changes in foreign, political, and social conditions, and (xiv)various other matters, many of which are beyond the Company's control. The Company urges investors to consider specifically the various risk factors identified in its most recent Form10-K, and any risk factors or cautionary statements included in any subsequent Form10-Q or Form8-K, filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission. Except as required by law, the Company does not undertake any responsibility to update any forward-looking statements to take into account events or circumstances that occur after the date of this press release.

CYTODYN CONTACTS

Investors: Dave Gentry, CEORedChip CompaniesOffice: 1.800.RED.CHIP (733.2447)Cell: 407.491.4498dave@redchip.com

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CytoDyn Reports Remarkable Outcomes for Additional Cancer Patients in mTNBC Trial; Following an Overwhelming Community Response, CytoDyn Expects to...

Bone Marrow Stem Cells Comments Off on CytoDyn Reports Remarkable Outcomes for Additional Cancer Patients in mTNBC Trial; Following an Overwhelming Community Response, CytoDyn Expects to… | March 2nd, 2020

A bone marrow donor registry drive on Texas A&M Universitys campus brought more than 400 students to Duncan Dining Hall on Friday.

Participants swabbed their mouths to provide DNA samples and have their names added to Be the Matchs national bone marrow registry, which will help people in need of bone marrow connect with donors. The event was a collaborative effort between the A&M Corps of Cadets, the Kidz1stFund and Be the Match.

If anyone is matched, Community Engagement Representative for Be the Match Gulf Coast Benita Davis said they will need to have additional blood work done before donating.

A&M senior and Cadet 1st Lt. Mitchell Moore said his attendance on Friday was motivated in part by his interest in the medical field, since he is aiming to go to medical school.

Its minimum to no risk for you and not too much time, Moore said about donating. A small time on your part can make a huge difference and extend someones life by years.

A&M football coach Jimbo Fisher and Candi Fisher started Kidz1stFund in 2011 to raise money for research about fanconi anemia, which is a rare blood disorder that their teenage son was diagnosed with. Fisher stopped by Fridays event to speak with organizers and meet participants.

Its amazing how many great people there are in this world who are willing to help other people, Fisher said. These young men and women out here are actually saving lives.

Davis said donating is not as painful as many people often think, especially since about 80% of donations can be made with the nonsurgical method of giving peripheral blood stem cells. The other 20% of donations involve marrow being removed from the hip while the donor is asleep under general anesthesia. According to the Be the Match website, about one in 430 people on the registry end up donating.

The cadets in attendance on Friday were a reflection of who they are as people and students, according to Amy Thompson, assistant commandant, marketing and communications for the Corps of Cadets.

Selfless service is an A&M core value its also a core value for the Corps of Cadets, Thompson said. The commandant really supports and encourages cadets to seek out opportunities to be leaders in selfless service. This is one of those opportunities where we can do that on a very large scale and make a huge impact.

Corps Squadron 1 commander and A&M senior Jacob Svetz donated using stem cells about two years ago. He said he thinks everyone should sign up for the registry.

The few pin pricks that you get Its such a miniscule amount of pain compared to what that family and individual are suffering through, Svetz said. To put yourself into a position to be able to help that for me, it doesnt make sense not to.

Be the Match On Campus President and A&M senior Paige Boone said the organization hosts drives every month. The next one will be March 25 at A&Ms Rudder Plaza. Home swab kits are also an option. To get started, visit join.bethematch.org or text CORPS to 61474. Anyone ages 18 to 44 can participate.

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DUBLIN, Feb. 27, 2020 /PRNewswire/ -- The "Stem Cell Banking - Market Analysis, Trends, and Forecasts" report has been added to ResearchAndMarkets.com's offering.

The growing interest in regenerative medicine which involves replacing, engineering or regenerating human cells, tissues or organs, will drive market growth of stem cells. Developments in stem cells bioprocessing are important and will be a key factor that will influence and help regenerative medicine research move into real-world clinical use. The impact of regenerative medicine on healthcare will be comparable to the impact of antibiotics, vaccines, and monoclonal antibodies in current clinical care. With the global regenerative medicine market poised to reach over US$45 billion by 2025, demand for stem cells will witness robust growth.

Another emerging application area for stem cells is in drug testing in the pharmaceutical field. New drugs in development can be safely, accurately, and effectively be tested on stem cells before commencing tests on animal and human models. Among the various types of stem cells, umbilical cord stem cells are growing in popularity as they are easy and safe to extract. After birth blood from the umbilical cord is extracted without posing risk either to the mother or the child. As compared to embryonic and fetal stem cells which are saddled with safety and ethical issues, umbilical cord is recovered postnatally and is today an inexpensive and valuable source of multipotent stem cells. Until now discarded as waste material, umbilical cord blood is today acknowledged as a valuable source of blood stem cells. The huge gap between newborns and available cord blood banks reveals huge untapped opportunity for developing and establishing a more effective banking system for making this type of stem cells viable for commercial scale production and supply. Umbilical cord and placenta contain haematopoietic blood stem cells (HSCs). These are the only cells capable of producing immune system cells (red cells, white cells and platelet).

HSCs are valuable in the treatment of blood diseases and successful bone marrow transplants. Also, unlike bone marrow stem cells, umbilical cord blood has the advantage of having 'off-the-shelf' uses as it requires no human leukocyte antigen (HLA) tissue matching. Developments in stem cell preservation will remain crucial for successful stem cell banking. Among the preservation technologies, cryopreservation remains popular. Development of additives for protecting cells from the stresses of freezing and thawing will also be important for the future of the market. The United States and Europe represent large markets worldwide with a combined share of 60.5% of the market. China ranks as the fastest growing market with a CAGR of 10.8% over the analysis period supported by the large and growing network of umbilical cord blood banks in the country. The Chinese government has, over the years, systematically nurtured the growth of umbilical cord blood (UCB) banks under the 'Developmental and Reproductive Research Initiation' program launched in 2008. Several hybrid public-private partnerships and favorable governmental licensing policies today are responsible for the current growth in this market.

Competitors identified in this market include:

Companies Mentioned

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Global Stem Cell Market Poised for Strong Growth as Global Regenerative Medicine Market Poised to Reach US$45 billion by 2025 - P&T Community

Bone Marrow Stem Cells Comments Off on Global Stem Cell Market Poised for Strong Growth as Global Regenerative Medicine Market Poised to Reach US$45 billion by 2025 – P&T Community | February 29th, 2020

The bag that Laurie Olesen gripped as she walked through the airport looked like any other carry-on. But the bright blue canvas tote would carry more than her cellphone, e-reader and toiletries. It would hold the last, best hope of survival for a desperately ill patient.

Bound for the East Coast, Olesen was on a mission to pick up blood stem cells or bone marrow provided by a donor, then fly with it to another city where it would be transfused into a recipient.

The product travels so the patient or the donor doesnt have to, said Olesen, 66, of St. Paul.

Olesen is a volunteer courier for Be The Match. Based in Minneapolis, the nonprofit registry serves people diagnosed with a variety of life-threatening blood, bone marrow or immune system disorders.

Shes one of a cadre of 400 of specially trained volunteers that form a crucial, reliable and affordable link between donors and patients.

These couriers are prepared to get a call, race to the airport and reach across time zones with a perishable product that comes with a true deadline. The consequences of a delay can be devastating even lethal for a patient waiting for the unique match.

Our volunteer couriers have to work on a tight time frame. They manage the paperwork and fill out a chain of custody form to document exactly where the cooler has been. We want it in a volunteers line of sight at all times, said Rut Kessel, volunteer specialist with Be The Match. They protect it with their life because it is a life.

Only about 30% of patients who need a bone marrow or blood stem cell transplant can find a donor within their family. Be The Match provides an international database of more than 20 million to locate an unrelated donor. When such a wide net is cast, the recipient and the anonymous donor rarely live in the same city. Theyre usually in different states, regions or even countries.

Thats where couriers come in.

Many volunteers are retirees who have time and flexibility. The gig also attracts firefighters, health care workers and airline employees whose shift work creates consistent open days in their schedules. While costs for their flights, hotels and other travel expenses are covered, couriers arent paid for their time.

They also never meet or even learn the names of donors or recipients. They typically pick up a numbered product at one lab and deliver it to another.

We have strict rules about confidentiality, explained Kessel. The courier experience is detached from the people involved. Something has gone terribly wrong if a courier ever meets or even sees a donor or recipient.

But many couriers have a personal connection to Be The Match.

Someone did this for me, said Lisa Maxson, 37, an Ohioan who was diagnosed with acute myeloid leukemia in 2011. Hospitalized for months while she had chemotherapy and radiation to kill her own diseased bone marrow, the mother of three underwent a transplant to replace it with healthy donor cells.

While I was sick, I decided I would give back to the organization that saved my life, she said.

Her family now sponsors a 5K race to benefit Be The Match. And this winter, she traveled to the registrys headquarters in the North Loop to take the two-day training for volunteer couriers.

Im so excited to be a courier for my transplant brothers and sisters, she said. I know what it feels like to be afraid youre going to die.

The gift of life

Every day of the year, volunteer couriers are in the air, crisscrossing the globe with the lifesaving cargo in temperature-controlled, medical coolers tucked under their seats. Last year, couriers living in 15 America cities made more than 2,600 trips, about a quarter of them to international destinations.

Five Minneapolis-based travel agents book their flights and manage their itineraries. Like the couriers themselves, the travel agents have to be nimble and act quickly when the unexpected occurs. Theyre also on call round-the-clock to rebook trips if mechanical difficulties cancel a flight or blizzards or hurricanes snag the travel grid, said Bonnie Bagley, who supervises the agents.

Two years ago, Bagley became a volunteer courier and now uses vacation time to make deliveries.

That closed the loop for me. Now I literally see how the system that Ive had a glimpse of works for patients, she said. I understand the passion our volunteers have. Theres an adrenaline rush when youre carrying the product.

For her part, Olesen likely holds the record for the most trips, which she estimates at a hundred deliveries to every region in the United States as well as a number of foreign countries.

Couriers have to be assertive, but must also remain calm, she said. You cant get rattled when things dont go as planned.

Shes also learned how best to deal with foreign customs agents.

When you bring a product from another country into the U.S., you have to declare the product to customs. You carry a special letter but, to tell the truth, some agents dont know what theyre supposed to do. Thats where the diplomacy comes in, said Olesen. You have to help them do their job without alienating or provoking them. You learn to kill them with kindness.

In 1986, Olesen was the first employee for the organization that became Be The Match. A registered nurse, she was working with blood collection at the American Red Cross in St. Paul when it was among a consortium of blood banks that received a grant to develop the nations first bone marrow registry. She was hired to identify donors for specific patients.

She joined the few lab technicians and transplant center employees who flew donations from donor to recipient. As the registry expanded and number of patients and donors increased, Be The Match added volunteer couriers in 2004. Olesen set up volunteer and education programs, managed search operations and kept up her courier duties.

While most of her deliveries have gone off without a hitch, shes had a few near-misses, including the time when a drop-off spot in Barcelona turned out to be a dead end. She and a cabdriver bridged their language gap to figure out the correct spot and hustle across the city.

We have guidelines for tipping, but that was one time I gave a little extra out of my own pocket, Olesen recalled. He went above and beyond.

And then there was the time when she had completed her pickup in London, only to arrive at the airport as a snowstorm shut it down.

I went to the gate agent and told them I was carrying bone marrow. They declared the flight a life flight and our plane was prioritized. We took off when the first runway opened, she said. When you do this, the courier gods are always on your side.

Although Olesen retired from Be The Match two years ago, she keeps her bag packed and her passport ready so she can continue to fly as a volunteer.

Being a courier reminds me of what were about. It affirms why we do what we do every day, she said. I know that within 24 hours after I get the product to its destination, it will be transfused into the recipient. That can give a person their life back.

Kevyn Burger is a Minneapolis based freelance broadcaster and writer.

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Carry-on item for Be the Match volunteers: Organ transplants - Minneapolis Star Tribune

Bone Marrow Stem Cells Comments Off on Carry-on item for Be the Match volunteers: Organ transplants – Minneapolis Star Tribune | February 28th, 2020

TEL AVIV, Israel, Feb. 27, 2020 /PRNewswire/ -- BioLineRx Ltd. (NASDAQ: BLRX), (TASE: BLRX), a late clinical-stage biopharmaceutical company focused on oncology, announced today that a Notice of Allowance has been issued by the United States Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO) for a patent application claiming the use of motixafortide (BL-8040), a novel immunotherapy compound, combined with any PD-1 inhibitor, for the treatment of any type of cancer.

The PD-1 antagonist can be any agent that prevents and/or inhibits the biological function and/or expression of PD-1, such as pembrolizumab (KEYTRUDA). The targeted cancer can be solid, non-solid, and/or a cancer metastasis.

This patent, whenmedi issued, will be valid until July 2036 with a possibility of up to five years patent term extension. Additional corresponding patent applications are pending in Europe, Japan, China, Canada, Australia, India, Korea, Mexico, Brazil and Israel.

"We are extremely pleased to receive this valuable notice of allowance from the USPTO, which entitles us to long-term, highly enforceable and broad patent protection for our lead product, motixafortide, in combination with any PD-1 inhibitor, and more importantly, for all cancer indications, including, of course, any solid tumor," stated Philip Serlin, Chief Executive Officer of BioLineRx. "This important patent allowance also supports our ongoing Phase 2a COMBAT/KEYNOTE-202, for which we have recently completed patient recruitment in the triple combination arm investigating the safety, tolerability and efficacy of motixafortide, KEYTRUDA and chemotherapy. Following promising initial results demonstrating robust and durable responses to the triple combination treatment, we look forward to the progression-free and overall survival data from the triple combination arm expected in mid-2020."

The COMBAT/KEYNOTE-202 Study

The Phase 2a COMBAT/KEYNOTE-202 study was originally designed as an open-label, multicenter, single-arm trial to evaluate the safety and efficacy of the dual combination of motixafortideand KEYTRUDA (pembrolizumab), an anti-PD-1 therapy marketed by Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, N.J., USA (known as MSD outside the United States and Canada), in over 30 subjects with metastatic pancreatic adenocarcinoma. The study was primarily designed to evaluate the clinical response, safety and tolerability of the combination of these therapies, and was carried out in the US, Israel and additional territories. The study is being conducted by BioLineRx under a collaboration agreement signed in 2016 between BioLineRx and MSD, through a subsidiary.

In July 2018, the Company announced the expansion of its immuno-oncology collaboration with MSD to include the triple combination arm investigating the safety, tolerability and efficacy of motixafortide, KEYTRUDA and chemotherapy as part of the Phase 2a COMBAT/KEYNOTE-202 study. In January 2020, the Company announced completion of recruitment of the 40 patients planned for the triple combination arm of the study.

About Motixafortide in Cancer Immunotherapy

Motixafortideis targeting CXCR4, a chemokine receptor and a well validated therapeutic target that is over-expressed in many human cancers including PDAC. CXCR4 plays a key role in tumor growth, invasion, angiogenesis, metastasis and therapeutic resistance, and CXCR4 overexpression has been shown to be correlated with poor prognosis.

Motixafortideis a short synthetic peptide used as a platform for cancer immunotherapy with unique features allowing it to function as a best-in-class antagonist of CXCR4. It shows high-affinity, long receptor occupancy and acts as an inverse agonist.

In a number of clinical and preclinical studies, motixafortidehas been shown to affect multiple modes of action in "cold" tumors, including immune cell trafficking, tumor infiltration by immune effector T cells, and reduction in immunosuppressive cells (such as MDSCs) within the tumor niche, turning "cold" tumors, such as pancreatic cancer, "hot" (i.e., sensitizing them to immune checkpoint inhibitors and chemotherapy).

About BioLineRx

BioLineRx Ltd. (NASDAQ: BLRX), (TASE: BLRX) is a clinical-stage biopharmaceutical company focused on oncology. The Company's business model is to in-license novel compounds, develop them through clinical stages, and then partner with pharmaceutical companies for further clinical development and/or commercialization.

The Company's lead program, motixafortide, is a cancer therapy platform currently being evaluated in a Phase 2a study for the treatment of pancreatic cancer in combination with KEYTRUDA and chemotherapy under a collaboration agreement with MSD. Motixafortideis also being evaluated in a Phase 2b study in consolidation AML and a Phase 3 study in stem cell mobilization for autologous bone-marrow transplantation.

BioLineRx is developing a second oncology program, AGI-134, an immunotherapy treatment for multiple solid tumors that is currently being investigated in a Phase 1/2a study.

For additional information on BioLineRx, please visit the Company's website at http://www.biolinerx.com, where you can review the Company's SEC filings, press releases, announcements and events. BioLineRx industry updates are also regularly updated on Facebook,Twitter, and LinkedIn.

Various statements in this release concerning BioLineRx's future expectations constitute "forward-looking statements" within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. These statements include words such as "may," "expects," "anticipates," "believes," and "intends," and describe opinions about future events. These forward-looking statements involve known and unknown risks and uncertainties that may cause the actual results, performance or achievements of BioLineRx to be materially different from any future results, performance or achievements expressed or implied by such forward-looking statements. Some of these risks are: changes in relationships with collaborators; the impact of competitive products and technological changes; risks relating to the development of new products; and the ability to implement technological improvements. These and other factors are more fully discussed in the "Risk Factors" section of BioLineRx's most recent annual report on Form 20-F filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on March 28, 2019. In addition, any forward-looking statements represent BioLineRx's views only as of the date of this release and should not be relied upon as representing its views as of any subsequent date. BioLineRx does not assume any obligation to update any forward-looking statements unless required by law.

Contact:

Tim McCarthyLifeSci Advisors, LLC+1-212-915-2564tim@lifesciadvisors.com

or

Tsipi HaitovskyPublic Relations+972-52-598-9892tsipihai5@gmail.com

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SOURCE BioLineRx Ltd.

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BioLineRx Announces Notice of Allowance from USPTO for Patent Covering Motixafortide (BL-8040) in Combination With Anti-PD-1 for the Treatment of Any...

Bone Marrow Stem Cells Comments Off on BioLineRx Announces Notice of Allowance from USPTO for Patent Covering Motixafortide (BL-8040) in Combination With Anti-PD-1 for the Treatment of Any… | February 28th, 2020

Creative Medical Technology Holdings Inc (OTCMKTS: CELZD) is the new temporary ticker symbol for Creative Medical since the Company affected a 1 for 150 reverse stock split. According to the Company the reverse split of our stock was a decision that did not come lightly. In order to secure more competitive financing terms and to reduce existing convertible debt, the company needed to return to the OTCQB. As the fundamentals of the company continue to expand and commercialization is ramped up, this was determined to be necessary for the long-term benefit to the company and its shareholders. The reverse affected ALL shareholders, including founding shareholders, Officers and Directors, who have substantial holdings in CELZ stock as well said Timothy Warbington CEO.

Microcapdaily has been reporting on CELZ for years; on November 18, 2018 we stated: CELZ is an exciting stock that has attracted legions of shareholders who see big things happening here. CELZ flagship CaverStem has the only procedure to treat Erectile Dysfunction with adult stem cells in the US. CELZ has runner in its blood and a long history of huge moves skyrocketing from $0.002 in March of last year to highs topping $0.07 per share in August, CELZ loves to run and is a volume leader regularly among the top most traded on the OTCBB.

Creative Medical Technology Holdings Inc (OTCMKTS: CELZ)is a commercial-stage biotechnology company focused on Urology and Neurology using stem cell treatments. The companys team consists of leading international researchers in regenerative medicine with a science-first approach to treatments ensuring that all of its treatments are proven to be both safe and effective. CELZ is engaged in stem cell research and applications for use to treat male and female sexual dysfunction, infertility and related issues. It holds a patent for its erectile dysfunction (ED) treatment and was granted a license by Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, a non-profit biomedical research and education institute (LABIOMED), for the infertility treatment. It has also filed a patent application focused on physical manifestations of female sexual arousal disorder, as an extension of the work with stem cell therapies for ED.

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Creative Medical is currently in the commercial stage of its bone marrow based stem cell treatment for Erectile Dysfunction known as CAVERSTEM, which is being marketed both nationally, and internationally. Earlier this year the Company formed the subsidiary CaverStem International LLC for the purpose of commercializing its erectile dysfunction technology to international physicians.

In a recent update on StemSpine Thomas Ichim PhD of CELZ stated StemSpine will surely be welcomed by the over 50 million Americans suffering from CLBP in the United States as a drug free alternative. Currently, there are minimal treatment options for patients that suffer from this debilitating pain, with roughly 50% of patients progressing to opioids and surgery. I have been thrilled with the positive reception of StemSpine across all fronts as we quietly progressed the program forward over the last few months, said Timothy Warbington, President and CEO of Creative Medical Technology Holdings, Inc. I am especially energized by the positive reception from potential healthcare providers who have overwhelmingly confirmed this is a necessary and highly desirable alternative to current treatment options. We look forward to partnering with these providers and bringing this therapy to the forefront in 2020 for the benefit of the many patients that stand to benefit from it and for our shareholders as we think it will drive tremendous value for the organization.

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Currently on the move since affecting a 1 for 150 reverse CELZ is fully reporting OTCBB, has minimal cash in the treasury, $3.9 million in current liabilities and some revenues reporting $169k in sales in 2019. we stated in 2016: CELZ is an exciting Company developing in small caps; CELZ flagship CaverStem has the only procedure to treat Erectile Dysfunction with adult stem cells in the US. The erectile dysfunction market is booming! According to a recent report from ResearchAndMarkets.com, the size of the global erectile dysfunction market is expected to reach $4.25 billion by 2023. CELZ loves to run and is a volume leader regularly among the top most traded on the OTCBB.We will be updating on CELZ when more details emerge so make sure you are subscribed to Microcapdaily so you know whats going on with CELZ.

Disclosure: we hold no position in CELZ either long or short and we have not been compensated for this article.

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Creative Medical Technology Holdings Inc (OTCMKTS: CELZD) Gets the Extra D - MicroCap Daily

Bone Marrow Stem Cells Comments Off on Creative Medical Technology Holdings Inc (OTCMKTS: CELZD) Gets the Extra D – MicroCap Daily | February 28th, 2020

Feb 25, 2020 12:00 AM

Every ten minutes, someone passes away from a blood disorder. Thats 148 people a day. There is a way to prevent many of these deathsa bone marrow transplant. DNA matching has the power to help thousands of people waiting for a life-saving bone marrow donation, but this special donor list depends entirely upon the willingness of individuals to sign up. Could your unique DNA hold the match that helps one person live to see tomorrow? Heres how you can find out.

Be The Match is a global hub for bone marrow donor registry working with hundreds of partners to support the transplant community. Signing up is easy online. You provide registration information, receive a kit in the mail, use the DNA swab as directed, and send it back for DNA typing. Your potentially life-saving information is secure and becomes available to specialized doctors around the world.

Even if you arent a match right away, the fact that every three minutes a person is diagnosed with a blood disorder means you could be called at any time to be a hero in someones time of need. Paloma Cariello, MD, MPH, says, Its absolutely a life-saving procedure. Its a new life that people getwe call it a new birthday, and at many hospitals they give it as a new birthday date in their chart. We sing Happy Birthday. Its a big event.

To find a close enough match to help fortify a patients immune system, doctors have to be precise. They first reach out to family, but even then, only 30% of patients find a good match. The odds of finding a match in an unrelated donor can be as low as 18%, especially with minorities.

The need for more individuals of every background cannot be overstated, says University of Utah Health Hematologist Sagar Patel, MD. He emphasizes the need for ethnic minorities to register. Every ethnicity is represented in the pool of patients, so the donor pool likewise needs to be diversified to improve the availability of similar DNA typing.

If a doctor finds you to be a suitable match, they select the ideal method for their patient and prepare you for donation. There are two donation methods: peripheral blood stem cell (PBSC) donation and bone marrow donation. Because every donor is carefully screened and prepared, and because a small amount of fluid is ultimately needed, neither procedure method impacts the performance of your own immune system, says Cariello.

With PBSC retrieval, you receive a stimulant for five days to increase the presence of blood-forming cells in your blood stream. Then a refined process of extraction occurs: Your blood is drawn, a machine collects just the cells the patient needs, and your remaining fluids are safely returned to you. This process can usually be done in one eight-hour session. Most donors report a full recovery within a week to 10 days, but you will be followed-up with until your full recovery.

If the doctor determines that the patient needs bone marrow, your procedure is a bit different. Marrow needs to be drawn from your pelvic bones. It happens in a hospital and under anesthesia, and you will feel no pain as the donation is collected. You can go back to routine activity the same day, and your system fully replenishes within four to six weeks.

Even with thousands of people in need, only about one in 430 donors in the Be The Match system are called in as a match. And the simple processes and expert professional care you receive minimize potential risk. A common side effect is bruising at the procedure sites, and some donors occasionally experience mild pain, fatigue, or dizziness. Reactions related to the use of anesthesia might also occur.

With such little risk, it shouldnt be a question as to whether you sign up, but when. And today is a perfect day. The low odds of finding a cure that these patients face are as extreme as the high rewards that await themand youwhen you make the choice to become a donor. Visit BeTheMatch.org to learn more and to become the one who initiates the miraculous call: We found a match.

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Be a Bone Marrow Hero - University of Utah Health Care

Bone Marrow Stem Cells Comments Off on Be a Bone Marrow Hero – University of Utah Health Care | February 26th, 2020

CHICAGO About 54 million Americans suffer from the aches and pains of arthritis.

Treatments range from pain medications to injections to surgery.

None of it seemed to work for 77-year-old Marty Ciesielczyk.

And it jeopardized something he loved: jogging.

"For me, it's just enjoyable, and if you're not a runner, then you would have no idea what I'm talking about."

But Marty's active lifestyle was in jeopardy when knee pain took over.

"When you got to lay on the floor to get dressed, it's tough."

It happens when there's a loss of cartilage in the joint.

"It's like a tire, and as you slowly lose rubber on the tire, it wears away," explained Dr. Adam Yanke, a surgeon with Midwest Orthopaedics at Rush University.

"You might need to have the tire replaced at some point."

Marty's arthritis was too advanced for a scope procedure but not bad enough for a joint replacement.

So he enrolled in a study testing whether amniotic fluid, which surrounds a growing baby in the uterus, could help his pain.

"Amniotic products come from patients that are having healthy, elective C-sections, and they choose to donate these products at the time of the delivery," said Dr. Yanke.

It's thought to increase tissue healing and lower inflammation.

Doctor-diagnosed arthritisis more common in womenthan in men. Arthritis and other joint disorders are among the five most costly conditions among adults 18 and older.

Your bone marrow makes mesenchymal stem cells, or MSCs. They are known to grow into new tissues, including cartilage.

By gathering these cells and injecting them into the knee joint, the hope is that they will give growth to new cartilage and reduce inflammation.

Marty received a placebo during the study, but then chose to have the amniotic fluid when the study ended.

"I mean I didn't care if it was Pixie dust, as long as my knee was going to feel better."

He went from not being able to get dressed to jogging about a week after having the injection.

"This morning, I ran three, three miles, and I had no problem at all."

Amniotic fluid is also being used to treat ulcers in the eye.

Rush University will be enrolling patients for a larger follow-up study on amniotic fluid for joint pain in the future.

Clinical trialsare still going on and most studies are still early.

A review published in 2016 in BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders concluded that MSC-based therapies offer an "exciting possibility" for treatment, but further studies need to be done on how they can best be used and how well they work.

They are also known to be very expensive.

If this story has impacted your life or prompted you or someone you know to seek or change treatments, please let us know by contacting Jim Mertens atjim.mertens@wqad.comor Marjorie Bekaert Thomas atmthomas@ivanhoe.com.

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YOUR HEALTH: Knee relief can be found in the womb - WQAD.com

Bone Marrow Stem Cells Comments Off on YOUR HEALTH: Knee relief can be found in the womb – WQAD.com | February 26th, 2020

NEW YORK, Feb. 24, 2020 (GLOBE NEWSWIRE) -- Mesoblast Limited (Nasdaq:MESO; ASX:MSB) today announced that aggregated results from 309 children treated with Ryoncil (remestemcel-L) were presented atthe American Society for Transplantation Cellular Therapy and the Center for International Blood & Bone Marrow Transplant Research (TCT) meeting in Orlando, Florida on February 22. The data showed that treatment with RYONCIL across three separate trials resulted inconsistent treatment responses and survival outcomesinchildren with steroid-refractory acute graft versus host disease (SR-aGVHD).

Key findings and conclusions were:

Mesoblast Chief Medical Officer Dr Fred Grossman said: These aggregated data from three studies demonstrate consistent efficacy and safety of RYONCIL in children suffering from steroid refractory acute graft versus host disease. If approved, RYONCIL has the potential to be an effective and safe therapy to improve survival outcomes in the most vulnerable population of children with severe forms of this disease who can have mortality rates as high as 90 percent.

In January, Mesoblast filed a Biologics License Application (BLA) to the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for RYONCIL for the treatment of children with steroid-refractory aGVHD. The Company has requested Priority Review of the BLA by the FDA under the product candidates existing Fast Track designation. If approved, RYONCIL is expected to be launched in the US in 2020.

About Acute GVHDAcute GVHD occurs in approximately 50% of patients who receive an allogeneic bone marrow transplant (BMT). Over 30,000 patients worldwide undergo an allogeneic BMT annually, primarily during treatment for blood cancers, and these numbers are increasing.1 In patients with the most severe form of acute GVHD (Grade C/D or III/IV) mortality is as high as 90% despite optimal institutional standard of care.2,3. There are currently no FDA-approved treatments in the US for children under 12 with SR-aGVHD.

About Ryoncil Mesoblasts lead product candidate, RYONCIL, is an investigational therapy comprising culture- expanded mesenchymal stem cells derived from the bone marrow of an unrelated donor. It is administered to patients in a series of intravenous infusions. RYONCIL is believed to have immunomodulatory properties to counteract the inflammatory processes that are implicated in SR- aGVHD by down-regulating the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, increasing production of anti-inflammatory cytokines, and enabling recruitment of naturally occurring anti-inflammatory cells to involved tissues.

References1. Niederwieser D, Baldomero H, Szer J. (2016) Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation activity worldwide in 2012 and a SWOT analysis of the Worldwide Network for Blood and Marrow Transplantation Group including the global survey.2. Westin, J., Saliba, RM., Lima, M. (2011) Steroid-refractory acute GVHD: predictors and outcomes. Advances in Hematology.3. Axt L, Naumann A, Toennies J (2019) Retrospective single center analysis of outcome, risk factors and therapy in steroid refractory graft-versus-host disease after allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation. Bone Marrow Transplantation.

About MesoblastMesoblast Limited (Nasdaq: MESO; ASX: MSB) is a world leader in developing allogeneic (off-the-shelf) cellular medicines. The Company has leveraged its proprietary mesenchymal lineage cell therapy technology platforms to establish a broad portfolio of commercial products and late-stage product candidates. Mesoblasts proprietary manufacturing process yields industrial-scale, cryopreserved, off-the-shelf, cellular medicines. These cell therapies, with defined pharmaceutical release criteria, are planned to be readily available to patients worldwide.

Mesoblast has filed a Biologics License Application to the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) to seek approval of its product candidate Ryoncil (remestemcel-L) for steroid-refractory acute graft versus host disease (acute GvHD). Remestemcel-L is also being developed for other rare diseases. Mesoblast is completing Phase 3 trials for its rexlemestrocel product candidates for advanced heart failure and chronic low back pain. If approved, RYONCIL is expected to be launched in the United States in 2020 for pediatric steroid-refractory acute GVHD. Two products have been commercialized in Japan and Europe by Mesoblasts licensees, and the Company has established commercial partnerships in Europe and China for certain Phase 3 assets.

Story continues

Mesoblast has locations in Australia, the United States and Singapore and is listed on the Australian Securities Exchange (MSB) and on the Nasdaq (MESO). For more information, please see http://www.mesoblast.com, LinkedIn: Mesoblast Limited and Twitter: @Mesoblast

Mesoblasts Forward-Looking StatementsThis announcement includes forward-looking statements that relate to future events or our future financial performance and involve known and unknown risks, uncertainties and other factors that may cause our actual results, levels of activity, performance or achievements to differ materially from any future results, levels of activity, performance or achievements expressed or implied by these forward-looking statements. We make such forward-looking statements pursuant to the safe harbor provisions of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995 and other federal securities laws. Forward-looking statements should not be read as a guarantee of future performance or results, and actual results may differ from the results anticipated in these forward-looking statements, and the differences may be material and adverse. Forward-looking statements include, but are not limited to, statements about the timing, progress and results of Mesoblasts preclinical and clinical studies; Mesoblasts ability to advance product candidates into, enroll and successfully complete, clinical studies; the timing or likelihood of regulatory filings and approvals; and the pricing and reimbursement of Mesoblasts product candidates, if approved. You should read this press release together with our risk factors, in our most recently filed reports with the SEC or on our website. Uncertainties and risks that may cause Mesoblasts actual results, performance or achievements to be materially different from those which may be expressed or implied by such statements, and accordingly, you should not place undue reliance on these forward-looking statements. We do not undertake any obligations to publicly update or revise any forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future developments or otherwise.

Release authorized by the Chief Executive.

Original post:
Consistent Outcomes Using Ryoncil as First-Line Treatment or Salvage Therapy in 309 Children With Steroid-Refractory Acute GVHD - Yahoo Finance

Bone Marrow Stem Cells Comments Off on Consistent Outcomes Using Ryoncil as First-Line Treatment or Salvage Therapy in 309 Children With Steroid-Refractory Acute GVHD – Yahoo Finance | February 26th, 2020

Stem Cell Therapy Market: Snapshot

Of late, there has been an increasing awareness regarding the therapeutic potential of stem cells for management of diseases which is boosting the growth of the stem cell therapy market. The development of advanced genome based cell analysis techniques, identification of new stem cell lines, increasing investments in research and development as well as infrastructure development for the processing and banking of stem cell are encouraging the growth of the global stem cell therapy market.

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One of the key factors boosting the growth of this market is the limitations of traditional organ transplantation such as the risk of infection, rejection, and immunosuppression risk. Another drawback of conventional organ transplantation is that doctors have to depend on organ donors completely. All these issues can be eliminated, by the application of stem cell therapy. Another factor which is helping the growth in this market is the growing pipeline and development of drugs for emerging applications. Increased research studies aiming to widen the scope of stem cell will also fuel the growth of the market. Scientists are constantly engaged in trying to find out novel methods for creating human stem cells in response to the growing demand for stem cell production to be used for disease management.

It is estimated that the dermatology application will contribute significantly the growth of the global stem cell therapy market. This is because stem cell therapy can help decrease the after effects of general treatments for burns such as infections, scars, and adhesion. The increasing number of patients suffering from diabetes and growing cases of trauma surgery will fuel the adoption of stem cell therapy in the dermatology segment.

Global Stem Cell Therapy Market: Overview

Also called regenerative medicine, stem cell therapy encourages the reparative response of damaged, diseased, or dysfunctional tissue via the use of stem cells and their derivatives. Replacing the practice of organ transplantations, stem cell therapies have eliminated the dependence on availability of donors. Bone marrow transplant is perhaps the most commonly employed stem cell therapy.

Osteoarthritis, cerebral palsy, heart failure, multiple sclerosis and even hearing loss could be treated using stem cell therapies. Doctors have successfully performed stem cell transplants that significantly aid patients fight cancers such as leukemia and other blood-related diseases.

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Global Stem Cell Therapy Market: Key Trends

The key factors influencing the growth of the global stem cell therapy market are increasing funds in the development of new stem lines, the advent of advanced genomic procedures used in stem cell analysis, and greater emphasis on human embryonic stem cells. As the traditional organ transplantations are associated with limitations such as infection, rejection, and immunosuppression along with high reliance on organ donors, the demand for stem cell therapy is likely to soar. The growing deployment of stem cells in the treatment of wounds and damaged skin, scarring, and grafts is another prominent catalyst of the market.

On the contrary, inadequate infrastructural facilities coupled with ethical issues related to embryonic stem cells might impede the growth of the market. However, the ongoing research for the manipulation of stem cells from cord blood cells, bone marrow, and skin for the treatment of ailments including cardiovascular and diabetes will open up new doors for the advancement of the market.

Global Stem Cell Therapy Market: Competitive Analysis

Several firms are adopting strategies such as mergers and acquisitions, collaborations, and partnerships, apart from product development with a view to attain a strong foothold in the global market for stem cell therapy.

Some of the major companies operating in the global market for stem cell therapy are RTI Surgical, Inc., MEDIPOST Co., Ltd., Osiris Therapeutics, Inc., NuVasive, Inc., Pharmicell Co., Ltd., Anterogen Co., Ltd., JCR Pharmaceuticals Co., Ltd., and Holostem Terapie Avanzate S.r.l.

Global Stem Cell Therapy Market: Market Potential

A number of new studies, research projects, and development of novel therapies have come forth in the global market for stem cell therapy. Several of these treatments are in the pipeline, while many others have received approvals by regulatory bodies.

In March 2017, Belgian biotech company TiGenix announced that its cardiac stem cell therapy, AlloCSC-01 has successfully reached its phase I/II with positive results. Subsequently, it has been approved by the U.S. FDA. If this therapy is well- received by the market, nearly 1.9 million AMI patients could be treated through this stem cell therapy.

Another significant development is the granting of a patent to Israel-based Kadimastem Ltd. for its novel stem-cell based technology to be used in the treatment of multiple sclerosis (MS) and other similar conditions of the nervous system. The companys technology used for producing supporting cells in the central nervous system, taken from human stem cells such as myelin-producing cells is also covered in the patent.

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Global Stem Cell Therapy Market: Regional Outlook

The global market for stem cell therapy can be segmented into Asia Pacific, North America, Latin America, Europe, and the Middle East and Africa. North America emerged as the leading regional market, triggered by the rising incidence of chronic health conditions and government support. Europe also displays significant growth potential, as the benefits of this therapy are increasingly acknowledged.

Asia Pacific is slated for maximum growth, thanks to the massive patient pool, bulk of investments in stem cell therapy projects, and the increasing recognition of growth opportunities in countries such as China, Japan, and India by the leading market players.

Excerpt from:
Stem Cell Therapy Market Scope and Opportunities Analysis 2017 2025 - Instant Tech News

Bone Marrow Stem Cells Comments Off on Stem Cell Therapy Market Scope and Opportunities Analysis 2017 2025 – Instant Tech News | February 25th, 2020

Lance was diagnosed with cerebral palsy a year ago. His family hopes non-FDA approved stem cell treatment for the disease can help him walk and talk.

CAMP HILL, Pa. A family in Cumberland County has turned to stem cells to treat their two-year-old son diagnosed with cerebral palsy. The only problem: stem cell treatment for the disease hasn't been approved by the FDA.

The day he was born, when he wheeled him down the hall and he was only a pound, and I started to cry and said, will he live? And he said, of course Hes only small," said Danielle Maxwell, Lance's mom.

The words, "he's only small," are what Lance's mom and father Rob have lived by since the day he was born. The preemie, born three months early, has been through several surgeries and complications along the way. But, Lance has always been a fighter.

Lance fought so hard just to survive the beginning of life, and come home with us," said Danielle. "And he is just so happy and loving and amazing.

About a year ago, Lance was diagnosed with cerebral palsy. Doctors told his family, he will never walk, talk or take care of himself.

We just dont believe that," said Danielle. "We dont.

Lance receives a lot of different therapies but, his parents did not want to just stop there.

We both overwhelmingly feel, he never gave up, he never gave up on us, he never gave up on himself," said Rob. "So, we owe it to him to give him the opportunity. Its really that simple, he deserves the opportunity."

Danielle began researching stem cell therapies, even speaking to doctors in countries overseas where treatment with stem cells is more readily accessible than in the U.S. The FDA has approved stem cell treatments for some conditions but not cerebral palsy. However, trials to determine the effectiveness of stem cell treatment for the disease are underway.

What weve seen is a small but real appearing improvement in motor function," said Doctor Charles Cox with University of Texas Health in Houston, began a trial in 2013 on the safety and effectiveness of banked cord blood or bone marrow stem cells in children with cerebral palsy, and is now just wrapping up the results from the trial.

The overall results of this study depend if youre a glass half full or half empty kind of person," said Dr. Cox. "It is not a compelling miraculous result. Its not, Oh my God, this child was treated and look at this profound benefit.'"

Because stem cell treatment for cerebral palsy is still in trial phases, it's not approved treatment by the FDA. However, the Maxwells did find a doctor in Harrisburg willing to transfer stem cells from a full-term baby's umbilical cord to Lance. But, since it isn't FDA approved, we were not allowed to be there to show Lance receiving the stem cells. The Maxwells are hopeful following this procedure Lance may someday walk and more importantly be able to communicate with them.

He wants to be involved," said Rob. "You can tell hes trying to communicate he just cant get over that hump. We believe stem cells could be that bridge to help him move a little faster.

Danielle says, it will take about six months to see if the stem cells will have any definitive benefits for Lance. But, already says she's seeing progress. She says Lance is not able to stand on his own.

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Cumberland County family turns to non-FDA approved stem cell treatment to help two-year-old son with cerebral palsy - FOX43.com

Bone Marrow Stem Cells Comments Off on Cumberland County family turns to non-FDA approved stem cell treatment to help two-year-old son with cerebral palsy – FOX43.com | February 25th, 2020

NEW YORK, Feb. 24, 2020 (GLOBE NEWSWIRE) -- Mesoblast Limited (Nasdaq:MESO; ASX:MSB) today announced that aggregated results from 309 children treated with Ryoncil (remestemcel-L) were presented atthe American Society for Transplantation Cellular Therapy and the Center for International Blood & Bone Marrow Transplant Research (TCT) meeting in Orlando, Florida on February 22. The data showed that treatment with RYONCIL across three separate trials resulted inconsistent treatment responses and survival outcomesinchildren with steroid-refractory acute graft versus host disease (SR-aGVHD).

Key findings and conclusions were:

Mesoblast Chief Medical Officer Dr Fred Grossman said: These aggregated data from three studies demonstrate consistent efficacy and safety of RYONCIL in children suffering from steroid refractory acute graft versus host disease. If approved, RYONCIL has the potential to be an effective and safe therapy to improve survival outcomes in the most vulnerable population of children with severe forms of this disease who can have mortality rates as high as 90 percent.

In January, Mesoblast filed a Biologics License Application (BLA) to the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for RYONCIL for the treatment of children with steroid-refractory aGVHD. The Company has requested Priority Review of the BLA by the FDA under the product candidates existing Fast Track designation. If approved, RYONCIL is expected to be launched in the US in 2020.

About Acute GVHDAcute GVHD occurs in approximately 50% of patients who receive an allogeneic bone marrow transplant (BMT). Over 30,000 patients worldwide undergo an allogeneic BMT annually, primarily during treatment for blood cancers, and these numbers are increasing.1 In patients with the most severe form of acute GVHD (Grade C/D or III/IV) mortality is as high as 90% despite optimal institutional standard of care.2,3. There are currently no FDA-approved treatments in the US for children under 12 with SR-aGVHD.

About Ryoncil Mesoblasts lead product candidate, RYONCIL, is an investigational therapy comprising culture- expanded mesenchymal stem cells derived from the bone marrow of an unrelated donor. It is administered to patients in a series of intravenous infusions. RYONCIL is believed to have immunomodulatory properties to counteract the inflammatory processes that are implicated in SR- aGVHD by down-regulating the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, increasing production of anti-inflammatory cytokines, and enabling recruitment of naturally occurring anti-inflammatory cells to involved tissues.

References1. Niederwieser D, Baldomero H, Szer J. (2016) Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation activity worldwide in 2012 and a SWOT analysis of the Worldwide Network for Blood and Marrow Transplantation Group including the global survey.2. Westin, J., Saliba, RM., Lima, M. (2011) Steroid-refractory acute GVHD: predictors and outcomes. Advances in Hematology.3. Axt L, Naumann A, Toennies J (2019) Retrospective single center analysis of outcome, risk factors and therapy in steroid refractory graft-versus-host disease after allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation. Bone Marrow Transplantation.

About MesoblastMesoblast Limited (Nasdaq: MESO; ASX: MSB) is a world leader in developing allogeneic (off-the-shelf) cellular medicines. The Company has leveraged its proprietary mesenchymal lineage cell therapy technology platforms to establish a broad portfolio of commercial products and late-stage product candidates. Mesoblasts proprietary manufacturing process yields industrial-scale, cryopreserved, off-the-shelf, cellular medicines. These cell therapies, with defined pharmaceutical release criteria, are planned to be readily available to patients worldwide.

Mesoblast has filed a Biologics License Application to the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) to seek approval of its product candidate Ryoncil (remestemcel-L) for steroid-refractory acute graft versus host disease (acute GvHD). Remestemcel-L is also being developed for other rare diseases. Mesoblast is completing Phase 3 trials for its rexlemestrocel product candidates for advanced heart failure and chronic low back pain. If approved, RYONCIL is expected to be launched in the United States in 2020 for pediatric steroid-refractory acute GVHD. Two products have been commercialized in Japan and Europe by Mesoblasts licensees, and the Company has established commercial partnerships in Europe and China for certain Phase 3 assets.

Mesoblast has locations in Australia, the United States and Singapore and is listed on the Australian Securities Exchange (MSB) and on the Nasdaq (MESO). For more information, please see http://www.mesoblast.com, LinkedIn: Mesoblast Limited and Twitter: @Mesoblast

Mesoblasts Forward-Looking StatementsThis announcement includes forward-looking statements that relate to future events or our future financial performance and involve known and unknown risks, uncertainties and other factors that may cause our actual results, levels of activity, performance or achievements to differ materially from any future results, levels of activity, performance or achievements expressed or implied by these forward-looking statements. We make such forward-looking statements pursuant to the safe harbor provisions of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995 and other federal securities laws. Forward-looking statements should not be read as a guarantee of future performance or results, and actual results may differ from the results anticipated in these forward-looking statements, and the differences may be material and adverse. Forward-looking statements include, but are not limited to, statements about the timing, progress and results of Mesoblasts preclinical and clinical studies; Mesoblasts ability to advance product candidates into, enroll and successfully complete, clinical studies; the timing or likelihood of regulatory filings and approvals; and the pricing and reimbursement of Mesoblasts product candidates, if approved. You should read this press release together with our risk factors, in our most recently filed reports with the SEC or on our website. Uncertainties and risks that may cause Mesoblasts actual results, performance or achievements to be materially different from those which may be expressed or implied by such statements, and accordingly, you should not place undue reliance on these forward-looking statements. We do not undertake any obligations to publicly update or revise any forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future developments or otherwise.

Release authorized by the Chief Executive.

See more here:
Consistent Outcomes Using Ryoncil as First-Line Treatment or Salvage Therapy in 309 Children With Steroid-Refractory Acute GVHD - BioSpace

Bone Marrow Stem Cells Comments Off on Consistent Outcomes Using Ryoncil as First-Line Treatment or Salvage Therapy in 309 Children With Steroid-Refractory Acute GVHD – BioSpace | February 25th, 2020

Its not just Wolverine that has the ability to rebuild and restore wounded tissue. In fact, we all have a quite remarkable capacity to heal when we suffer an injury, thanks to our ability to produce new stem cells. Obviously, there is a limit to how much damage our bodies can repair, although researchers may have just discovered a way to enhance our powers of restoration by increasing the rate at which these stem cells are generated.

A new study in the journal Regenerative Medicine describes how scientists were able to stimulate the self-repair response of rats in order to rebuild broken spines. Healing similar injuries in humans is currently not possible, and the study authors are hopeful that their technique could one day help people recover from a range of previously untreatable injuries.

Rats in the study were given a cocktail of two drugs, one of which is normally administered during bone marrow transplants while the other is used for bladder control. This caused the rats bone marrow to produce an elevated number of mesenchymal stem cells, which are stem cells that can develop into bone tissue.

As a consequence, enhanced calcium binding was seen at the site of the rats spinal injuries, speeding up the formation of new bone and healing the wounds.

The figure on the right shows the level of healing with no treatment, while the figure on the left shows the effect of the two drugs in combination. The red coloring indicates calcium incorporating into the bone, which is associated with enhanced healing. Image: Imperial College London

We know that when bones break they will heal, and this requires the activation of stem cells in the bone, explained study co-author Sara Rankin in a statement. However, when the damage is severe, there are limits to what the body can do of its own accord.

We hope that by using these existing medications to mobilize stem cells, as we were able to do in rats in our new study, we could potentially call up extra numbers of these stem cells, in order to boost our bodies own ability to mend itself and accelerate the repair process.

Because the drugs involved are already widely used, the researchers are hopeful that human trials can proceed without the need for extensive safety testing. If these trials produce the same results as those seen in rats, then this treatment could help to not only repair spinal injuries, but to speed up the rate at which broken bones heal and even mend damaged tissues in other organs.

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Scientists May Have Found A Way To Boost The Body's Ability To Heal Itself - IFLScience

Bone Marrow Stem Cells Comments Off on Scientists May Have Found A Way To Boost The Body’s Ability To Heal Itself – IFLScience | February 25th, 2020

Treatment for sickle cell disease has come a long way since the 1970s when the life expectancy of people living with it was less than 20 years.

People with sickle cell disease are not only living longer life expectancy is now 42 to 47 years of age but are enjoying a better quality of life, too.

"In the Philadelphia area, there has been great pediatric care for sickle cells disease and because of that people who have it are living very well," said Dr. Farzana Sayani, a hematologist at Penn Medicine.

Sayani is the director of a comprehensive sickle cell program focusing on adults living with the disease. Penn also has an active transition program for youth transitioning from a pediatric institution to adult care.

Sickle cell disease is an inherited red blood cell disorder that affects about 100,000 Americans.It is most often found in people of African or Hispanic descent.About 1 in 365 African-American babies are born with sickle cell disease, according to Sayani.

People who have the disease inherit an abnormal type of hemoglobin in their red blood cells, called Hemoglobin S, from both their mother and father.When only one parent has the hemoglobin S gene, a child will have the sickle cell trait, but usually does not develop the disease. But they may pass it on to their children.

Hemoglobin is the protein in the blood responsible for carrying oxygen to the rest of the body. Hemoglobin S causes red blood cells to become stiff and sickle-shaped. Instead of being round in shape, they look like crescent moons.

Sickle cells are sticky and can bind together, blocking the flow of blood and preventing oxygen from getting where it needs to go in the body. This causes sudden attacks of pain referred to as a pain crisis.

There are severaldifferent types of sickle cell disease.Hemoglobin SS, also known as sickle cell anemia, is the most common and most severe type of sickle cell disease.

Anemia occurs when red blood cells die at a rate faster than the body can replace them. Normal red blood cells generally live for 90 to 120 days. Sickled cells only live for 10 to 20 days. This shorter life-to-death cycle is harder for the body to sustain.

Another form,Hemoglobin SC, is not as severe as sickle cell anemia, but it can still cause significant complications, Sayani said.Other forms include Hemoglobin S0 thalassemia, Hemoglobin S+ thalassemia, Hemoglobin SD and Hemoglobin SE.

Sickle cell disease screening is a mandatory part of newborn screenings in Pennsylvania.

If the screening is positive, the family is informed and plugged into the health care system in order to receive the proper care.

If the disease is not diagnosed at birth, a blood test can confirm it at any age in which symptoms start to surface.

The severity of sickle cell disease can vary.

Each individual is affected differently, making it difficult to predict who will get what complications, Sayani said. That is why a comprehensive sickle cell program is so important.

Early signs include a yellowish tint to the skin or jaundice, fatigue and a painful swelling of the hands and feet.

"Young children with sickle cell disease may be tired, not eat very well and have delayed growth," Sayani said. "They may also develop anemia, be at greater risk of infection and start to experience pain crises."

Acute pain crises, also known as vaso-occlusive crises, can lead to long stays in the hospital to manage the crippling pain. Children with sickle cell disease also tend to experience delayed growth and puberty.

As a person with sickle cell disease grows older, the sickled red blood cells start to affect various organs, bones and joints.

This can lead to acute chest syndrome, which occurs when damaged lung tissues makes it difficult to breathe. Brain complications, including stroke, are possible.People with sickle cell disease are also prone to heart damage, eye problems, and infections like chlamydia, salmonella and staphylococcus. Chronic and acute pain is common.

There are different types of medicine that can help manage sickle cell disease.

Last year, an oral medicine was approved that makes sickle cells less likely to sickle. So was an intravenous medicine that has been shown to reduce pain crises and hospitalizations by 50%. Some people living with sickle cell disease also may need regular blood transfusions.

Hydroxyurea has also been used successfully for many years to reduce pain crises and the need for blood transfusions and hospitalizations.

Currently, blood and bone marrow transplant is the only way to cure the disease. But it is not an option for everyone because of the difficulty of finding a well-matched stem cell donor.

A related donor is best but only about a third of sickle cell patients have a donor that is related and fully-matched, Sayani said.

While these transplants have a 85% or more success rate, they also are associated with significant risks, including organ dysfunction, infection and graft vs. host disease which can be quite debilitating.

Transplants completed in children have the best results, Sayani said. But because of the risks involved, doctors only suggest it for patients with severe forms of the disease.

Early clinical trials with gene therapy are also showing promise, she added.

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New sickle cell disease treatments are helping people live longer and giving them a higher quality of life - PhillyVoice.com

Bone Marrow Stem Cells Comments Off on New sickle cell disease treatments are helping people live longer and giving them a higher quality of life – PhillyVoice.com | February 25th, 2020

A new proof-of-concept study has found a combination of two drugs, already approved by the FDA for other uses, may boost the release of stem cells from bone marrow and accelerate the healing of broken bones. Only demonstrated in animals at this stage, the researchers suggest clinical trials could progress rapidly considering the drugs have already been demonstrated as safe in humans.

"The body repairs itself all the time, says corresponding author on the study Sara Rankin. We know that when bones break they will heal, and this requires the activation of stem cells in the bone. However, when the damage is severe, there are limits to what the body can do of its own accord.

A great deal of current research is focusing on mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) therapies. MSCs are a type of adult stem cell that can grow into a variety of different cell types including muscle, fat or bone. Many current MSC treatments in development involve extracting a small number from a patient, growing them in laboratory conditions, then injecting them back into the patient.

The new research set out to investigate whether any currently approved drugs can function to mobilize the bodys natural ability in releasing MSCs, with a view on speeding up healing of bone fractures. A study published in the journal npj Regenerative Medicine, describes the testing of two already approved drugs in a rodent spinal injury model.

The two drugs tested were an immunostimulant called Plerixafor, used to stimulate the release of stem cells from bone marrow in cancer patients, and a beta-3 adrenergic agonist developed to help bladder control.

The results suggest the duo of drugs mobilize MSCs into the bloodstream and speed up the process of bone formation and healing by enhancing the binding of calcium to the injury site. Tariq Fellous, first author on the new study, suggests the next step is to investigate whether this drug combination enhances blood MSC levels in human subjects.

We first need to see if these medications release the stem cells in healthy volunteers, before we can then test them in patients with fractures, says Fellous. We have the drugs and know they are safe to use in humans - we just need the funding for the human trials.

The researchers say prior studies have identified circulating MSCs increase in volume following injuries such as burns, bone fractures, and even heart attack. The hypothesis is that the release of MSCs is a physiological process aiding general regeneration following injury, and if circulating numbers of MSCs could be pharmacologically enhanced then a variety of types of tissue regeneration could be accelerated.

It is important to note the current study only examined increases in circulating MSCs and the rate of spine injury healing compared to no drug treatment. The current research offers no indication whether the drug duo influences nerve healing or restores movement.

So, more work is certainly necessary to understand how clinically useful these results actually are. However, as the studys co-first author Andia Redpath notes, this re-purposing of existing medicines to boost stem cell activity is an easier, cheaper, and more efficient way to enhance healing compared to other, more complex and time-consuming, stem cell treatments in development.

Rather than devising new stem cell treatments from scratch that involve lengthy and expensive trials, our approach harnesses the power of the bodys own stem cells, using existing drugs, says Redpath. We already know the treatments in our study are safe, its now just a matter of exploring further if they help our bodies heal.

The new study was published in the journal npj Regenerative Medicine.

Source: Imperial College London

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Experimental study speeds up bone healing with 2 common medications - New Atlas

Bone Marrow Stem Cells Comments Off on Experimental study speeds up bone healing with 2 common medications – New Atlas | February 24th, 2020

A combination of two commonly available drugs may help the body heal spinal fractures.

Scientists have discovered a combination of two commonly available drugs that could help the body heal spinal fractures.

The early-stage research in rats, by a group of scientists led by Imperial College London, revealed two existing medications can boost the bodys own repair machinery, by triggering the release of stem cells from the bone marrow.

The scientists published their research in the journalnpj Regenerative Medicine.

The team says the two drugs (currently used for bone marrow transplants and bladder control) could be used for different types of bone fractures, including to the spine, hip, and leg, to aid healing after surgery or fractures.

When a person has a disease or an injury, the bone marrow (the spongy tissue within bone) mobilizes different types of stem cells to help repair and regenerate tissue.

This image shows repair of the spine three weeks after surgery. The image on the left is with no drug treatment, with the image on the right (b3+AMD3100) showing the effect of the two drug treatments. The red colour indicates calcium incorporating into the bone, which is associated with enhanced healing. Credit: Imperial College London/Beaumont Health

The new research, involving scientists from Beaumont Health in the U.S, suggests it may be possible to boost the bodys ability to repair itself and speed repair, by using new drug combinations to put the bone marrow into a state of red alert and send specific kinds of stem cells into action.

In the new study, funded by Wellcome, the researchers used drugs to trigger the bone marrow of healthy rats to release mesenchymal stem cells, a type of adult stem cell that can turn into bone, and help repair bone fractures.

Professor Sara Rankin, corresponding author of the study from the National Heart and Lung Institute at Imperial College London, said: The body repairs itself all the time. We know that when bones break they will heal, and this requires the activation of stem cells in the bone. However, when the damage is severe, there are limits to what the body can do of its own accord. We hope that by using these existing medications to mobilize stem cells, as we were able to do in rats in our new study, we could potentially call up extra numbers of these stem cells, in order to boost our bodies own ability to mend itself and accelerate the repair process. Further down the line, our work could lead to new treatments to repair all types of bone fracture.

The two treatments used in the research were a CXCR4 antagonist, used for bone marrow transplants, and a beta-3 adrenergic agonist, that is used for bladder control.

The rats were given a single treatment with the two drugs, which triggered enhanced binding of calcium to the site of bone injury, speeding bone formation and healing.

The researchers stress they did not analyze restoration of movement in the bone, or repair to additional tissue such as nerves.

One of the drugs used in the study was found to trigger fat cells in the bone marrow to release endocannabinoids, which suggests they may have a role in mobilizing the stem cells and thereby promoting healing. However, the researchers add that phytocannabinoids (such as cannabis) would not have the same effect, as they act on the brain rather than the bone marrow.

The researchers say the drug combinations now need to be tested in humans.

Dr. Tariq Fellous, first author of the research from Imperials National Heart and Lung Institute (NHLI) said: We first need to see if these medications release the stem cells in healthy volunteers, before we can then test them in patients with fractures. We have the drugs and know they are safe to use in humans we just need the funding for the human trials.

Dr. Andia Redpath, co-first author from the NHLI, added that repurposing existing medications that help the body heal itself so called Regenerative Pharmacology could have great potential as an efficient and cost-effective approach for a range of diseases. Rather than devising new stem cell treatments from scratch that involve lengthy and expensive trials, our approach harnesses the power of the bodys own stem cells, using existing drugs. We already know the treatments in our study are safe, its now just a matter of exploring further if they help our bodies heal.

This work was funded by Wellcome. Further support was provided by the National Heart and Lung Institute Foundation and the Lumbar Spine Research Society.

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New hope for the healing of spinal column injuries with generally available drugs - The Washington Newsday

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DEFINITIONLeukemia is a Cancer of blood forming tissues including bone marrow and the lymphatic system.This type of cancer hinders the body's ability to fight infection, leukemia involves the white blood cells.

CAUSES OF LEUKEMIALeukemia can develop due to a problem with blood cell production.

Several factors have been identified which increase the risk of having the cancer:

A family history of leukemiaSmokingGenetic disorder such as Down syndromeExposure to chemicals such as benzeneExposure to high levels of radiationTYPES OF LEUKEMIALeukemia can be Acute or Chronic. In Acute leukemia, Cancer cell multiply quickly while in Chronic leukemia, the disease progresses slowly and early symptoms may be very mild.

Leukemia can also be classified according to types of cells which are myelogenous leukemia and lymphotic leukemia involving myeloid cells and lymphocytes respectively.

SYMPTOMS OF LEUKEMIAExcessive sweating most especially in the nightFatigue and weaknessUnintentional weight lossFever or chillsFrequent infectionsBleeding easily and bruising easilyEnlargement of the liver or spleenLEUKEMIA IN PREGNANCYLeukemia affects approximately 1 in 10000 pregnancies.Women with leukemia have non-specific symptoms and some of them could also be attributed to pregnancy.

The damage in the fetus is correlated with the time of exposition and the fetus is most vulnerable during organnogenesis phase, Although chemotherapy has effect in the fetus, there are reports of cases with successful pregnancy.

It is necessary to study the relation among chemotherapy, the leukemia and the fetus in long term studies where fetus has been exposed to chemotherapy agents and is reported with normal characteristics at birth.

ENZYMES DEFICIENT IN LEUKEMIABlast cells from 100 cases of Acute leukemia were evaluated for the presence of methylthioadenosine phosphorylase (MTAase), an enzyme important in polyamine metabolism.

Ten cases (10%) had undetectable levels of MTAase activity. A relatively high frequency (38%) of MTAase deficiency was seen in all of T-cell origin.

MTAase deficiency occurs in a wide variety of acute leukemia, that the lack of enzyme activity is specific in malignant cells. The absence of MTAase in some leukemia may be therapeutically exploitable.

TREATMENT OF LEUKEMIALeukemia is usually treated by a hematologist-oncologist. These are doctors who specialize in blood disorders and cancer.

The treatment depends on the type and stage of the cancer, the treatment includes the following:

Chemotherapy uses drugs to kill leukemia cells.Radiation therapy uses high energy radiation to damage leukemia cells and inhibit their growth.

Stem cell transplantation replaces diseased bone marrow with healthy bone marrow.

Biological or immune therapy uses treatments that help your immune system recognize and attack cancer cells.

Targeted therapy uses medication advantages of vulnerabilities in cancer cells.

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Leukemia: Cancer Of The Blood - Modern Ghana

Bone Marrow Stem Cells Comments Off on Leukemia: Cancer Of The Blood – Modern Ghana | February 24th, 2020