In this episode, supported by the UK Medical Research Council, geneticist Kat Arney and reporter Georgia Mills explore how researchers are letting the light shine in, literally, by uncovering the underlying genetic faults that cause eye diseases and developing game-changing gene therapies to save sight.

Mills speaks with sight loss charity campaigner and fundraiser Ken Reid about his experiences of living with the genetic eye condition Retinitis Pigmentosa (RP)a hereditary disease that causes the gradual degeneration of light-sensitive cells in the back of the eye. He first realized that something was wrong with his sight when he was a party-going teenager in the 1970s.

I always had very poor eyesight and couldnt understand how people could do things in the dark, he says. Most people probably dont remember what discos in the 70s were like, but they were just dark. You had this lovely interaction where it was very noisy, it was very dark and there were some flashing lights. I could see nothing and trying to find somebody to dance with was a real torment. I didnt know how people managed it!

At the MRC Human Genetics Unit in Edinburgh, Chloe Stanton is searching for the gene faults that underpin RP and other hereditary eye diseases, with more than 100 RP genes identified so far. To find out more about what all these genes actually do, her colleague Roly Megaw is growing tiny mini-eyes in the lab from reprogrammed stem cells originally derived from skin samples including one from Reid himself.

Finally, Robin Ali at Kings College London is running clinical trials of gene therapy for inherited eye disorders. Theres been impressive progress in recent years, and Ali is hopeful that treatments will come through for people like Reid.

In the 25 years Ive been working on developing gene therapy for retinal degeneration, weve seen huge advances. I think we couldnt imagine how far we could come. I remember when I first started, we were working out ways to deliver genes to the retina and we were pleased if we saw just one or two cells that had taken up a virus and maybe expressing a gene for a couple of weeks. We are now able to rescue dozens of different animal models highly effectively. Its just a matter of time until this technology can be applied as effectively to humans.

Full transcript, links and references available online at GeneticsUnzipped.com

Genetics Unzippedis the podcast from the UKGenetics Society,presented by award-winning science communicator and biologistKat Arneyand produced byFirst Create the Media.Follow Kat on Twitter@Kat_Arney,Genetics Unzipped@geneticsunzip,and the Genetics Society at@GenSocUK

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Podcast: Let the light shineTackling eye disease with gene therapy - Genetic Literacy Project

Transparency Market Research (TMR) has published a new report titled, Autologous cell therapy Market Global Industry Analysis, Size, Share, Growth, Trends, and Forecast, 20192027. According to the report, the global autologous cell therapy market was valued at US$ 7.5 Bn in 2018 and is projected to expand at a CAGR of 18.1% from 2019 to 2027.

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Overview

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Rise in Prevalence of Neurological Disorders & Cancer and Others to Drive Market

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Bone Marrow Segment to Dominate Market

Neurology Segment to be Highly Lucrative Segment

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Hospitals Segment to be Highly Lucrative Segment

North America to Dominate Global Market

Competitive Landscape

The global autologous cell therapy market is fragmented in terms of number of players. Key players in the global market include Pharmicell Co., Inc., Castle Creek Biosciences, Inc., Vericel Corporation, Lineage Cell Therapeutics, Inc., BrainStorm Cell Therapeutics, Caladrius Biosciences, Inc., Opexa Therapeutics, Inc., Regeneus Ltd., Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited., Sangamo Therapeutics, U.S. Stem Cell, Inc. and other prominent players.

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Transparency Market Research is a global market intelligence company providing global business information reports and services. Our exclusive blend of quantitative forecasting and trends analysis provides forward-looking insight for several decision makers. Our experienced team of analysts, researchers, and consultants use proprietary data sources and various tools and techniques to gather and analyze information.

Our data repository is continuously updated and revised by a team of research experts so that it always reflects latest trends and information. With a broad research and analysis capability, Transparency Market Research employs rigorous primary and secondary research techniques in developing distinctive data sets and research material for business reports.

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Autologous Cell Therapy Market by Leading Manufacturers, Demand and Growth Overview 2019 to 2027 - 3rd Watch News

Theglobal bioprinting marketshould reach $1.4 billion by 2024 from $306.2 million in 2019 at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 35.4% for the period 2019 to 2024.

Report Scope:

This new BCC Research report on the topic Current Bioprinting Prospects and Future Innovations offers a detailed perspective on bioprinting technology, its current market and future prospects. The report provides a comprehensive analysis of the trending applications of bioprinting in the market in the global context, including market forecasts and sales through 2024. The report is focused on the analysis of the bioprinting market by various product types, regions and applications.

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The products that matter the most, i.e., instruments (bioprinters), reagents (bioinks), 3D cell culture products, and software and services, are discussed and analyzed. Each of these segments are sub-divided into different types (as detailed later). The emphasis is on the printing instruments, reagents, tissue products, skin substitutes, etc. The report also highlights the popular and emerging applications of bioprinting in the clinical and research domains. The end user markets, i.e., research and development, cosmetics, drug discovery, clinical and others, are analyzed in this report. Other end user markets include chemical, agrochemical, educational, hobbyist and veterinary applications. This study includes a survey of the bioprinting market in all geographic regions, including North America, Europe, and Emerging markets. The Emerging markets include regions like India, China, Korea, Taiwan, Africa, Australia, New Zealand, Canada, Latin America, among others.

The report elaborates on the critical issues and challenges facing the bioprinting industry as well as emerging trends in bioprinting technologies. It additionally features the new developments and new product launches in the global market.

The new BCC report provides relevant patent analysis and comprehensive profiles of market players in the industry. The industry structure chapter focuses on changing market trends, important manufacturers/suppliers, their market shares and product offerings. The chapter also covers mergers and acquisitions and any other collaborations or partnerships that happened during the evaluation period of this report that are expected to shape the industry.

Factors such as the strengths, weaknesses, threats and opportunities that are expected to play a role in the evolution of the bioprinting market are also evaluated. Any regulatory changes or new initiatives are highlighted explicitly.

Excluded from this report is medical 3D printing, which focuses on nonliving materials used in medical devices. Examples of medical devices that are not covered include treatment models, surgical tools and guides, prosthetics, dental restorations and crowns, and surgical implants.

Report Includes:

85 data tables and 27 additional tables Comprehensive analysis of the bioprinting technologies and their trending applications in the market at a global scale Analyses of the global market trends with data from 2017 to 2018, estimates for 2019, and projections of compound annual growth rates (CAGRs) through 2024 Segmentation of the global market by technologies and products, notably instruments (bioprinters), reagents (bioinks), 3D cell culture products, and software and services Focus on the popular and emerging applications of bioprinting in the clinical and research domains Regional dynamics of bioprinting technologies covering North America, Europe and Other emerging markets including India, China, Korea, Taiwan, Africa, Australia, New Zealand, Canada, Latin America etc. Discussion of new developments and new product launches in the global bioprinting market A relevant patent analysis Company profiles of market players in the industry, including 3Dynamic Systems Ltd., Aspect Biosystems, GeSiM, n3D Biosciences Inc., Organovo Holdings Inc., Prellis Biologics Inc. and regenHU Ltd.

Summary

Bioprinting is a form of additive manufacturing technology, that can be used to fabricate biomimicking 3D tissue constructs and organs. The reliability and accuracy offered by these 3D tissue structures and organ constructs have made them highly attractive for a number of applications. The use of stem cells in bioprinting has significant prospects in the area of personalized medicine, to develop customized tissues/organs for repair or for the fabrication of personalized 3D tissue models for drug toxicity testing.

There is a huge unmet demand for organs. Bioprinting of 3D organs has the potential to reduce the endless wait lists of organ donations and revolutionize the medical industry. Though a number of studies are going on catering to the development of fully, functional organs by bioprinting, a number of challenges remain. These pertain to the fabrication of complex tissues with multiple cell types, the issue of resolution, and the incorporation of vascularization, among other factors.

Despite these challenges, 3D bioprinting has undergone extensive progress and is used in many other applications. The 3D tissues being biofabricated can be used for tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. From the treatment of wounds (3D skin tissues), to craniomaxillofacial repair and orthopedic reconstructive surgeries (bone grafts), to the vascular grafts used to treat the growing number of heart disease patientsthese are just some of the potential clinical applications of bioprinting. In addition, in situ bioprinters that have the ability to treat the wounds/injuries by directly printing cells at a wound site are also gaining immense popularity.

One of the main drivers of the bioprinting market are the applications of 3D tissue constructs and biofabricated organ-on-chips for in vitro drug testing. The pharmaceutical industry is constrained by a high rate of drug failures at the clinical stage. Bioprinted 3D models reproduce natural tissues very closely and, therefore, are ideal materials for in vitro drug testing and other preclinical testing studies. The potential of 3D tissues to alleviate the burden on animal testing is another reason for their increased popularity. Poietis recently launched the biofabricated skin tissue, Poieskin, which can be used for cosmetic testing applications. Moreover, a multitude research organizations and universities aredeveloping 3D tissue models for disease modeling, drug research and cancer studies, among others.

The bioprinting market is propelled by innovations in bioprinting technologies and products encompassing bioprinters, bioinks, software, and 3D tissue products. The number of U.S. patents issued in 2018 (through November 4, 2018) in the field of bioprinting increased to 38, from a total of 27 in 2017. The highest number of patents were issued in the category of 3D cell culture products followed by the bioinks segment. Strategic collaborations and partnerships among research institutes and bioprinting companies along with interested partners from the pharmaceuticals and cosmetics sectors are supporting the growth of bioprinting market in a big way. Other factors driving the growth of the bioprinting market include increased government grants, the rising interest of private venture capitalists supporting several bioprinting start-ups, and the increasing healthcare burden.

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Bioprinting Market Trends and Segments 2018-2023 Cole Reports - Cole of Duty

Building on years of groundbreaking discoveries in stem cell research, scientists from Indiana University School of Medicine and Harvard Medical School have determined how to grow hairy skin using human stem cellsdeveloping one of the most complex skin models in the world.

The study, published June 3 in Nature, shows that skin generated from pluripotent stem cells can be successfully grafted on a nude mouse to grow human skin and hair follicles. That discovery could lead to future studies in skin reconstruction, disease modeling and treatment.

This is the first study to show that human hair can be grown completely from stem cells in a dish, which has been a goal of the skin biology community for decades, said Karl Koehler, PhD, assistant professor of otolaryngologyhead and neck surgery at Harvard Medical School and Boston Childrens Hospital.

The team of researchers was led by Koehler, whos also an adjunct assistant professor of otolaryngologyhead and neck surgery at IU School of Medicine, and Jiyoon Lee, PhD, a research associate in Koehlers lab.

The groups findings originate from several years of stem cell research within the Department of OtolaryngologyHead and Neck Surgery at IU School of Medicine. In 2013, scientists created inner ear tissue from mouse embryonic stem cells using a three-dimensional cell culture method. In 2017, they developed a method to grow inner ear tissue from human stem cells, and in 2018, the researchers grew hairy skin in a dish using mouse stem cells, a scientific first.

Through the three-dimensional culture technique developed in past experiments, the team incubated human stem cells for about 150 days in a ball-shaped cluster of cells, called a skin organoid. The interior of the aggregate of cells represent the top layer of skin (the epidermis) and the outside of the cluster develops the bottom layer of skin (the dermis).

Weve developed a new cooking recipe for generating human skin that produces hair follicles after about 70 days in culture, Koehler said. When the hair follicles grow, the roots extend outward radially. Its a bizarre-looking structure, appearing almost like a deep-sea creature with tentacles coming out from it.

After the incubation period, researchers tested whether skin organoids could integrate on the skin of nude mice. More than half of the organoids they grafted on the mice grew human hair follicles. The skin organoid developed from culture is akin to fetal facial skin and hair, Koehler said.

The experiments show that organoid generated hairy skin can integrate into mouse skin, Koehler said, which suggests potential applications in skin and facial reconstruction. Physicians typically perform skin grafts in surgery, meaning the removal of skin from one area of the body to transplant on skin thats been wounded.

This could be a huge innovation, providing a potentially unlimited source of soft tissue and hair follicles for reconstructive surgeries, said Lee, the first author of the study.

Taha Shipchandler, MD, associate professor of clinical otolaryngologyhead and neck surgery at IU School of Medicine and one of the papers authors, specializes in facial plastic and reconstructive surgery. Skin regeneration is of great interest for treating patients, he said.

If we can harness this growth into a medium, and easily apply it to patients, it would change the way we treat many injuries or reconstructions, Shipchandler said. This would have a profound effect on the medical field.

The other potential uses of hairy skin organoids vary widely, from developing drug or gene therapies for congenital skin disorders to recreating the earliest stages of skin cancer formation. In addition, more research is needed to analyze the development of sensory neurons and Merkel cellsspecialized touch sensing cells of the skinbundled within the organoid hair follicles, Koehler said, adding that the neurons potentially mimic the nerves mediating touch sensations.

Were setting up experiments where we wiggle the hairs and see if the neurons activate, Koehler said, as proof of concept that our skin can respond to touch in some way.

This research was supported by the Ralph W. and Grace M. Showalter Trust, Indiana Clinical Translational Sciences Institute, the Indiana Center for Biomedical Innovation and the National Institutes of Health.

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IU School of Medicine is the largest medical school in the U.S. and is annually ranked among the top medical schools in the nation by U.S. News & World Report. The school offers high-quality medical education, access to leading medical research and rich campus life in nine Indiana cities, including rural and urban locations consistently recognized for livability.

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Researchers grow hairy skin from human stem cells

Whether through injury or simple wear and tear, the skins integrity and function can be easily compromised. Although this impacts billions of people worldwide, little is known about how to prevent skin degeneration.

The Harvard Stem Cell Institute (HSCI) Skin Program is committed to understanding why skin sometimes fails to heal or forms scars, as well as why skin inevitably becomes thin, fragile, and wrinkled with age. The Skin Programs ultimate goal is to identify new therapies for skin regeneration and rejuvenation.

Wound healing is a major problem for many older individuals. Furthermore, chronic, non-healing skin ulcers are a major source of health care costs and patient morbidity and mortality.

Human skin repairs itself slowly, via the formation of contractile scars which may cause dysfunction. In contrast, the axolotl salamander can readily regrow a severed limb, the spiny mouse has densely haired skin that heals with remarkable speed, and the skin of the growing human embryo can regenerate after trauma without the need for any scar formation. By studying these examples, scientists are finding clues for how to enhance skin healing through a more regenerative response.

During normal wound healing, scars form from dermal cells that align in parallel. But when this alignment is disrupted by a biodegradable scaffold that directs cells to grow in a random orientation, the cells follow the diverse differentiation program necessary for true regeneration.

HSCI scientists have also identified biomarkers for the key cells involved in skin regeneration, and are developing therapeutic strategies for their enrichment and activation. Ongoing clinical trials are using skin stem cells to treat chronic, non-healing ulcers, and early results are promising.

Additional approaches include 3D bioprinting, where skin stem cells are layered into a complex structure that mimics skin and could be potentially used for transplantation.

Skin aging can be thought of as a form of wounding, in which stem cells no longer maintain normal skin thickness, strength, function, and hair density. Understanding how to harness stem cells for scarless wound healing will also provide key insights into regenerating aged skin, a process termed rejuvenation. Multidisciplinary collaborators in the HSCI Skin Program are investigating the biological basis for how the skin ages over time and when exposed to ultraviolet radiation.

In addition to aging, skin stem cells also may mistake normal regions of the skin as wounds, then erroneously attempt to fill them. HSCI investigators are exploring whether this may be one of the underpinnings of psoriasis, a common and devastating disorder.

These areas of investigation are just the beginning. Skin stem cell biology has the potential to provide key insights into the mechanisms of regeneration for other organs in the body.

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Transparency Market Research (TMR)has published a new report on theamniotic membrane marketfor the forecast period of2019-2027. According to the report, the global amniotic membrane market was valued at ~US$ 980 Mnin2018and is projected to expand at a CAGR of ~10%from2019to2027.

GlobalAmniotic Membrane Market:Overview

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Increase in Research on Stem Cell Biology & Regenerative Medicineto Drive Market

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Cryopreserved Amniotic Membrane Products to Dominate Market

Ophthalmology to be Promising Application

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Hospitals Account for Major Share of Global Market

North America to Dominate Global Amniotic Membrane Market

Global Amniotic Membrane Market: Competitive Landscape

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Amniotic Membrane Market by Product, Application and Forecast to 2027 TMR - 3rd Watch News

Overview:

Breast implants are artificial prosthesis used for enhancement of breast muscles for a cosmetic reason. Breast augmentation or breast reconstruction refers to the aesthetic treatment of the breast to look more youthful and appealing. There are a wide range of breast implants used in performing aesthetic procedures including those used to treat deformities, injuries, or damages.

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Breast reconstruction requires tissue expanders, which help in the expansion of breast muscles and skin, followed by the permanent insertion of a breast implant after the removal of the tissue expander. These procedures improve symmetry after mastectomy and have an aesthetic appearance. The US is the major revenue contributor to this market. However, the lack of reimbursement issues may restrict the market growth. The vendors in this market are striving to address the issues by conducting evidence-based studies regarding the efficacy of breast augmentation or reconstruction.

Market Analysis:

The global breast implants market is expected to witness a CAGR of 5.89% during the forecast period 20172023. The global breast implants market size is analyzed based on three segments product type, end-users, and regions.

Factors, such as increase in beauty consciousness, growing awareness about reconstructive breast surgeries, favorable demographics across the globe, increasing aging population, are expected to drive the market growth during the forecast period. The market is witnessing emerging trends, such as an increase in the demand of composite breast implant treatments, a rise in medical tourism, and an increase in the disposable income, which will drive the market at a significant pace during the forecast period.

Regional Analysis:

The regions covered in the report are North America, Europe, Asia Pacific, and Rest of the World (ROW). The Americas is the leading region for the breast implants market growth followed by Europe. Asia Pacific and ROW are set to be the emerging regions. Brazil is the most attractive market in Latin America, the popularity and the usage of breast implants are expected to rise significantly in the coming years.

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Product Analysis:

Silicone and saline breast implants are the most popular among breast augmentation and reconstruction procedures and the most common surgical aesthetic procedures among end-users. Silicone breast implants dominated the market with a revenue of $1 billion in 2016 and is expected to grow at a CAGR of 6% during the forecast period. The saline breast implants segment is growing at a slow rate and is far behind the silicone breast implants segment in terms of market growth. This is due to their low adoption rate and few other complications. In 2016, there were about 64,674 saline surgical breast implants, and these implants are more prone to rippling as they have less firmness.

On an average, women have started spending $300-500 billion a year on beauty products. Moreover, advances in technology, such as use of microspheres in lightweight breast implants and the use of stem cells, are gaining popularity as a safe and simple method of breast augmentation. Furthermore, the market is also witnessing various mergers, acquisitions, and collaborations among the top players, which is defining the future of the global breast implants market.

The major products in the market include:

Key Players:

The market is fragmented with many players but dominated by the top 5 players. Allergan, Mentor Worldwide, GC Aesthetics, and Sientra hold more than 85% of the market share in the total global breast implants market.

Pure play players:

POLYTECH Health & Aesthetics GmbH, GROUPE SEBBIN SAS, Establishment Labs S.A., HansBiomed Co. Ltd, CEREPLAS, LABORATOIRES ARION, Ideal Implant, Guangzhou Wanhe Plastic Materials Co., Ltd., Silimed, G&G Biotechnology Ltd, Shanghai Kangning Medical Supplies Ltd, and Implantech Associates Inc.

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Competitive Analysis:

The global breast implants market is fragmented and has immense growth opportunities for the vendors, especially in the developed regions. The presence of large, small, and local vendors in the market creates high competition. The market is dominated by Allergan, Mentor Worldwide, GC Aesthetics, and Sientra. These vendors are consolidating their position in the market by acquiring smaller companies, expanding their business operations by leveraging their product portfolio across the globe. The competitive environment in the market will intensify further with an increase in product/service extensions, product innovations, and M&A. They form strategic alliances for marketing and manufacturing of breast implants.

Benefits:

The report provides complete details about the usage and adoption rate of breast implants for breast augmentation or reconstruction. This helps the key stakeholders to know about the major trends, drivers, investments, vertical players initiatives, and adoption rate in the upcoming years along with the details of pure play companies entering the market. Moreover, the report provides details about the major challenges that are going to impact the market growth. Additionally, the report gives complete details about key business opportunities to key stakeholders to expand their business, improve their revenue, and to analyze the market before investing or expanding the business in this market.

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Breast Implants Market Growth Opportunities Created by Covid19 Outbreak - Cole of Duty

There are so many skincare brands on the market today, their number may flood your social media feed that it may be difficult to choose the right one for you this summertime. Sensitive skin, aging, tired skin, fair, dark, or a combination, its particularly rare for a single product or brand that can nourish and protect you during this season. However, by using a variety of brands that suit you, you may achieve that glowing healthy skin youve always wanted.

Here is a list of 8 products and options that can help you obtain the perfect skin this summer:

This brand is inspired and designed by leading cosmeceutical scientists for skincare, anti-aging, removal of blemish, and other skin issues. Their products are clinically tested, which makes SkinPro represent the industrys advanced skincare technology. Its perfect for enjoying the sun during the day and experience the rejuvenating effects with strengthened efficacy while being sensitive to the skin. The formulations are made by proprietary technology to give you a special combination of active ingredients that will remedy skin problems and provide lasting results.

Pair your tan with skincare that keeps your skins aging process to a minimum while enjoying the sun. You can use the Nimni Day Cream to protect and smoothen your skin with special collagen boosting complex infused with environmental shields. Summer-soft touchable skin is truly achievable while preventing possible daytime sun damage. When the sun sets and before going to bed to close another day, use the Nimni Night Cream and take some time to yourself.

Caudalie is a French skincare brand, based on all-natural grape extracts from the Bordeaux, Champagne, and Burgundy regions. Red wine drinkers already know this to be true: grapes are high in antioxidants and resveratrol compounds and polyphenols which give the whole line its unique and successful philosophy of anti-aging.

The whole line of SK-II revolves on a special ingredient called Pitera. History has it that workers who were subjected to a fermentation substance at a Japanese factory have remarkably ageless and spotless palms. In a slew of anti-aging creams, serums, masks, and most famously a skin-brightening facial treatment essence the secret sauce was packaged up and shipped.

It is one of those skincare brands that you can apply by yourself or as an aftercare treatment based on your preferences and goals. CosmetiCare has everything you need to fix anti-aging, acne, or pigmentation so you can get a sun-radiant, healthy, vibrant complexion. Using their Amplify-Hyaluronic Acid Enhancing Serum to lighten your dry skin with moisture when strengthening the skins lipid barrier. It is especially good for your summer skin, which requires the extra boost from day to day activities to keep your skin moisturized.

Think of skincare product creativity! If youre hunting for skincare brands with coveted distinctions to be the best-selling brands, then youll meet Factor Five Skin here. With this best-selling serum, take your regimen to a whole new dimension that dares to deviate from conventional anti-aging products. Their Regenerative Serum works on wrinkles, sun spots, uneven texture, and more. Combining human stem cell growth factors with copper peptides will make your skin look renewed and restored in as little as 4 weeks!

Your time in the sun is not supposed to reveal the years of skin life. This youth-infusing bundle of skin-loving ingredients is nicely packaged in the Mature Skin Anti-Aging Kit to help you reverse or prevent premature aging. Turn back the time or stand still with this scientifically crafted and evidence-based ingredient combination. Prepare to erase the fine lines, wrinkles, and discolorations of the skin, and shrink large pores with this impressive collection of anti-aging skincare:

This summer, when you apply the Mature Skin Anti-Aging Kit to your regimen, your sun-kissed lips, eyes, and dcolletage region will be completely plumped up and beautifully radiant. Cap off the week with the Hydroxy Overnight Mask, an exfoliating and hydrating leave-on-night mask composed of salicylic acids.

If you tend to have skin that is prone to acne, oily, sun-damaged, or sensitive, then you will want to use this product a few times a week. The Aloe Veras soothing compounds help soothe drained, old skin cells when youre asleep! You can use it as a mask or even best as a spot-treatment for rare breakouts, and youd wake to clean and healthy skin.

Who wouldnt love skincare brands that make an utter joy in washing your face? Only the word Kale Cleanser makes you want to make every morning and evening a spa day in your house! Its a concentrated combination of superfoods and antioxidants that hydrate your skin while reducing oxidative damage to the blue light. Its so sweet, you should probably use it twice a day and wash the dirt and extra grime of the day away. Follow it up next with the Moisturizer Adaptogens Superfruits.

This yummy moisturizer feeds some of the most powerful anti-aging ingredients to amplify the natural development of collagen in your skin while helping to prevent free-radical damage. Then what better way to soothe your exposed skin during the summer than with the Adaptogens Superfruits Mask. The sun may be bright, but if it is not revitalized, it can quickly dull your skin. Its creamy, smooth, and not only smells great, but after just one try, it leaves your skin smooth and rejuvenated. Piper Berry is one of the skincare brands that we love for quick fixing and refreshing the skin anytime, anywhere.

With these products, youll be summer-ready to enjoy activities that you can only do when the suns out while protecting and nourishing your skin. If you have sensitive skin make sure to apply only a small amount and gradually increase when you dont show any signs of negative reaction. Investing in the protection and rejuvenation of your skin will surely hold off father time from getting his hands on your glowing face.

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Skincare Brands To Try Out This Summer - GirlTalkHQ

Just like your skin, your hair also needs pampering to look good. For lustrous and long tresses, you need to provide your scalp and hair follicles with the essential nutrients including vitamins, minerals, and proteins. Though there are various supplements available in the market that can stimulate your hair growth, if you wish to go natural, there is a plethora of food items that can give you the same benefit. Read further to know about foods that can promote hair growth. Also Read - Want to Promote Hair Growth And Relieve Insomnia? Opt For Spikenard Essential Oil

Being rich in procyanidin B-2, apples can stimulate epithelial cells and promote hair growth. Also, the antioxidants present in this fruit can fight against the free radicals and reduce hair damage. Even if you wish to improve your hair thickness, you can have apples as they are packed with protein. Also Read - Potential stem cell therapy may help promote hair growth

Strawberries contain vitamin C and other strong antioxidants, that can improve the health of your hair. If anecdotal evidences are to be believed, silica present in strawberries can stop hair loss and prevent the onset of baldness. Eating strawberries every day can treat dandruff and also make your hair appear shiny. Also Read - Top 5 essential oils for hair growth and how to use them

Bananas can help in hair growth by preventing dandruff and improving the quality of your scalp. Its rich nutritional content can also unclog the scalp pores. If you want your hair to impart shine, have a banana every day. It can also prevent breakage and split-ends.

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Best Hair Growth Tips: 5 Food Items to Include in Your Daily Diet For Long And Strong Tresses - India.com

Unfortunate news for those hoping the coronavirus pandemic was fading away: models suggest that an apocalyptic resurgence could be coming in the near future.

Multiple U.S. states, including Florida, Texas, and California, are currently experiencing record daily numbers of new COVID-19 cases, CNN reports. And they all still seem to be on the upswing.

Dr. Peter Hotez, dean of Baylor College of Medicines National School of Tropical Medicine, told CNN that Houston is on track to be the most coronavirus-ravaged city in the U.S. but that other Texas cities arent far behind.

The big metro areas seem to be rising very quickly and some of the models are on the verge of being apocalyptic, Hotez told CNN.

The three states hitting record numbers right now are also the most populous in the country. Combined, their new surges put more than 27 percent of the U.S. population at risk, CNN reports.

Hotez, whos also working on an experimental COVID-19 vaccine, warns that Houston in particular may quadruple its coronavirus case load over the next two weeks, which would put the same devastating strain on its healthcare system that places like New York City experienced earlier in the year.

That is really worrisome and as those numbers rise, were seeing commensurate increases in the number of hospitalizations and ICU admissions, Hotex told CNN. You get to the point where you overwhelm ICUs and thats when the mortality goes up.

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Professor: Looming COVID Surge on "Verge of Being Apocalyptic" - Futurism

CRANFORD, N.J., June 26, 2020 /PRNewswire/ --Citius Pharmaceuticals, Inc. ("Citius" or the "Company") (Nasdaq: CTXR), a specialty pharmaceutical company focused on developing and commercializing critical care drug products, announced today that the Company has received a written response from the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in regards to its pre-investigational new drug (PIND) application for its induced mesenchymal stem cells (iMSCs) to treat and reduce the severity of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) in patients with COVID-19.

The FDA acknowledged that the Company could apply for fast track designation and also provided Citius with the chemistry, manufacturing, and control (CMC) requirements for the proposed trials. The Company plans to initiate actions on the FDA's recommendations and follow up with the FDA with an Investigational New Drug (IND) application under the Coronavirus Treatment Acceleration Program (CTAP).

Myron Holubiak, Chief Executive Officer of Citius, commented, "We appreciate the FDA's thoughtful guidance on our unique, allogenic mesenchymal stem cells derived from induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). We understand that iPSC-derived stem cells are not the same as adult-donor derived cells and, therefore, would require different proof of concept studies. Since we believe in the advantages of iPSC MSCs over donor-derived cells, we intend to develop assays recommended by the FDA and demonstrate the safety of these MSCs in our preclinical studies. We are committed to the successful completion of the required clinical trials to provide an effective and safe therapy for ARDS due to COVID-19."

About Citius Pharmaceuticals, Inc.Citius is a late-stage specialty pharmaceutical company dedicated to the development and commercialization of critical care products, with a focus on anti-infectives and cancer care. For more information, please visitwww.citiuspharma.com.

About Citius iMSCCitius's mesenchymal stem cell therapy product is derived from a human induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) line generated using a proprietary mRNA-based (non-viral) reprogramming process. The iMSCs produced from this clonal technique are differentiated from adult donor-derived MSCs (bone marrow, placenta, umbilical cord, adipose tissue, or dental pulp) by providing genetic homogeneity. In in-vitro studies, iMSCs exhibit superior potency and high cell viability. The iMSCs secrete immunomodulatory proteins that may reduce or prevent pulmonary symptoms associated with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) in patients with COVID-19. The Citius iMSC is an allogeneic (unrelated donor) mesenchymal stem-cell product manufactured by expanding material from a master cell bank.

About Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS)ARDS is a type of respiratory failure characterized by rapid onset of widespread inflammation in the lungs. ARDS is a rapidly progressive disease that occurs in critically ill patients most notably now in those diagnosed with COVID-19. ARDS affects approximately 200,000 patients per year in the U.S., exclusive of the current COVID-19 pandemic, and has a 30% to 50% mortality rate. ARDS is sometimes initially diagnosed as pneumonia or pulmonary edema (fluid in the lungs from heart disease). Symptoms of ARDS include shortness of breath, rapid breathing and heart rate, chest pain (particularly while inhaling), and bluish skin coloration. Among those who survive ARDS, a decreased quality of life is relatively common.

About Coronavirus Treatment Acceleration Program (CTAP)In response to the pandemic, the FDA has created an emergency program called the Coronavirus Treatment Acceleration Program (CTAP) to accelerate the development of treatments for COVID-19. By redeploying staff, the FDA is responding to COVID-19-related requests and reviewing protocols within 24 hours of receipt. The FDA said CTAP "uses every available method to move new treatments to patients as quickly as possible, while at the same time finding out whether they are helpful or harmful." In practice, that means developers of potential treatments for COVID-19 would benefit from an unusually faster track at the FDA to shorten wait times at multiple steps of the process.

Safe Harbor

This press release may contain "forward-looking statements" within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933 and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934. Such statements are made based on our expectations and beliefs concerning future events impacting Citius. You can identify these statements by the fact that they use words such as "will," "anticipate," "estimate," "expect," "should," and "may" and other words and terms of similar meaning or use of future dates. Forward-looking statements are based on management's current expectations and are subject to risks and uncertainties that could negatively affect our business, operating results, financial condition and stock price. Factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from those currently anticipated are: the risk of successfully negotiating a license agreement for a potential ARDS therapy with Novellus, Inc. within the option period; the ability to access the FDA's CTAP program for our planned ARDS therapy; risks associated with developing our product candidates, including any licensed from Novellus, Inc., including that preclinical results may not be predictive of clinical results and our ability to file an IND for such candidates; our need for substantial additional funds; risks associated with conducting our Phase 3 trial for Mino-Lok, including completing patient enrollment, opening study sites and achieving the required number of catheter failure events; the estimated markets for our product candidates, including those for ARDS, and the acceptance thereof by any market; risks related to our growth strategy; our ability to identify, acquire, close and integrate product candidates and companies successfully and on a timely basis; risks relating to the results of research and development activities; uncertainties relating to preclinical and clinical testing; the early stage of products under development; our ability to obtain, perform under and maintain financing and strategic agreements and relationships; our ability to attract, integrate, and retain key personnel; government regulation; patent and intellectual property matters; competition; as well as other risks described in our SEC filings. We expressly disclaim any obligation or undertaking to release publicly any updates or revisions to any forward-looking statements contained herein to reflect any change in our expectations or any changes in events, conditions or circumstances on which any such statement is based, except as required by law.

Contact:

Andrew Scott Vice President, Corporate Development (O) 908-967-6677 x105[emailprotected]

SOURCE Citius Pharmaceuticals, Inc.

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Originally posted here:
Citius Receives FDA Response on Pre-Investigational New Drug (PIND) Application for its Induced Mesenchymal Stem Cells (iMSCs) to Treat Acute...

Editors note: Exposure to UV-C light poses known threats to human health. While the research discussed in this story examined ways that UV-C might be broadly deployed to stem the spread of COVID-19, it is presented only as information about new research. Readers are strongly cautionednot to experiment on their own with UV-C as an antimicrobial measure.

COVID-19 has upended society and brought chaos to generous swaths of the global economy, as governments have locked down to prevent the spread of the virus. The pandemic has also boosted interest in a variety of technologies that might help in the coronavirus fightincluding the use of ultraviolet light to sterilize scarce personal protective equipment (PPE) such as face masks, for reuse.

In recent papers, two research teams have now proposed approaches to take the use of UV-C much farther. The two groups lay out different schemes for using this high-energy light to scrub the pandemic virus from the air in occupied indoor spaceswhile still keeping the occupants safe from the usual harmful long-term effects of exposure to UV radiation. The teams argue that the approaches they suggest, if widely adopted, could sharply reduce viral transmission in public indoor spaces, and thereby help the world resume something closer to normal economic activity.

The antimicrobial effects of UV-C lightwhich occupies the wavelength band from 200 to 280 nmhave long been known, and 254-nm mercury-vapor germicidal lamps are routinely used to disinfect empty hospital rooms, clean up tainted water, and otherwise cleanse surfaces and areas where bacteria and viruses may lurk. The problem is that the same light that hammers pathogenic airborne bacteria also wreaks havoc on human cells, with long-term impacts such as skin cancer and eye damage.

As a result, much of the recent interest in leveraging UV-C light against the COVID-19 virus, SARS-CoV-2, has centered around possible uses in disinfecting PPE for doctors, nurses and first responders. (One such effort, focusing on a low-cost system that can be used to disinfect scarce N95 face masks for reuse in resource-limited areas, is being pursued by an interdisciplinary team including OSA Fellow and past president Thomas Baer.)

The teams behind the two recent papers favor substantially broadening the use of UV-C against SARS-CoV-2. They suggest that, with the right precautions and setups, the light might be used as a prophylactic in occupied indoor spaces such as workplaces, schools, hospitals and other public areas, silently scrubbing the air of the coronavirus even as the occupants of the buildings go about their daily lives.

One of the studies was led by OSA Fellow Javier Garca de Abajo of the Institute of Photonic SciencesICFO, Spain, and tapped a multinational, interdisciplinary team of researchers in virology, aerosols, immunology and other areas (ACS Nano, doi: 10.1021/acsnano.0c04596). In the study, the researchers looked at how the judicious, strategic installation of UV-C sources might attack the most common routes of indoor viral transmission.

The team began by inventorying the indoor places and systems most likely to spread the virus. These, the researchers argue, include interior ventilation systems in a wide range of settings, which can spread airborne viruses; infrastructure items touched by many persons, such as elevator buttons, stair rails and public-transit handles; and common public facilities with repeated, periodic high use, such as public toilets, storerooms and other areas.

The ICFO-led team argues that antimicrobial UV-C light sources could be placed in a variety of locations associated with viral spread, such as ventilation systems and other areas. The lamps could then be operated without a direct optical pathto humans, or while the roomsare not in use, to help reduce virus propagation without endangering human health. [Image: Sketches by Nacho Gaubert] [Enlarge image]

The team then analyzed how a range of UV-C sources, including LEDs and conventional mercury-vapor lamps, could be safely deployed to attack coronavirus in these individual spread scenarios. For example, the team argues that lamps could be deployed inside ventilation systems, with no direct optical path to occupants in the building, and run continuously, to disinfect ambient air. In other settings such as public restrooms, high-intensity UV-C light could be applied during the periods in which the rooms are unoccupied. And frequently touched surfaces, such as elevator buttons, might be subjected to continuous, weak UV-C illumination for ongoing disinfectionas human interactions with these surfaces tend to be brief, and thus would involve only a very low dose of radiation.

The team acknowledges that putting such an approach into effect would require a massive new deployment of UV lighting, with a correspondingly huge required uptick in its production. Yet the cost, they argue, may not be excessive, given the scale of the problem humanity now confrontsnot just in human mortality, but in the economic devastation that antiviral lockdowns have created.

The team estimates, in fact, that disinfection with fluorescence lamps could be implemented at a cost of a few dollars per person with minimum changes in infrastructure. Thus, they argue, a global capital investment of a few billion [U.S.] dollars could protect on the order of 109 indoor workers worldwide. The authors add, however, that current manufacturers of UV-C sources may have difficulty coping with the expected rise in demand originated by the SARS-CoV-2, pandemic, as the global market for UV-C light barely reaches one billion dollars a year at present.

Another team, based at Columbia Universitys Irving Medical Center, USA, took a different view of how UV-C might be used to fight coronavirus in occupied indoor settings (Sci. Reports, doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-67211-2). The team focused in particular on the specific wavelengths of UV-C light that might be used against the virusstressing that not all UV-C light is necessarily the same in terms of its hazard to human health.

Conventional germicidal lamps operate at a wavelength of 254 nm, as that is one of the sweet spots for UV-C absorption by DNA or RNA molecules; the light thus scrambles and inactivates the pathogens genetic machinery. It can also penetrate into the skin and eyes, causing similar genetic and other damage to living human cells.

The Columbia team points out, however, that light in the far UV-C, between 207 and 222 nm, is also effective at killing microorganismsyet studies to date suggest that these wavelengths do not cause the human health issues associated with the 254-nm radiation of germicidal lamps. The reason, according to the team, is that light in the far UV-C penetrates less than a few micrometers into biological materials. Thats too short a distance to pierce the nonliving protective layers of the skin and eye into the living cells beneath. But its more than sufficient to bore into tiny bacteria and viruses.

These considerations, the Columbia team argues, suggest that far-UV-C light should have about the same anti-microbial properties as conventional germicidal UV light, but without producing the corresponding health effects. Thus, they conclude, continuous, low-dose application of light in the wavelength area of 222 nm might be used in occupied public areas to stem the spread of SARS-CoV-2, without posing other hazards to the occupants themselves.

To test the idea out, the team used a misting device to aerosolize two common coronaviruses that were structurally similar to SARS-CoV-2, and then flowed the aerosols through the air in front of a 222-nm UV-C lamp. The researchers found that, at very low doses, the far UV-C light killed more than 99.9% of the viral load. The team is now at work on tests using the actual SARS-CoV-2 pathogenand says that preliminary data suggest that the far-UV-C light effectively kills that virus, too.

Putting these results together with the safety data, the team leader, David J. Brenner, asserted in a press release accompanying the work that far-UV-C at very low doses could be used in combination with other measures, like wearing face masks and washing hands, to limit the transmission of SARS-CoV-2 and other viruses.

See the rest here:
COVID-19: Putting UV-C to Work - Optics & Photonics News

The Maryland Stem Cell Research Commission (The Commission) recently announced over $7M in Maryland Stem Cell Fund (MSCF) grant awards for its second round of 2020 MSCF fund recipients. The MSCF, which is a program of the Maryland Technology Development Corporation (TEDCO), has awarded $157M in funding to BioHealth Capital Region (BHCR) companies seeking to accelerate stem cell research, therapies and commercialization of products since 2007.

The $7M in new funding follows MSCFs announcement in September 2019 of over $1.3M in grants for the first cohort of 2020 recipients, bringing the total 2020 MSCF award tally to approximately $8.3M for the year. The financial awards are delivered across a wide range of areas, including clinical, commercialization, validation, launch, discovery, and post-doctoral fellowships. The first cohort of funding included three commercialization and two validation awards; the second, larger recipient pool included one clinical, one commercialization, one validation, four launches, 11 discovery, and five post-doctoral awards.

Notable BHCR MSCF recipients included:

Dr. Luis Garza of Johns Hopkins University (JHU) received a clinical grant to support clinical trials for his autologous volar fibroblast injection into the stump site of amputees. The trials are exploring ways to make the skin where a prosthetic limb meets the stump site tougher and less irritable to the wearer. Skin irritation is a major issue for those with prosthetic limbs and is often a cause for individuals to stop wearing their prosthesis.

Vita Therapeutics, a company that spun out of JHU, was awarded a 300K MSCF grant to support the commercialization of the companys satellite stem cell therapy for limb-girdle Muscular Dystrophy. According to the National Organization for Rare Disorders (NORD), Limb-girdle muscular dystrophies (LGMD) are a group of rare progressive genetic disorders that are characterized by wasting (atrophy) and weakness of the voluntary muscles of the hip and shoulder areas (limb-girdle area). Vita Therapeutics is led by CEO Douglass Falk, who is a JHU alum.

Jamie Niland, VP of Baltimore, Marylands Neoprogen Inc. received part of $892,080K in funding that was part of MSCFs first 2020 grant round. Jamie is the son of Bill Niland, Neoprogens current CEO and the former leader of Baltimore, Maryland life science community anchor Harpoon Medical, which was acquired by Edwards Scientific in 2017. The award was for Neoprogens neonatal cardiac stem cells for the heart tissue regeneration program.

Dr. Brian Pollok of Rockville, Marylands Propagenix, Inc., was also the recipient of a commercialization award for his Apical Surface-Outward (ASO) airway organoids, which is a potential novel cell system for drug discovery and personalized medicine. Propagenix develops innovative new technologies that address unmet needs in epithelial cell biologyfor applications in life science research as well as in precision diagnostics, and next-generation therapeutics such as immune-oncology, tissue engineering, and regenerative medicine, according to the companys website.

In addition, Dr. Ines Silva, R&D Manager of REPROCELL, USA received an MSCF commercialization grant for its work on building a commercial neural cell bank from patient-derived induced pluripotent stem cells. REPROCELL was founded in Japan in 2003 and acquired BioServe in Beltsville, Maryland in 2014.

Dr. Sashank Reddy, the founder of JHU startup LifeSprout and Medical Director, Johns Hopkins Technology Ventures Johns Hopkins University, received a portion of the $1,334,462 distributed for launch grants in 2020. The grant will go to support the launch of regenerative cell therapies for soft tissue restoration. LifeSprout recently closed a $28.5M seed round.

Past MSCF grant recipients include Frederick, Marylands RoosterBio, Inc. and Theradaptive, Inc., and Baltimore, Marylands Gemstone Biotherapeutics and Domicell, Inc., among others.

TEDCOs MSRF program continues to lend its deep support and ample funding to build and grow Marylands burgeoning and exciting regenerative medicine industry. Well be keeping a close eye on these companies as they grow and make future contributions to the thriving BHCR biocluster.

Steve has over 20 years experience in copywriting, developing brand messaging and creating marketing strategies across a wide range of industries, including the biopharmaceutical, senior living, commercial real estate, IT and renewable energy sectors, among others. He is currently the Principal/Owner of StoryCore, a Frederick, Maryland-based content creation and execution consultancy focused on telling the unique stories of Maryland organizations.

See more here:
Over $8M in 2020 Stem Cell Funding Awards Continue to Fuel Marylands Leading Cell Therapy Industry - BioBuzz

Introduction

Breastfeeding is the cornerstone of infant and young child survival, nutrition and development and maternal health. The World Health Organization recommends exclusive breastfeeding for the first 6 months of life, followed by continued breastfeeding with appropriate complementary foods for up to 2 years and beyond.1 Early and uninterrupted skin-to-skin contact, rooming-in2 and kangaroo mother care3 also significantly improve neonatal survival and reduce morbidity and are recommended by WHO.

However, concerns have been raised about whether mothers with COVID-19 can transmit the SARS-CoV-2 virus to their infant or young child through breastfeeding. Recommendations on mother-infant contact and breastfeeding must be based on a full consideration of not only of the potential risks of COVID-19 infection of the infant, but also the risks of morbidity and mortality associated with not breastfeeding, the inappropriate use of infant formula milks, as well as the protective effects of skin-to-skin contact. This scientific brief examines the evidence to date on the risks of transmission of COVID-19 from an infected mother to her baby through breastfeeding as well as evidence on the risks to child health from not breastfeeding.

WHO recommends that mothers with suspected or confirmed COVID-19 should be encouraged to initiate or continue to breastfeed. Mothers should be counselled that the benefits of breastfeeding substantially outweigh the potential risks for transmission.4

Mother and infant should be enabled to remain together while rooming-in throughout the day and night and to practice skin-to-skin contact, including kangaroo mother care, especially immediately after birth and during establishment of breastfeeding, whether they or their infants have suspected or confirmed COVID-19.

A living systematic review of evidence that followed the procedures of the Cochrane handbook for systematic reviews of interventions was carried out with the latest search done on 15 May 2020 to identify studies including mothers with suspected or confirmed COVID-19 and their infants or young children.5 The search was conducted on Cochrane Library, EMBASE (OVID), PubMed (MEDLINE), Web of Science Core Collection (Clarivate Analytics) and the WHO Global Database. A total of 12,198 records were retrieved, 6945 were screened after removing duplicates, and 153 records with mother-infant dyads in which the mother had COVID-19 were included in full-text review.

A total of 46 mother-infant dyads had breastmilk samples tested for COVID-19. All mothers had COVID-19, while 13 infants tested COVID-19 positive. Breastmilk samples from 43 mothers were negative for the COVID-19 virus while samples from 3 mothers tested positive for viral particles by RT-PCR. Among the 3 infants whose mothers breastmilk tested positive for virual RNA particles, not live virus, one infant tested positive for COVID-19 but infant feeding practices were not reported. The two other infants tested negative for COVID-19; one was breastfed, and the other newborn was fed expressed breast milk after viral RNA particles were no longer detected. In the single child with COVID-19, it was unclear through which route or source the infant became infected, i.e. through breastmilk or droplet from a close contact with the infected mother.

A preprint article reported secretory immunoglobulin A (sIgA) immune response against the COVID-19 virus found in 12 of 15 breastmilk samples from mothers with COVID-19.6 The implications of this finding on the effect, duration and protection against COVID-19 for the child was not addressed.

To date, studies of mother-infant dyads with data on feeding practices and COVID-19 infection have come from case reports, case series or a report of a family cluster. Other study designs such as cohort studies or case-control studies were eligible for inclusion, but none were identified. We are thus unable to measure and compare risks of infection based on feeding practices.

Although 1 of the 3 infants of mothers with viral particles in breast milk had COVID-19, it was unclear through which route or source the infant was infected, i.e., through breastfeeding or close contact with the mother or other infected person. RT-PCR detects and amplifies viral genetic material in samples, such as breastmilk, but does not provide information on viability or infectivity of the virus. Documented presence of replicative COVID-19 virus in cell culture from breast milk and infectivity in animal models are needed to consider breast milk as potentially infectious.

The presence of IgA in breast milk is one of the ways in which breastfeeding protects infants against infection and death. IgA antibodies with reactivity to the COVID-19 virus have been detected in breastmilk of mothers previously infected with COVID-19 but their strength and durability have not yet been adequately studied to address protection from COVID-19 among breastfed infants.

Detection of COVID-19 viral RNA in breastmilk is not the same as finding viable and infective virus. Transmission of COVID-19 would need replicative and infectious virus being able to reach target sites in the infant and also to overcome infant defense systems. If in the future COVID-19 virus from breastmilk were shown to be replicative in cell culture it would need to reach target sites in the infant and overcome infant defense systems for transmission of COVID-19 to occur.

The implications of transmission risk need to be framed in terms of COVID-19 prevalence in breastfeeding mothers and the scope and severity of COVID-19 infection in infants when transmission occurs compared to the adverse consequences of separation and using breastmilk substitutes and also separation of newborns and young infants from mothers.

Children appear to be at low risk of COVID-19. Among the cases of confirmed COVID-19 in children, most have experienced only mild or asymptomatic illness.7,8 This is also the case with other zoonotic coronaviruses (SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV), which seem to affect children less commonly and to cause fewer symptoms and less severe disease compared with adults.9

Secretory IgA have been detected in breastmilk of mothers with previous COVID-19 infection. Although the strength and durability of sIgA reactive to COVID-19 have not yet been determined, multiple bioactive components have been identified in breastmilk that not only protect against infections but improve neurocognitive and immunologic development of the child since Lars A Hanson first described sIgA in breastmilk in 1961.10-12

Skin-to-skin contact and kangaroo mother care facilitate breastfeeding as well as improve thermoregulation, blood glucose control, and maternal-infant attachment, and decrease the risk in mortality and severe infection among low birth weight infants.13,14 Beyond the neonatal period, positive effects of mother-infant holding include improved sleep patterns, lower rates of behavioural problems in the child and higher quality parental interaction.15,16

Exclusively breastfed infants, the risk of mortality is 14-fold higher in infants who are not breastfed.17 Over 820 000 childrens lives could be saved every year among children under 5 years, if all children 0-23 months were optimally breastfed. For mothers, breastfeeding protects against breast cancer and may protect against ovarian cancer and type 2 diabetes.18 On the other hand, children are at low risk of COVID-19.

It is still not clear whether the virus can or cannot be transmitted though breast milk. Risk of transmission based on feeding practices have not been quantified, compared, or modelled against the benefits of breastfeeding and nurturing mother-infant interaction.

At present, data are not sufficient to conclude vertical transmission of COVID-19 through breastfeeding. In infants, the risk of COVID-19 infection is low, the infection is typically mild or asymptomatic, while the consequences of not breastfeeding and separation between mother and child can be significant. At this point it appears that COVID-19 in infants and children represents a much lower threat to survival and health than other infections that breastfeeding is protective against. The benefits of breastfeeding and nurturing mother-infant interaction to prevent infection and promote health and development are especially important when health and other community services are themselves disrupted or limited. Adherence to infection prevention and control measures is essential to prevent contact transmission between COVID-19 suspected or confirmed mothers and their newborns and young infants.

Based on available evidence, WHO recommendations on the initiation and continued breastfeeding of infants and young children also apply to mothers with suspected or confirmed COVID-19.

WHO continues to monitor the situation closely for any changes that may affect this interim guidance. Should any factors change, WHO will issue a further update. Otherwise, this scientific brief will expire 2 years after the date of publication.

Continued here:
Breastfeeding and COVID-19 - World Health Organization

The unwanted side effects include blisters, scabbing, hyperpigmentation, and hypopigmentation. Of some comfort: Pigmentation issues aren't always permanent. If you get it, let your doctor know right away and use a little cortisone 1% cream on the area, says Marmur. Keep it out of the sun and heat, and apply a cool compress ASAP.

If you're predisposed to hyperpigmentation, your dermatologist may even make a preemptive strike. For patients with darker skin types, we apply over-the-counter hydrocortisone 1% cream in the office to minimize inflammation and the risk of darkening of skin, or post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation," says Kim. "We recommend applying the cream twice daily to the affected areas for three to five days.

It largely varies, since the lasers themselves have gotten better over the years. I've had patients who were able to tolerate the treatment without any numbing, and patients who experienced some pain even with topical anesthesia, says Kim. (I, a baby, prefer to spend an hour with numbing cream and have never felt a thing.)

Marmur compares the laser beam to a zinging feeling, similar to a needle prick. She's a fan of contact cooling systems, as they blunt the heat created as the laser beam (which is light energy) converts into heat. Plus, they offer enough cooling to minimize any damage caused to surrounding skin, reducing the risk of hyperpigmentation.

Certain pain-reducing methods, like suctions and contact cooling, are often built into the lasers. There is a new laser by Lumenis called Splendor that is very effective and significantly more comfortable than other existing lasers, and I have had great success with it, says Kim. Because this laser is much more comfortable, I have been able to treat almost all patients without any topical numbing cream which significantly reduces the waiting time for the patients as well.

Since laser hair removal heats up your skin as it blasts your hair follicles, it's important to cool it back down afterwards to avoid side effects like redness. We often give people cold gauze in Ziploc bags, says Marmur. If you're getting in a car, put on the air conditioning and stay in a cool place for a bit, or take a cool shower afterwards.

Marmur sends her patients home with a cooling serum, the Marmur Metamorphosis MMRevive Serum. You could also try Avne Cicalfate Restorative Protective Cream, which soothes with a combination of barrier-repairing ingredients and probiotics.

Avoiding sun exposure and wearing sunscreen is also a must, as sunlight can kickstart hyperpigmentation. Kim recommends wearing a minimum of SPF 30. Got another session coming up? Patients should not wax, pluck, or thread the treated areas in between treatments, because it's essential for the hair follicles to be intact in order for the treatments to be effective at the next session," he says.

If we're being technical, laser hair removal is something of a misnomer. It's more like laser hair reduction, says Marmur. That's because you have two types of hair: vellus hairs, which are fine baby hairs, and terminal hairs, which are more coarse. The vellus baby hairs get affected by hormones and convert to terminal hairs throughout your life, she says.

So, you may do laser hair removal at 18, but by 30, you might have new growth coming in. It's just nature doing its thing. That being said, once a hair follicle root is dead, it's dead forever.

Always make sure you're going to a board certified dermatologist or reputable practitionerthis isn't a procedure you want to cut corners on just because you found a good discount online. And don't be afraid to ask for a consultation ahead of an appointment to discuss the procedure. As for during your appointment, you'll want to make sure both you and your practitioner have safety goggles on while the laser is in process.

At-home laser hair removal devices also exist, but they're generally less effective (meaning it will take much longer to see results), and theres more room for error as the beam is less specific. This is why experts generally suggest going in-office for the procedure.

Laser hair removal costs an average of $285 for one session, according to the latest stats from the American Society of Plastic Surgeons, but some treatments can run up to $1,500 per session. That's because the cost varies widely according to a number of factors, such as the size of the area you're treating, the provider's expertise, and where you're located. Just remember: Any treatment that seems too affordable to be true, often is.

Here is the original post:
Is Laser Hair Removal Worth the Cost & Hassle? What to Know - Glamour

Get a complete overview of the market trends, size, key market players, and scope with a new report on Skin Care Cosmetic Market added by Big Market Research.

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The report clearly shows that the Skin Care Cosmetic industry has achieved remarkable progress since 2027 with numerous significant developments boosting the growth of the market. This report is prepared based on a detailed assessment of the industry by experts. To conclude, stakeholders, investors, product managers, marketing executives, and other experts in search of factual data on supply, demand, and future predictions would find the report valuable.

The report constitutes:Chapter 1 provides an overview of Skin Care Cosmetic market, containing global revenue, global production, sales, and CAGR. The forecast and analysis of Skin Care Cosmetic market by type, application, and region are also presented in this chapter.Chapter 2 is about the market landscape and major players. It provides competitive situation and market concentration status along with the basic information of these players.Chapter 3 provides a full-scale analysis of major players in Skin Care Cosmetic industry. The basic information, as well as the profiles, applications and specifications of products market performance along with Business Overview are offered.Chapter 4 gives a worldwide view of Skin Care Cosmetic market. It includes production, market share revenue, price, and the growth rate by type.Chapter 5 focuses on the application of Skin Care Cosmetic, by analyzing the consumption and its growth rate of each application.Chapter 6 is about production, consumption, export, and import of Skin Care Cosmetic in each region.Chapter 7 pays attention to the production, revenue, price and gross margin of Skin Care Cosmetic in markets of different regions. The analysis on production, revenue, price and gross margin of the global market is covered in this part.Chapter 8 concentrates on manufacturing analysis, including key raw material analysis, cost structure analysis and process analysis, making up a comprehensive analysis of manufacturing cost.Chapter 9 introduces the industrial chain of Skin Care Cosmetic. Industrial chain analysis, raw material sources and downstream buyers are analyzed in this chapter.Chapter 10 provides clear insights into market dynamics.Chapter 11 prospects the whole Skin Care Cosmetic market, including the global production and revenue forecast, regional forecast. It also foresees the Skin Care Cosmetic market by type and application.Chapter 12 concludes the research findings and refines all the highlights of the study.Chapter 13 introduces the research methodology and sources of research data for your understanding.

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Skin Care Cosmetic Market size is likely to register considerable growth rate in the coming years - Medic Insider

The study on the Anti-Ageing Drugs Marketby Brand Essence Market Research is a compilation of systematic details in terms of market valuation, market size, revenue estimation, and geographical spectrum of the business vertical. The study also offers a precise analysis of the key challenges and growth prospects awaiting key players of the Anti-Ageing Drugs market, including a concise summary of their corporate strategies and competitive setting.

In 2018, the Global Anti-Ageing Drugs Market size was xx million US$ and it is expected to reach xx million US$ by the end of 2025, with a CAGR of xx% during 2019-2025.

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The latest report pertaining to Anti-Ageing Drugs Market provides a detailed analysis regarding market size, revenue estimations and growth rate of the industry. In addition, the report illustrates the major obstacles and newest growth strategies adopted by leading manufacturers who are a part of the competitive landscape of this market.

Anti-aging drugs are used to slow down or reverse the processes of aging to extend the lifespan. Aging, is that damage to the bodys macromolecules, cells, tissues, which is facilitated by genomic instability, epigenetic alterations, loss of proteostasis, mitochondrial dysfunction, cellular senescence, stem cell exhaustion, oxidation damage by free radicals etc

In this report, 2018 has been considered as the base year and 2019 to 2025 as the forecast period to estimate the market size for Anti-Ageing Drugs.

This report studies the global market size of Anti-Ageing Drugs, especially focuses on the key regions like United States, European Union, China, and other regions (Japan, Korea, India and Southeast Asia).

This study presents the Anti-Ageing Drugs sales volume, revenue, market share and growth rate for each key company, and also covers the breakdown data (sales, revenue and market share) by regions, type and applications. history breakdown data from 2014 to 2019, and forecast to 2025.

For top companies in United States, European Union and China, this report investigates and analyzes the production, value, price, market share and growth rate for the top manufacturers, key data from 2014 to 2019.

In global market, the following companies are covered: Nu Skin BIOTIME Elysium Health La Roche-Posay DermaFix

Market Segment by Product Type Hormonal Therapy Antioxidants Enzymes Stem Cells Others

Market Segment by Application Skin Hair Others

Anti-Ageing Drugs market report consists of the worlds crucial region market share, size (volume), trends including the product profit, price, value, production, capacity, capability utilization, supply, and demand. Besides, market growth rate, size, and forecasts at the global level have been provided. The geographic areas covered in this report:North America (United States, Canada and Mexico), Europe (Germany, France, UK, Russia and Italy), Asia-Pacific (China, Japan, Korea, India and Southeast Asia), South America (Brazil, Argentina, Colombia etc.), Middle East and Africa (Saudi Arabia, UAE, Egypt, Nigeria and South Africa).

This research study involved the extensive usage of both primary and secondary data sources. The research process involved the study of various factors affecting the industry, including the government policy, market environment, competitive landscape, historical data, present trends in the market, technological innovation, upcoming technologies and the technical progress in related industry, and market risks, opportunities, market barriers and challenges. Top-down and bottom-up approaches are used to validate the global market size market and estimate the market size for manufacturers, regions segments, product segments and applications (end users). All possible factors that influence the markets included in this research study have been accounted for, viewed in extensive detail, verified through primary research, and analyzed to get the final quantitative and qualitative data. The market size for top-level markets and sub-segments is normalized, and the effect of inflation, economic downturns, and regulatory & policy changes or other factors are not accounted for in the market forecast. This data is combined and added with detailed inputs and analysis from BrandEssenceResearch and presented in this report.

After complete market engineering with calculations for market statistics; market size estimations; market forecasting; market breakdown; and data triangulation, extensive primary research was conducted to gather information and verify and validate the critical numbers arrived at. In the complete market engineering process, both top-down and bottom-up approaches were extensively used, along with several data triangulation methods, to perform market estimation and market forecasting for the overall market segments and sub segments listed in this report. Extensive qualitative and further quantitative analysis is also done from all the numbers arrived at in the complete market engineering process to list key information throughout the report.

The study objectives are: To analyze and research the Anti-Ageing Drugs status and future forecast in United States, European Union and China, involving sales, value (revenue), growth rate (CAGR), market share, historical and forecast. To present the key Anti-Ageing Drugs manufacturers, presenting the sales, revenue, market share, and recent development for key players. To split the breakdown data by regions, type, companies and applications To analyze the global and key regions market potential and advantage, opportunity and challenge, restraints and risks. To identify significant trends, drivers, influence factors in global and regions To analyze competitive developments such as expansions, agreements, new product launches, and acquisitions in the market

In this study, the years considered to estimate the market size of Anti-Ageing Drugs are as follows: History Year: 2014-2018 Base Year: 2018 Estimated Year: 2019 Forecast Year 2019 to 2025

Table of Contents

1 Report Overview1.1 Study Scope1.2 Key Market Segments1.3 Players Covered1.4 Market Analysis by Type1.4.1 Global Anti-Ageing Drugs Market Size Growth Rate by Type (2014-2025)1.4.2 Topical Products1.4.3 Botulinum1.4.4 Dermal Fillers1.4.5 Chemical Peels1.4.6 Microabrasion Equipment1.4.7 Laser Surfacing Treatments1.5 Market by Application1.5.1 Global Anti-Ageing Drugs Market Share by Application (2014-2025)1.5.2 Hospitals1.5.3 Dermatology Clinics1.6 Study Objectives1.7 Years Considered

2 Global Growth Trends2.1 Anti-Ageing Drugs Market Size2.2 Anti-Ageing Drugs Growth Trends by Regions2.2.1 Anti-Ageing Drugs Market Size by Regions (2014-2025)2.2.2 Anti-Ageing Drugs Market Share by Regions (2014-2019)2.3 Industry Trends2.3.1 Market Top Trends2.3.2 Market Drivers2.3.3 Market Opportunities

3 Market Share by Key Players3.1 Anti-Ageing Drugs Market Size by Manufacturers3.1.1 Global Anti-Ageing Drugs Revenue by Manufacturers (2014-2019)3.1.2 Global Anti-Ageing Drugs Revenue Market Share by Manufacturers (2014-2019)3.1.3 Global Anti-Ageing Drugs Market Concentration Ratio (CR5 and HHI)3.2 Anti-Ageing Drugs Key Players Head office and Area Served3.3 Key Players Anti-Ageing Drugs Product/Solution/Service3.4 Date of Enter into Anti-Ageing Drugs Market3.5 Mergers & Acquisitions, Expansion Plans

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US Biotherapeutics Cell Line Market Insights and Forecast 2020 to 2025 - Cole of Duty

The global bioprinting market should reach $1.4 billion by 2024 from $306.2 million in 2019 at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 35.4% for the period 2019 to 2024.

Report Scope:

This new BCC Research report on the topic Current Bioprinting Prospects and Future Innovations offers a detailed perspective on bioprinting technology, its current market and future prospects. The report provides a comprehensive analysis of the trending applications of bioprinting in the market in the global context, including market forecasts and sales through 2024. The report is focused on the analysis of the bioprinting market by various product types, regions and applications.

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The products that matter the most, i.e., instruments (bioprinters), reagents (bioinks), 3D cell culture products, and software and services, are discussed and analyzed. Each of these segments are sub-divided into different types (as detailed later). The emphasis is on the printing instruments, reagents, tissue products, skin substitutes, etc. The report also highlights the popular and emerging applications of bioprinting in the clinical and research domains. The end user markets, i.e., research and development, cosmetics, drug discovery, clinical and others, are analyzed in this report. Other end user markets include chemical, agrochemical, educational, hobbyist and veterinary applications. This study includes a survey of the bioprinting market in all geographic regions, including North America, Europe, and Emerging markets. The Emerging markets include regions like India, China, Korea, Taiwan, Africa, Australia, New Zealand, Canada, Latin America, among others.

The report elaborates on the critical issues and challenges facing the bioprinting industry as well as emerging trends in bioprinting technologies. It additionally features the new developments and new product launches in the global market.

The new BCC report provides relevant patent analysis and comprehensive profiles of market players in the industry. The industry structure chapter focuses on changing market trends, important manufacturers/suppliers, their market shares and product offerings. The chapter also covers mergers and acquisitions and any other collaborations or partnerships that happened during the evaluation period of this report that are expected to shape the industry.

Factors such as the strengths, weaknesses, threats and opportunities that are expected to play a role in the evolution of the bioprinting market are also evaluated. Any regulatory changes or new initiatives are highlighted explicitly.

Excluded from this report is medical 3D printing, which focuses on nonliving materials used in medical devices. Examples of medical devices that are not covered include treatment models, surgical tools and guides, prosthetics, dental restorations and crowns, and surgical implants.

Report Includes:

85 data tables and 27 additional tables Comprehensive analysis of the bioprinting technologies and their trending applications in the market at a global scale Analyses of the global market trends with data from 2017 to 2018, estimates for 2019, and projections of compound annual growth rates (CAGRs) through 2024 Segmentation of the global market by technologies and products, notably instruments (bioprinters), reagents (bioinks), 3D cell culture products, and software and services Focus on the popular and emerging applications of bioprinting in the clinical and research domains Regional dynamics of bioprinting technologies covering North America, Europe and Other emerging markets including India, China, Korea, Taiwan, Africa, Australia, New Zealand, Canada, Latin America etc. Discussion of new developments and new product launches in the global bioprinting market A relevant patent analysis Company profiles of market players in the industry, including 3Dynamic Systems Ltd., Aspect Biosystems, GeSiM, n3D Biosciences Inc., Organovo Holdings Inc., Prellis Biologics Inc. and regenHU Ltd.

Summary

Bioprinting is a form of additive manufacturing technology, that can be used to fabricate biomimicking 3D tissue constructs and organs. The reliability and accuracy offered by these 3D tissue structures and organ constructs have made them highly attractive for a number of applications. The use of stem cells in bioprinting has significant prospects in the area of personalized medicine, to develop customized tissues/organs for repair or for the fabrication of personalized 3D tissue models for drug toxicity testing.

There is a huge unmet demand for organs. Bioprinting of 3D organs has the potential to reduce the endless wait lists of organ donations and revolutionize the medical industry. Though a number of studies are going on catering to the development of fully, functional organs by bioprinting, a number of challenges remain. These pertain to the fabrication of complex tissues with multiple cell types, the issue of resolution, and the incorporation of vascularization, among other factors.

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Despite these challenges, 3D bioprinting has undergone extensive progress and is used in many other applications. The 3D tissues being biofabricated can be used for tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. From the treatment of wounds (3D skin tissues), to craniomaxillofacial repair and orthopedic reconstructive surgeries (bone grafts), to the vascular grafts used to treat the growing number of heart disease patientsthese are just some of the potential clinical applications of bioprinting. In addition, in situ bioprinters that have the ability to treat the wounds/injuries by directly printing cells at a wound site are also gaining immense popularity.

One of the main drivers of the bioprinting market are the applications of 3D tissue constructs and biofabricated organ-on-chips for in vitro drug testing. The pharmaceutical industry is constrained by a high rate of drug failures at the clinical stage. Bioprinted 3D models reproduce natural tissues very closely and, therefore, are ideal materials for in vitro drug testing and other preclinical testing studies. The potential of 3D tissues to alleviate the burden on animal testing is another reason for their increased popularity. Poietis recently launched the biofabricated skin tissue, Poieskin, which can be used for cosmetic testing applications. Moreover, a multitude research organizations and universities aredeveloping 3D tissue models for disease modeling, drug research and cancer studies, among others.

The bioprinting market is propelled by innovations in bioprinting technologies and products encompassing bioprinters, bioinks, software, and 3D tissue products. The number of U.S. patents issued in 2018 (through November 4, 2018) in the field of bioprinting increased to 38, from a total of 27 in 2017. The highest number of patents were issued in the category of 3D cell culture products followed by the bioinks segment. Strategic collaborations and partnerships among research institutes and bioprinting companies along with interested partners from the pharmaceuticals and cosmetics sectors are supporting the growth of bioprinting market in a big way. Other factors driving the growth of the bioprinting market include increased government grants, the rising interest of private venture capitalists supporting several bioprinting start-ups, and the increasing healthcare burden.

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Bioprinting Market Insights on Scope the COVID-19 3w Market News Reports - 3rd Watch News

The concept of a vampire predates Bram Stokers tales of Count Dracula probably by several centuries. But did vampires ever really exist?

In 1819, 80 years before the publication of Dracula, John Polidori, an Anglo-Italian physician, published a novel called The Vampire. Stokers novel, however, became the benchmark for our descriptions of vampires. But how and where did this concept develop? It appears that the folklore surrounding the vampire phenomenon originated in that Balkan area where Stoker located his tale of Count Dracula.

Stoker never travelled to Transylvania or any other part of Eastern Europe. (The lands held by the fictional count would be in modern-day Romania and Hungary.)

The writer was born and brought up in Dublin. He was a friend to Oscar Wilde and William Gladstone. He was both a Liberal and a home-ruler in favour of home rule for Ireland. He turned to theatre, and became business manager of the Lyceum Theatre in London. It was his friendship with Armin Vambery, a Hungarian writer, that led to his fascination with vampire folklore. He consulted Vambery in the writing of Dracula, whose main character was loosely fashioned on Vlad the Impaler, a bloodthirsty prince born in Transylvania in 1431.

But where did the myth of vampires come from? Like many myths, it is based partly in fact. A blood disorder called porphyria, which has has been with us for millennia, became prevalent among the nobility and royalty of Eastern Europe. Porphyria is an inherited blood disorder that causes the body to produce less heme a critical component of hemoglobin, the protein in red blood cells that carries oxygen from the lungs to the body tissues. It seems likely that this disorder is the origin of the vampire myth. In fact, porphyria is sometimes referred to as the vampyre disease.

Consider the symptoms of patients with porphyria:

Sensitivity to sunlight: Extreme sensitivity to sunlight, leading to facial disfigurement, blackened skin and hair growth.

Fangs: In addition to facial disfigurement, repeated attacks of the disease causes the gums to recede, exposing the teeth, which then look like fangs.

Blood drinking: Because the urine of persons with porphyria is dark red, folklore surmised that they were drinking blood. In fact, some physicians had recommended that these patients drink blood to compensate for the defect in their red blood cells but this recommendation was for animal blood. It is more likely that these patients, who only went out after dark, were judged to be looking for blood, and their fangs led to folk tales about vampires.

Aversion to garlic: The sulfur content of garlic could lead to an attack of porphyria, leading to very acute pain. Thus, the aversion to garlic.

Reflections not seen in mirrors: In the mythology, a vampire is not able to look in a mirror, or cannot see its reflection. The facial disfigurement caused by porphyria becomes worse with time. Poor oxygenation leads to destruction of facial tissues, and collapse of the facial structure. Patients understandably avoided mirrors.

Fear of the crucifix: During the Spanish Inquisition (1478-1834), 600 vampires were reportedly burned at the stake. Some of these accused vampires were innocent sufferers of porphyria. Porphyria patients had good reason to fear the Christian faith and Christian symbols.

Acute attacks of the disease are associated with considerable pain, and both mental and physical disturbance. This condition has been ascribed to the English King George III, although subsequent analysis has shed some doubt on porphyria as the cause of his madness.

Nowadays, with our scientific knowledge of porphyria, instead of fearing these folks, we can love and care for them. Porphyria remains incurable, and treatment is mainly supportive: pain control, fluids and avoidance of drugs and chemicals that provoke acute attacks. Some success has been achieved with stem cell transplants.

Could Stoker have known of the existence of porphyria, and/or its link to vampire folklore? It was only in 1911, eight years before Stokers book appeared, that the diseases of porphyria (there are several types) were classified by H. Gunther. However, physician, researcher and author George Harley had described a patient with porphyria a few years earlier.

Through his gothic novel, Stoker surely wins the prize for the best example of myth entangled with medicine!

This story is an edited excerpt from the book Of Plagues and Vampires: Believable Myths and Unbelievable Facts from Medical Practice by Michael Hefferon.

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Vampire myths originated with a real blood disorder - The Conversation CA

MOST people know breastfeeding is one of the best ways to help a baby thrive. And now it seems a mother's milk has beneficial effects even when her child reaches adulthood.

New University of Toronto research has found that if people genetically at risk of becoming obese are exclusively breastfed as a baby it can help ward off weight gain when they're young adults.

The study is part of a growing body of evidence about the benefits of breastfeeding yet the World Health Organisation says nearly two out of three infants aren't exclusively breastfed for the recommended six months a rate that hasn't improved in 20 years.

When asked, 80 per cent of the women who stopped breastfeeding before six months said they would have liked to continue for longer, but often lacked support and guidance.

"Our society is letting mothers down there needs to be much more investment in breastfeeding support and education," says NCT breastfeeding counsellor Cordelia Uys, a breastfeeding expert for the holistic new mums' wellness app Biamother (biamother.com).

"Breastfeeding confers numerous health protections on both mother and child and creates a strong sense of emotional connection. In addition, for a mother to see her baby growing and thriving on her milk can be one of the most satisfying and rewarding experiences of her life."

Here, Uys outlines ten surprising breastfeeding facts...

1. Breast milk is personalised medicine

There are numerous antiviral and antibacterial properties in breast milk that protect a baby from infection. These infection-fighting properties are being continually updated in response to the mother and baby's environment. When a mother's body encounters a new germ, her mature immune system will deploy millions of white blood cells to fight it off and quickly pass them on to her baby via her milk.

2. Breast milk contains stem cells

Every time a mother breastfeeds her baby, stem cells in her breast milk cross the baby's gut and into their blood, and then travel to all the baby's organs, including their brain. These stem cells are capable of becoming functioning cells all over the infant's body. It's believed they can boost and support the infant's optimal development and protect them against infectious diseases.

3. Breastfeeding has to be learned

Many people think breastfeeding will come naturally to mothers, but in fact, for all female apes, breastfeeding is a learned behaviour. A juvenile female gorilla in Ohio Zoo, having been separated from her mother at a young age, had no idea how to feed her first baby. But during her second pregnancy, zookeepers had the inspired idea of asking human mothers to regularly breastfeed their babies in front of her. When her second baby was born, the gorilla immediately picked it up and put it to the breast.

In the past, human mothers would have learned how to breastfeed by watching relatives and friends. For this reason, it's a good idea for pregnant women who want to breastfeed, to spend some time with a friend who's successfully nursing her baby. The National Breastfeeding Helpline and apps can also offer advice on breastfeeding.

4. Over 95 per cent of women can produce all the milk their baby needs

The vast majority of women can make all the milk their baby needs and, contrary to popular belief, the size of a woman's breasts doesn't impact the volume of milk she can produce.

Milk production depends entirely on supply and demand: in the early months, milk needs to be removed effectively from both her breasts at least eight times in 24 hours for a mother's supply to be established and maintained. By far the most common reason for low milk supply is under-stimulation of a mother's breasts, either because her baby isn't feeding frequently enough or isn't removing milk effectively.

5. Breastfeeding acts as a natural painkiller

Breast milk contains natural painkillers called endocannabinoids. Breastfeeding before and during vaccination injections has been shown to reduce pain in babies.

6. Breastfeeding protects mothers against breast cancer

The Tanka Fisherwomen of Southern China traditionally only breastfeed their babies from their right breast. In the early 1970s, a medical student at a Hong Kong clinic noticed that if Tanka women developed breast cancer, in 79 per cent of cases, it was in their left breast. It was this observation that led to the discovery that breastfeeding is protective against breast cancer.

7. Breastfeeding shouldn't hurt

Pain is there to tell us something is wrong, and this is true for breastfeeding too. Pain and damage happen when a mother's nipple isn't positioned correctly in her baby's mouth. In the majority of cases, when a baby is well-positioning and deeply latched, breastfeeding will be completely comfortable. If breastfeeding hurts, it's important to seek out qualified support as soon as possible.

8. The temperature of a mother's breasts adapts to her baby's needs

A mother's breasts can warm up by 2C if the baby is too cold, and cool down by 2C if the baby is too hot. In fact, it has been shown that when newborn twins are placed in skin-to-skin contact with their mother, each of her breasts will heat up to a different temperature according to each baby's needs. This is called thermal synchrony.

9. Breastfeeding mothers get more sleep

Studies have shown breastfeeding mothers sleep on average 45 minutes more a night than mothers who formula feed. Human milk contains substances that promote sleep and calmness in babies. Mothers release the hormone prolactin into their own blood while breastfeeding, which helps them to fall asleep more easily.

10. Breastfeeding is carbon neutral

When a mother is breastfeeding, there is zero waste and no carbon emissions. Research at Imperial College London has shown breastfeeding for six months saves an estimated 95-153kg CO2 equivalent per baby compared with formula feeding.

:: National Breastfeeding Helpline (nationalbreastfeedinghelpline.org.uk): 0300 100 0212

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10 surprising facts about breastfeeding - The Irish News - The Irish News