Do Brows Grow Back? It Depends But Here’s What You Can Do To Help – mindbodygreen.com

By daniellenierenberg

In short: sometimes. As much as wed like to give you a straight answer, hair loss and regrowth (on any part of the body) is a tricky thing thats influenced by many factors. However, heres what we know about eyebrow hair.

First up, if you want to see what your full regrowth is, it takes time: Generally, 4-6 weeks is when you'll experience what most brow specialists refer to as a full regrowth, however, there are people who tend to see growth up to 8-10 weeks. Then there are those who see very nominal growth beyond. I've had certain clients who we've been patient with letting their brows grow in and over the course of a year they saw little bits come in very slowly that were small, brow expert Joey Healy tells us. The majority of your regrowth will be seen in 4-6 weeks, sometimes 8."

So if youve given your strands a good several weeks to do their thing, and you are still seeing gaps, thinner areas, or the like, are they gone forever? Unfortunately, maybe. Repeatedly pulling out hairvia wax or tweezersis hard on the follicle. Do this too much, and the follicle becomes damaged and dies. Once that happens, the hair will never be able to grow back.

"Brows can thin over time as we age, but oftentimes brows thin even more as a result of over-plucking or over-tweezing," board-certified dermatologist Whitney Bowe, M.D. has previously told mbg. "Plucking, tweezing, threading, and waxing all pull the hair from the root, and there's only so much trauma each root can take. Repeating these insults to our hair root over time increase the likelihood that some hairs will never regrow, as too much damage has been done to the base of the root where the stem cells live."

So this means if you've been shaping your brows months, years, or decadesthere might not be much you can really do to turn back the clock.

Most people are surprised to learn that their brows have real limitations of regrowth, especially if you've been shaping your brows for a long period of time, saysHealy. You might be surprised how wimpy the new growth is even after waiting 8-10 weeks so yes, there is value to seeing what their maximum capacity is, but letting them regrow does not mean they are going to be back to the natural brows of your youth or they are not going to return to the natural brows you had before you starting shaping them.

Another issue is scar tissue, notes Healy: Know that hair will not grow on a burn or a scar either. For example, if you had a brow piercing or trauma to the skin that created a scar, no amount of time is going to cover that because the hair follicle is compromised when the brow is scarred.

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June 15th, 2020

Sure, Bit Bio got some significant cash for its cell coding work. But it’s the insiders who are backing them that will garner the attention -…

By daniellenierenberg

You can count the R&D execs at AbbVie among the believers in Genmabs bispecific platform tech.

Moving beyond the Allergan buyout, AbbVie refocused on its cancer drug pipeline, shelling out $750 million in cash and promising up to $3.15 billion more in milestones 60% for development and regulatory goals to ally itself on a slate of 7 development and discovery programs.

At the front of the queue is the early-stage drug epcoritamab, a CD3xCD20 bispecific from its DuoBody collection. Theres also DuoHexaBody-CD37 and DuoBody-CD3x5T4. And then AbbVie gets to pick and choose from among the discovery work at Genmab for 4 more, with AbbVie adding in its own contributions in the pairing up to come.

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June 14th, 2020

Calquence showed long-term efficacy and tolerability for patients with chronic lymphocytic leukaemia in two trials | Vaccines | News Channels -…

By daniellenierenberg

DetailsCategory: VaccinesPublished on Saturday, 13 June 2020 12:40Hits: 488

ACE-CL-001 trial showed an overall response rate of 97% with a sustained safety profile for previously untreated patients after more than four years

In pivotal ASCEND trial, 82% of patients with relapsed or refractory disease treated with Calquence remained progression free at 18 months vs. 48% for comparators

LONDON, UK I June 12, 2020 I Detailed results from both the Phase II ACE-CL-001 trial and the pivotal Phase III ASCEND trial showed the long-term efficacy and tolerability of Calquence (acalabrutinib) in chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL), one of the most common types of adult leukaemia.1,2,3

The results will be presented during the Virtual Edition of the 25th European Hematology Association (EHA) Annual Congress, 11 to 14 June 2020.

In the single-arm ACE-CL-001 trial, 86% of CLL patients treated with Calquence as a 1st-line monotherapy remained on treatment at a median follow up of more than four years. The trial showed an overall response rate of 97% (7% complete response; 90% partial response) and a 100% overall response rate in subgroups of patients with high-risk disease characteristics, including genomic aberrations (17p deletion and TP53 mutation), immunoglobulin mutation status (unmutated IGHV), and complex karyotype. Safety findings showed no new long-term issues.1,4

In the final analysis of ASCEND, an estimated 82% of patients with relapsed or refractory CLL treated with Calquence remained alive and free from disease progression at 18 months compared with 48% of patients on rituximab combined with idelalisib or bendamustine.2 The trial previously met the primary endpoint of Independent Review Committee-assessed progression-free survival at the interim analysis.5

Richard R. Furman, Director of the CLL Research Center, Weill Cornell Medicine said: These data demonstrate no new safety concerns for acalabrutinib, confirming its ability to safely provide meaningful, long-term clinical benefit for patients with treatment-naive and relapsed or refractory disease. The safety profile of acalabrutinib makes treatment to progression an important and plausible option for patients.

Jos Baselga, Executive Vice President, Oncology R&D said: These long-term data reaffirm that Calquence delivers a durable response with a favourable safety profile for chronic lymphocytic leukaemia patients. Patients with chronic lymphocytic leukaemia are typically 70 years or older with comorbidities and often require treatment over a long time, making the sustained safety and efficacy profile highly relevant to their quality of life.

Results from the Phase II ACE-CL-001 trial informed the development of the pivotal Phase III ELEVATE TN trial, which, along with findings from the Phase III ASCEND trial, formed the basis for the US approval of Calquence for the treatment of patients with CLL or small lymphocytic lymphoma (SLL).

Calquence in previously untreated CLL: 4.4-year follow-up from Phase II trial (abstract #S163)

The Phase II ACE-CL-001 trial investigated safety and efficacy of Calquence (100mg twice-daily [n=62] or 200mg once-daily [n=37]) in previously untreated patients with CLL.1 On 1 May 2015, patients receiving the 200mg dosing regimen were switched to the 100mg regimen.1

Key data from the Calquence Phase II ACE-CL-001 trial1

CI, confidence interval; CR, complete response; DoR, duration of response; EFS, event free survival; TTR, time to response; NR, not reached; ORR, overall response rate; PR, partial response

Response rates were 100% in each subgroup of patients with high-risk disease characteristics (unmutated IGHV [n=57], 17p deletion [n=9], TP53 mutation [n=9], and complex karyotype [n=12]), and reduction in lymph node disease was noted in all patients tested (n=97).1

At the time of data cut-off, 85 (86%) patients receiving Calquence remained on treatment. Six patients discontinued treatment due to adverse events (AEs) and three patients discontinued for progressive disease (PD). No patient discontinued Calquence due to bleeding events, hypertension, or atrial fibrillation. Incidence of AEs generally diminished with time on the trial. The most common AEs (40%) of any grade in the trial were diarrhoea (52%), headache (45%), upper respiratory tract infection (44%), arthralgia (42%), and contusion (42%). All-grade and Grade 3 events of clinical interest included infection (84% and 15%, respectively), bleeding events (66%, 3%), hypertension (22%, 11%), leukopenia (9%, 9%), and thrombocytopenia (3%, 1%). Atrial fibrillation (all grades) occurred in 5% of patients with Grade 3 occurring in 2%. Second primary malignancies (SPM) excluding non-melanoma skin (all grades) occurred in 11% of patients.1 Serious adverse events (SAEs) were reported in 38% of patients. SAEs occurring in more than two patients included pneumonia (n=4) and sepsis (n=3).1

Final results of Calquence Phase III ASCEND trial in relapsed or refractory CLL (abstract #S159)

ASCEND was a global, randomised, multicentre, open-label, Phase III trial that investigated the efficacy and safety of Calquence (100mg twice-daily) versus investigators choice of rituximab combined with idelalisib (IdR) or bendamustine (BR) in patients with relapsed or refractory CLL.2

Key data from the final analysis of the Calquence Phase III ASCEND trial2

BR, rituximab in combination with bendamustine; CI, confidence interval, DoR, duration of response; HR, hazard ratio; IdR, rituximab in combination with idelalisib; INV, investigator; NR, not reached; ORR, overall response rate; OS, overall survival; PFS, progression-free survival

Sixteen per cent of patients on Calquence, 56% of patients on IdR, and 17% of patients on BR discontinued treatment because of AEs. Common AEs occurring in greater than 15% of patients of any grade in the Calquence arm of the trial included headache (22%), neutropenia (21%), diarrhoea (20%), upper respiratory tract infection (20%), cough (16%), and anaemia (16%). Events of clinical interest for Calquence versus controls included atrial fibrillation (all grade, 6% and 3%, respectively), major haemorrhage (all grade, 3% in both arms), infections (Grade 3, 20% and 25%, respectively), and SPM excluding non-melanoma skin cancer (all grade, 5% and 2%, respectively). SAEs (any grade) occurred in 33% of patients receiving Calquence, 56% of IdR patients, and 26% of BR patients.2

Chronic lymphocytic leukaemia

Chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL) is one of the most common types of leukaemia in adults, with an estimated 105,000 new cases globally in 2016 and 21,040 new cases in the US in 2020, and the number of people living with CLL is expected to grow with improved treatment as patients live longer with the disease.3,6,7,8 In CLL, too many blood stem cells in the bone marrow become abnormal lymphocytes and these abnormal cells have difficulty fighting infections.3 As the number of abnormal cells grows there is less room for healthy white blood cells, red blood cells, and platelets.3 This could result in anaemia, infection, and bleeding.3 B-cell receptor signalling through Brutons tyrosine kinase is one of the essential growth pathways for CLL.

Calquence

Calquence(acalabrutinib) is a next-generation, selective inhibitor of Brutons tyrosine kinase (BTK).Calquencebinds covalently to BTK, thereby inhibiting its activity.4,9 In B-cells, BTK signaling results in activation of pathways necessary for B-cell proliferation, trafficking, chemotaxis, and adhesion.4

Calquenceis approved for the treatment of adult patients with chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL) in nine countries and for adult patients with mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) who have received at least one prior therapy in 14 countries. The US MCL indication is approved under accelerated approval based on overall response rate. Continued approval for this indication may be contingent upon verification and description of clinical benefit in confirmatory trials. As part of an extensive clinical development programme, AstraZeneca and Acerta Pharma are currently evaluatingCalquencein 23 company-sponsored clinical trials.Calquenceis being developed for the treatment of multiple B-cell blood cancers including CLL, MCL, diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, Waldenstrm macroglobulinaemia, follicular lymphoma, and other haematologic malignancies.

AstraZeneca in haematology

Leveraging its strength in oncology, AstraZeneca has established haematology as one of four key oncology disease areas of focus. The Companys haematology franchise includes two US FDA-approved medicines and a robust global development programme for a broad portfolio of potential blood cancer treatments. Acerta Pharma serves as AstraZenecas haematology research and development arm. AstraZeneca partners with like-minded science-led companies to advance the discovery and development of therapies to address unmet need.

AstraZeneca in oncology

AstraZeneca has a deep-rooted heritage in oncology and offers a quickly growing portfolio of new medicines that has the potential to transform patients' lives and the Company's future. With six new medicines launched between 2014 and 2020, and a broad pipeline of small molecules and biologics in development, the Company is committed to advance oncology as a key growth driver for AstraZeneca focused on lung, ovarian, breast and blood cancers. In addition to AstraZeneca's main capabilities, the Company is actively pursuing innovative partnerships and investments that accelerate the delivery of our strategy, as illustrated by the investment in Acerta Pharma in haematology.

By harnessing the power of four scientific platforms - Immuno-Oncology, Tumour Drivers and Resistance, DNA Damage Response and Antibody Drug Conjugates - and by championing the development of personalised combinations, AstraZeneca has the vision to redefine cancer treatment and one day eliminate cancer as a cause of death.

AstraZeneca

AstraZeneca (LSE/STO/NYSE: AZN) is a global, science-led biopharmaceutical company that focuses on the discovery, development and commercialisation of prescription medicines, primarily for the treatment of diseases in three therapy areas - Oncology, Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism, and Respiratory & Immunology. Based in Cambridge, UK, AstraZeneca operates in over 100 countries and its innovative medicines are used by millions of patients worldwide. Please visitastrazeneca.comand follow the Company on Twitter@AstraZeneca.

Media

For details on how to contact the Investor Relations Team, please click here. For Media contacts, click here.

References

1. Byrd JC, et al. Acalabrutinib in Treatment-Nave Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia: Mature Results From Phase 2 Study Demonstrating Durable Remissions and Long-Term Tolerability. Abstract S163 presented at the Virtual Edition of the 15th European Hematology Association (EHA) Annual Meeting. Available online. Accessed June 2020.

2. Ghia P, et al. Acalabrutinib (Acala) vs Idelalisib plus Rituximab (IdR) or Bendamustine plus Rituximab (BR) in Relapsed/Refractory (R/R) Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (CLL): ASCEND Final Results. Abstract S159 presented at the Virtual Edition of the 15th European Hematology Association (EHA) Annual Meeting. Available online. Accessed June 2020.

3. National Cancer Institute. Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia Treatment (PDQ)Patient Version. Available online. Accessed June 2020.

4.Calquence(acalabrutinib) [prescribing information]. Wilmington, DE; AstraZeneca Pharmaceuticals LP; 2019.

5. Ghia P, et al. ASCEND Phase 3 Study of Acalabrutinib vs Investigators Choice of Rituximab Plus Idelalisib (IdR) or Bendamustine (BR) in Patients with Relapsed/Refractory (R/R) Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (CLL). Abstract LB2606 at the 2019 European Hematology Association (EHA) Annual Meeting. Available online. Accessed June 2020.

6. Global Burden of Disease Cancer Collaboration. Global, Regional, and National Cancer Incidence, Mortality, Years of Life Lost, Years Lived With Disability, and Disability-Adjusted Life-Years for 29 Cancer Groups, 1990 to 2016. JAMA Oncol. 2018;4(11):1553-1568.

7. American Cancer Society. Key Statistics for Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia. Available online. Accessed June 2020.

8. Jain N, et al. Prevalence and Economic Burden of Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (CLL) in the Era of Oral Targeted Therapies. Blood. 2015;126:871.

9. Wu J, Zhang M & Liu D. Acalabrutinib (ACP-196): a selective second-generation BTK inhibitor.J Hematol Oncol. 2016;9(21).

SOURCE: AstraZeneca

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June 14th, 2020

Poison hemlock and wild parsnip, A couple of bad actors – Commonwealth Journal’s History

By daniellenierenberg

This was reprinted with permission from Joe Boggs, OSU

Poison hemlock (Conium maculatum) and wild parsnip (Pastinaca sativa) are two of our nastiest non-native weeds found in Ohio. Poison hemlock is one of the deadliest plants in North America. Wild parsnip can produce severe, painful blistering. Both are commonly found growing together.

Poison hemlock and wild parsnip are members of the carrot family, Apiaceae. The old name for the family was Umbelliferae which refers to the umbel flowers. They are a key family feature with short flower stalks rising from a common point like the ribs on an umbrella.

Poison hemlock produces white flowers on stalks that create a more rounded look; perhaps a bit more like an umbrella. Wild parsnip has intense yellow flowers with the stalks producing a more flat-topped appearance.

Both are biennial weeds meaning that it takes two years for plants to produce seed. The seeds currently being produced will give rise to plants that spend their first year as low-growing basal rosettes. The plants produce a long, thick taproot while in this stage.

During their second year, plants "bolt" by producing erect, towering stalks and multi-branched stems topped with umbel flowers. Mature wild parsnip plants may top 6' tall while poison hemlock plants can tower to as much as 8 - 10' tall. Both are prolific seed producers

Wild parsnip plants have leaves that look vaguely like celery, another member of the carrot family. Mature plants have a single, thick, deeply grooved, greenish-yellow stem that sprouts lateral branches topped with flowers.

All stages of poison hemlock plants have bluish-green leaves that are 3-4 times pinnately compound. The deeply cut parsley-like leaflets have sharp points. Flowering plants have hairless, light-green to bluish-green stems that are covered with obvious reddish-purple blotches. However, the blotches may occasionally coalesce to cause stems to appear an almost solid color.

What are the Risks?

Poison hemlock plants contain highly toxic piperidine alkaloid compounds which cause respiratory failure and death in mammals. The roots are more toxic than the leaves and stems; however, all parts of the plant including the seeds should be considered dangerous.

The toxins must be ingested or enter through the eyes or nasal passages to induce poisoning; they do not cause skin rashes or blistering. Regardless, this plant should not be handled because sap on the skin can be rubbed into the eyes or accidentally ingested while handling food.

Wild parsnip sap contains psoralen which presents a completely different mode of action compared to the piperidine alkaloids in poison hemlock sap. Psoralen acts as a photosensitizing compound by inhibiting DNA synthesis in epidermal cells which kills these light-shielding cells responsible for protecting us from long-wave ultraviolet radiation (LWUVR) bombarding us in sunlight.

Severe blistering occurs when affected skin is exposed to LWUVR. The synergistic effect is called phytophotodermatitis (a.k.a. Berloque dermatitis) and the burn-like symptoms, as well as skin discoloration, may last for several months.

However, connecting skin blistering to exposure to wild parsnip sap can be a challenge. It takes around 24 hours for symptoms to first appear after exposure to LWURV and severe blistering typically doesn't peak until 48 -72 hours. The time required for symptoms to appear after exposure to the sap means the effect may be disconnected from the cause.

Another challenge with connecting the dots is that wild parsnip commonly grows in and around other weeds, particularly poison hemlock (Conium maculatum). Gardeners who are exposed to wild parsnip sap while weeding a mixed-patch may mistakenly blame the poison hemlock for their ultimate misery.

To Mow, or Not to Mow

The potential for poisonings from poison hemlock sap and the extreme skin reaction to the wild parsnip sap means these non-native invasive weeds should not be allowed to grow where they can be easily contacted by people. However, mechanical control through mowing, weed trimming, or hand-pulling is problematic. Certainly, wild parsnip presents a much higher risk with reports of sap spattered by mowers and string trimmers producing phytophotodermatitis on exposed arms and legs of equipment operators.

Still, mowing provides one option for managing poison hemlock and to a lesser degree wild parsnip. However, timing is everything: plants should be mowed in the spring once they've bolted but prior to the appearance of flowers. Waiting until after flowering presents a risk the cut flowers will still mature to seed.

Chemical Control: Case Study

A strong case can be made for herbicides providing the most effective and safest approach to managing both poison hemlock and wild parsnip.

Wild parsnip and poison hemlock are both susceptible to non-selective post-emergent herbicides such as glyphosate (e.g. Roundup). However, "non-selective" means all plants - both good and bad - may be killed and there is a considerable downside to killing the competition as well as the targeted weeds.

Post-emergent herbicides do not affect seeds. Thus, "herbicidal openings" that occur when all plants are killed provide the perfect opportunity for more wild parsnip and/or poison hemlock to spring forth from previously deposited seed. Thus, it's important to have a plan for establishing competitive plants after the wild parsnip dies off such as over-seeding with grasses.

Selective post-emergent herbicides that will preserve competitive plants, particularly grasses, while removing poison hemlock and wild parsnip include 2, 4-D, clorpyralid (e.g. Transline), metsulfuron (e.g. Escort XP), and some 2 and 3-way products such as Triamine (2,4-D + MCPA). However, timing is equally important. Apply after the spring emergence of the targeted weeds but before flowering.

For more information, contact the Pulaski County Extension Service at 606-679-6361. Learn about timely events or things to do in your home gardens by becoming a fan of Pulaski County Horticulture on Facebook, or following @hortagentbeth on Twitter, kyplants on Instagram, and Pulaski County Horticulture YouTube channel.

The Pulaski Co Extension office is open to the public by appointment only through the month of June. Extension employees are still on the job and can be reached via office phone. Read the entire directive on the Pulaski County Cooperative Extension website at pulaski.ca.uky.edu.

The Lake Cumberland Master Gardeners are temporarily out of pine straw. Another load will be coming soon.

Educational programs of Kentucky Cooperative Extension serve all people regardless of economic or social status and will not discriminate on the basis of race, color, ethnic origin, national origin, creed, religion, political belief, sex, sexual orientation, gender identity, gender expression, pregnancy, marital status, genetic information, age, veteran status, or physical or mental disability.

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June 14th, 2020

Irish dad with rare form of cancer would have died within a week if he didn’t go to hospital – Irish Mirror

By daniellenierenberg

When Eoin OBrien found out he had a rare form of cancer, he was told he would have died within a week had he not gone to hospital.

Now, five years on, the dad of four is remarkably free of the disease.

Eoins life changed in May 2015 when he went to A&E with chest pains.

He was diagnosed with Hodgkins lymphoma, which causes abnormal growth of cells in the lymphatic system.

Due to fluid build-up, Eoins heart would have suffocated within days had he not been treated.

And after half a decade of pain and suffering, he is finally in remission.

The news came on his wife Karens birthday, making it all the more special for the pair and their daughters Sophie, 13, Abbie, 11, Maddie, eight, and three-year-old Emelie.

Karen said: To say that that was the best news ever would be an understatement, I would rather be told that 10 times over than even win the lotto.

Eoin was only 31 when he was diagnosed following a hospital visit after he started getting pains in his chest.

Doctors drained three-and-a-half litres of fluid from his chest and found a tumour between his lungs and heart.

After his first round of chemo didnt work, Eoin found a lump on his neck.

He was started on a higher dose of chemo which was, in his wife Karens opinion, the hardest one on him.

She explained: Eoin got the moon-face, he got the cancer look. Darkness under the skin of his eyes and that.

The pair hoped this treatment was working but were disappointed again when doctors told them it hadnt.

Two years later in 2017, when Karen was pregnant with Emelie, Eoin still wasnt responding to treatments.

He was due to go into hospital after his daughter was born for a planned stem cell transplant which was later cancelled.

The pair fought to get Eoin immunotherapy, which slowed down but didnt cure his cancer.

In 2019, he was told he could get an allogeneic stem cell transplant from a donor. Karen explained: So on the 6th of November, which we now class as Eoins re-birthday, he was given the transplant and he became so, so bad.

Eoin was at the stage where he wanted to give up. He didnt want to live anymore, he didnt want to go through it anymore.

Results of a scan in February had alarming results which left the two terrified the cancer had spread.

Thankfully, it was only an infection.

Eoin was hospitalised for six weeks and due to the coronavirus, wasnt allowed outside or to have visitors.

In May, the pair were given the news his transplant worked.

Karen said: Theres been a lot of ups and a lot of downs but were finally out the other side, so hopefully we can look forward to many, many years cancer-free.

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June 14th, 2020

Vitamin C Face Serum – Triple Strength Anti Aging, Wrinkle & Brightening Facial Care – Antioxidant Rich, Hydrating, Softening & Even Skin Tone…

By daniellenierenberg

Vitamin C Face Serum Triple Strength Anti Aging, Wrinkle & Brightening Facial Care Antioxidant Rich, Hydrating, Softening & Even Skin Tone Treatment Made With Niacinamide & Glycolic Acid 1 oz Price, Features and Real Customers Reviews.

Check The Updated Price of Vitamin C Face Serum Triple Strength Anti Aging, Wrinkle & Brightening Facial Care Antioxidant Rich, Hydrating, Softening & Even Skin Tone Treatment Made With Niacinamide & Glycolic Acid 1 oz:

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June 14th, 2020

A definitive ranking of who will win MasterChef Australia 2020. – Mamamia

By daniellenierenberg

We are down to top nine of MasterChefAustralia 2020. That may seem like an odd point at which to call the winner. But hey, we're just that invested.

Below, I have compiled a list of whose unbalanced/under-seasoned/shallow-flavoured dish is going to send them home next; from Sunday night's all-in street-food elimination, right through to the finale.

No matter what happens on Masterchef, we'll always have Katy Perry. Relive the magic of her episode below. (Post continues.)

'Based on what?' I hear you ask.

Good question.

I could walk you through some highly advanced modelling based on past performance and predictive analytics, but I didn't actually do any of that.

Instead, I used a mix of womanly instinct, unashamed favouritism and a few spoilersfrom The Daily Mail.

So here we go. In a very particular order...

A forensic analysis of the promo for Sunday night's episode has led me to conclude that Khanh is going home next.

By which I mean they're setting it up to look like Emelia is going which means she definitely isn't, and there are lingering shots of Khanh, and the words 'fan favourite' are used.

AND the tabloids have reported that he doesn't make the top six... and... and... I just have a hunch.

Tessa is probably the most versatile cook in the joint.

Technically skilled, intuitive, knowledgeable. I don't anticipate a major stuff up sending her home.

She will likely only be felled by someone else pulling, as Andy would say, "a really cracking plate of food" out of their backside.

...will still be happy when he leaves, because he's Callum.

The mums of Australia, meanwhile, will be very sad because "he just seems like such a nice boy".

Sweet, Brendan. You are too good for reality television.

Run, run far away. (Preferably towards my house, say, around dinner time...)

This one will hurt most of all.

But at least we will get an uplifting montage of his best moments; like that time he hid beneath his bench when Katy Perry approached, and that time he won two challenges in a row and someone said, "It's Reece week" and he replied "Oh my god, it IS Reece week."

That was fun.

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A definitive ranking of who will win MasterChef Australia 2020. - Mamamia

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June 13th, 2020

I thought it was just a rash but rare cancer now covers 90% of my skin splitting my hands and feet open – The Sun

By daniellenierenberg

WHEN Tony Ferreira developed a small skin rash on his lower back - he assumed it would be gone in a few days.

And given the dad-of-one, 40, had always been fit and healthy, the last thing to cross his mind was that it could be cancer.

However, Tony's worst fears became a reality when the rash rapidly spread across his body - causing his feet and hands to split open.

Doctors soon diagnosed the gardener, from Jersey, with a rare form of non-Hodgkin lymphoma called Sezary syndrome - which has now affected about 90 per cent of his body.

Desperate to keep her husband alive, Tony's wife Osvalda is now pleading for a stem cell donor to come forward and save his life.

She said: "We pray that a stranger will help us to continue our lives together for many years to come."

We pray that a stranger will help us to continue our lives together for many years to come

Tony's nightmare first begun in 2012, when he noticed a small rash on his lower back which did not go away.

The rash quickly developed - causing his hands and feet would split open - and Tony then noticed lumps in his groin and under his arms.

Five years on, in 2017, medics diagnosed Tony, originally from Madeira, with a rare form of non-Hodgkin lymphoma called Sezary syndrome.

The condition causes white blood cells to become cancerous and aggressively attack the skin.

About 90 per cent of Tony's body is now affected by the rare cancer, and his best chance of survival is blood stem cell donation.

His wife is now desperately hoping a stem cell donor will come forward.

The charity DKMS is co-ordinating the worldwide search for a donor, but Tony's Portuguese heritage is making it much more difficult for him to find a match.

Tony's parents and four siblings have been checked as a potential match, but none are suitable.

In March, Tony's doctors decided to treat him with a new anti-cancer chemotherapy drug (mogamulizumab) but the trial was then delayed due to the Covid-19 pandemic.

Osvalda, who worked as a housekeeper for a care home in Jersey, had been keeping the family afloat financially, but was then advised to take temporary leave due to the risk she might contract Covid-19 and pass it on to her husband.

She said: "Tony's condition is bad enough, but for thousands of patients living with cancer in the UK, Covid-19 has delayed many treatments.

"We're not sure yet when we can begin travelling to London for treatment or what the new normal will look like.

"I long to hold Tony's hands again, without his protective gloves on.

What is Sezary syndrome?

Sezary syndrome is an aggressive form of cutaneous T-cell lymphoma which is a group of disorders that occur when T-cells (a type of white blood cell) become cancerous and affect the skin.

It is characterised by a widespread red rash that may cover most of the body, the presence of cancerous T cells (called Sezary cells) in the blood, and abnormally enlarged lymph nodes.

Although Sezary syndrome can affect people of all ages, it is most commonly diagnosed in adults over age 60.

The signs and symptoms of this condition can vary but may include:

Affected people may also have an increased risk of developing anotherlymphomaor other type ofcancer.

The exact cause of Sezary syndrome is currently unknown.

Source: Rare Diseases

Treatment varies based on the signs and symptoms present in each person and the severity of the condition.

"Tony has been wearing his blue plastic gloves so long now that I've almost forgotten how his hands feel without them.

"He has such strong hands and holding them would reassure me that everything is going to be all right."

Jonathan Pearce, chief executive officer at DKMS UK, said the charity had seen a 50 per cent drop in the number of people coming forward to be donors due to coronavirus.

He added: "We are hugely concerned about the impact Covid-19 is having on those who rely on a blood stem cell donor.

"While many stem cell transplants are still going ahead, the logistics around supporting blood stem cell donors to travel to hospital, and then arranging the transport of the stem cells to the transplant centre, have become much more challenging and complex.

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"There are also transplants that have been delayed, but once the pandemic is over we know there will be a backlog of patients in urgent need of an unrelated blood stem cell donor.

"Sadly though, in some of those cases there's a risk that the disease could progress further, and a transplant may no longer be possible once this is all over."

People can register for a swab kit here.

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I thought it was just a rash but rare cancer now covers 90% of my skin splitting my hands and feet open - The Sun

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June 13th, 2020

Ancient crocodiles used to walk on two feet, new footprints reveal – News Landed

By daniellenierenberg

A new finding in South Korea reveals that the ancestors to the modern crocodile walked on two legs. The 106-million-year-old fossilized foot impressions of the crocodylomorph suggest that the ancient reptile was 2 to 3 meters long, as the researchers published in the journal Scientific Reports.

Professor Kyung Soo Kim and his team from the Chinju National University of Education found the footprints and skin traces at the Sacheon Jahye-ri site of theJinju Formation. The team was able to conclude that the creatures must have been bi-pedal, as there were no hand impressions or front feet impressions present at the site.

The footprints were initially thought to be made by a giant bipedal pterosaur walking on the mudflat, we now understand that these were bipedal crocodile prints, said University of Queenslands Dr. Anthony Romilio. The footprints measure around 21 cm, suggesting the track-makers had legs about the same height as human adult legs. These were long animals that we estimate were over 3 m in length. Source: Sci News.

Read Also: Human embryo model grown from stem cells by scientists for the first time

The newly found tracks were named Batrachopus grandis, in comparison to the smaller Batrachopus type tracks.

Previous discoveries have also hinted that ancient crocodiles could have been bi-pedal. One example was the skeletal reconstructions ofCarnufex carolinensis, an ancient croc that walked 231 million years ago, according to Science News. However, these footprints are concrete proof that ancient crocodiles used to walk on two limbs.

These types of findings are crucial in learning about past life on our planet, even helping us better interpret other dinosaur fossils.

Do you want to publish on Apple News, Google News, and more?Join our writing community,improve your writing skills, and be read by hundreds of thousands around the world!

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June 13th, 2020

Exosome Therapeutic Market 2020 Analysis, Trends, Opportunity, Size And Segment | Leading Players evox THERAPEUTICS, EXOCOBIO, Exopharm, AEGLE…

By daniellenierenberg

Global Exosome Therapeutic Market report is of huge importance when it is about building business strategy by identifying the high growth and attractive market categories. This report assists to design capital investment strategies based on forecasted high potential segments. With this market report, it becomes simple and easy to develop competitive strategy based on competitive landscape. Moreover, potential business partners, acquisition targets and business buyers can be identified by using this Exosome Therapeutic Market research report. To plan for a new product launch and inventory in advance, this business report provides several useful insights.

Get Sample PDF (including COVID19 Impact Analysis) of Market Report @https://www.databridgemarketresearch.com/request-a-sample/?dbmr=global-exosome-therapeutic-market&rp

Market Analysis and Insights:Global Exosome Therapeutic Market

Exosome therapeutic market is expected to gain market growth in the forecast period of 2019 to 2026. Data Bridge Market Research analyses that the market is growing with a CAGR of 21.9% in the forecast period of 2019 to 2026 and expected to reach USD 31,691.52 million by 2026 from USD 6,500.00 million in 2018. Increasing prevalence of lyme disease, chronic inflammation, autoimmune disease and other chronic degenerative diseases are the factors for the market growth.

The major players covered in the Exosome Therapeutic Market report are evox THERAPEUTICS, EXOCOBIO, Exopharm, AEGLE Therapeutics, United Therapeutics Corporation, Codiak BioSciences, Jazz Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Boehringer Ingelheim International GmbH, ReNeuron Group plc, Capricor Therapeutics, Avalon Globocare Corp., CREATIVE MEDICAL TECHNOLOGY HOLDINGS INC., Stem Cells Group among other players domestic and global. Exosome therapeutic market share data is available for Global, North America, Europe, Asia-Pacific, and Latin America separately. DBMR analysts understand competitive strengths and provide competitive analysis for each competitor separately.

Get Full TOC, Tables and Figures of Market Report @https://www.databridgemarketresearch.com/toc/?dbmr=global-exosome-therapeutic-market&rp

Exosomes are used to transfer RNA, DNA, and proteins to other cells in the body by making alteration in the function of the target cells. Increasing research activities in exosome therapeutic is augmenting the market growth as demand for exosome therapeutic has increased among healthcare professionals.

Increased number of exosome therapeutics as compared to the past few years will accelerate the market growth. Companies are receiving funding for exosome therapeutic research and clinical trials. For instance, In September 2018, EXOCOBIO has raised USD 27 million in its series B funding. The company has raised USD 46 million as series a funding in April 2017. The series B funding will help the company to set up GMP-compliant exosome industrial facilities to enhance production of exosomes to commercialize in cosmetics and pharmaceutical industry.

Increasing demand for anti-aging therapies will also drive the market. Unmet medical needs such as very few therapeutic are approved by the regulatory authority for the treatment in comparison to the demand in global exosome therapeutics market will hamper the market growth market. Availability of various exosome isolation and purification techniques is further creates new opportunities for exosome therapeutics as they will help company in isolation and purification of exosomes from dendritic cells, mesenchymal stem cells, blood, milk, body fluids, saliva, and urine and from others sources. Such policies support exosome therapeutic market growth in the forecast period to 2019-2026.

This exosome therapeutic market report provides details of market share, new developments, and product pipeline analysis, impact of domestic and localised market players, analyses opportunities in terms of emerging revenue pockets, changes in market regulations, product approvals, strategic decisions, product launches, geographic expansions, and technological innovations in the market. To understand the analysis and the market scenario contact us for anAnalyst Brief, our team will help you create a revenue impact solution to achieve your desired goal.

Global Exosome Therapeutic Market Scope and Market Size

Global exosome therapeutic market is segmented of the basis of type, source, therapy, transporting capacity, application, route of administration and end user. The growth among segments helps you analyse niche pockets of growth and strategies to approach the market and determine your core application areas and the difference in your target markets.

Based on type, the market is segmented into natural exosomes and hybrid exosomes. Natural exosomes are dominating in the market because natural exosomes are used in various biological and pathological processes as well as natural exosomes has many advantages such as good biocompatibility and reduced clearance rate compare than hybrid exosomes.

Exosome is an extracellular vesicle which is released from cells, particularly from stem cells. Exosome functions as vehicle for particular proteins and genetic information and other cells. Exosome plays a vital role in the rejuvenation and communication of all the cells in our body while not themselves being cells at all. Research has projected that communication between cells is significant in maintenance of healthy cellular terrain. Chronic disease, age, genetic disorders and environmental factors can affect stem cells communication with other cells and can lead to distribution in the healing process. The growth of the global exosome therapeutic market reflects global and country-wide increase in prevalence of autoimmune disease, chronic inflammation, Lyme disease and chronic degenerative diseases, along with increasing demand for anti-aging therapies. Additionally major factors expected to contribute in growth of the global exosome therapeutic market in future are emerging therapeutic value of exosome, availability of various exosome isolation and purification techniques, technological advancements in exosome and rising healthcare infrastructure.

Rising demand of exosome therapeutic across the globe as exosome therapeutic is expected to be one of the most prominent therapies for autoimmune disease, chronic inflammation, Lyme disease and chronic degenerative diseases treatment, according to clinical researches exosomes help to processes regulation within the body during treatment of autoimmune disease, chronic inflammation, Lyme disease and chronic degenerative diseases. This factor has increased the research activities in exosome therapeutic development around the world for exosome therapeutic. Hence, this factor is leading the clinician and researches to shift towards exosome therapeutic. In the current scenario the exosome therapeutic are highly used in treatment of autoimmune disease, chronic inflammation, Lyme disease and chronic degenerative diseases and as anti-aging therapy as it Exosomes has proliferation of fibroblast cells which is significant in maintenance of skin elasticity and strength.

Based on source, the market is segmented into dendritic cells, mesenchymal stem cells, blood, milk, body fluids, saliva, urine and others. Mesenchymal stem cells are dominating in the market because mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are self-renewable, multipotent, easily manageable and customarily stretchy in vitro with exceptional genomic stability. Mesenchymal stem cells have a high capacity for genetic manipulation in vitro and also have good potential to produce. It is widely used in treatment of inflammatory and degenerative disease offspring cells encompassing the transgene after transplantation.

Based on therapy, the market is segmented into immunotherapy, gene therapy and chemotherapy. Chemotherapy is dominating in the market because chemotherapy is basically used in treatment of cancer which is major public health issues. The multidrug resistance (MDR) proteins and various tumors associated exosomes such as miRNA and IncRNA are include in in chemotherapy associated resistance.

Based on transporting capacity, the market is segmented into bio macromolecules and small molecules. Bio macromolecules are dominating in the market because bio macromolecules transmit particular biomolecular information and are basically investigated for their delicate properties such as biomarker source and delivery system.

Based on application, the market is segmented into oncology, neurology, metabolic disorders, cardiac disorders, blood disorders, inflammatory disorders, gynecology disorders, organ transplantation and others. Oncology segment is dominating in the market due to rising incidence of various cancers such as lung cancer, breast cancer, leukemia, skin cancer, lymphoma. As per the National Cancer Institute, in 2018 around 1,735,350 new cases of cancer was diagnosed in the U.S. As per the American Cancer Society Inc in 2019 approximately 268,600 new cases of breast cancer diagnosed in the U.S.

Based on route of administration, the market is segmented into oral and parenteral. Parenteral route is dominating in the market because it provides low drug concentration, free from first fast metabolism, low toxicity as compared to oral route as well as it is suitable in unconscious patients, complicated to swallow drug etc.

The exosome therapeutic market, by end user, is segmented into hospitals, diagnostic centers and research & academic institutes. Hospitals are dominating in the market because hospitals provide better treatment facilities and skilled staff as well as treatment available at affordable cost in government hospitals.

Exosome therapeutic Market Country Level Analysis

The global exosome therapeutic market is analysed and market size information is provided by country by type, source, therapy, transporting capacity, application, route of administration and end user as referenced above.

The countries covered in the exosome therapeutic market report are U.S. and Mexico in North America, Turkey in Europe, South Korea, Australia, Hong Kong in the Asia-Pacific, Argentina, Colombia, Peru, Chile, Ecuador, Venezuela, Panama, Dominican Republic, El Salvador, Paraguay, Costa Rica, Puerto Rico, Nicaragua, Uruguay as part of Latin America.

Country Level Analysis, By Type

North America dominates the exosome therapeutic market as the U.S. is leader in exosome therapeutic manufacturing as well as research activities required for exosome therapeutics. At present time Stem Cells Group holding shares around 60.00%. In addition global exosomes therapeutics manufacturers like EXOCOBIO, evox THERAPEUTICS and others are intensifying their efforts in China. The Europe region is expected to grow with the highest growth rate in the forecast period of 2019 to 2026 because of increasing research activities in exosome therapeutic by population.

The country section of the report also provides individual market impacting factors and changes in regulation in the market domestically that impacts the current and future trends of the market. Data points such as new sales, replacement sales, country demographics, regulatory acts and import-export tariffs are some of the major pointers used to forecast the market scenario for individual countries. Also, presence and availability of global brands and their challenges faced due to large or scarce competition from local and domestic brands, impact of sales channels are considered while providing forecast analysis of the country data.

Huge Investment by Automakers for Exosome Therapeutics and New Technology Penetration

Global exosome therapeutic market also provides you with detailed market analysis for every country growth in pharma industry with exosome therapeutic sales, impact of technological development in exosome therapeutic and changes in regulatory scenarios with their support for the exosome therapeutic market. The data is available for historic period 2010 to 2017.

Competitive Landscape and Exosome Therapeutic Market Share Analysis

Global exosome therapeutic market competitive landscape provides details by competitor. Details included are company overview, company financials, revenue generated, market potential, investment in research and development, new market initiatives, global presence, production sites and facilities, company strengths and weaknesses, product launch, product trials pipelines, concept cars, product approvals, patents, product width and breadth, application dominance, technology lifeline curve. The above data points provided are only related to the companys focus related to global exosome therapeutic market.

Many joint ventures and developments are also initiated by the companies worldwide which are also accelerating the global exosome therapeutic market.

For instance,

Partnership, joint ventures and other strategies enhances the company market share with increased coverage and presence. It also provides the benefit for organisation to improve their offering for exosome therapeutics through expanded model range.

Customization Available:Global Exosome Therapeutic Market

Data Bridge Market Researchis a leader in advanced formative research. We take pride in servicing our existing and new customers with data and analysis that match and suits their goal. The report can be customised to include price trend analysis of target brands understanding the market for additional countries (ask for the list of countries), clinical trial results data, literature review, refurbished market and product base analysis. Market analysis of target competitors can be analysed from technology-based analysis to market portfolio strategies. We can add as many competitors that you require data about in the format and data style you are looking for. Our team of analysts can also provide you data in crude raw excel files pivot tables (Factbook) or can assist you in creating presentations from the data sets available in the report.

Do You Have Any Query Or Specific Requirement? Ask to Our Industry Expert @https://www.databridgemarketresearch.com/inquire-before-buying/?dbmr=global-exosome-therapeutic-market&rp

About Data Bridge Market Research :

Data Bridge Market Researchis a versatile market research and consulting firm with over 500 analysts working in different industries. We have catered more than 40% of the fortune 500 companies globally and have a network of more than 5000+ clientele around the globe. Our coverage of industries include Medical Devices, Pharmaceuticals, Biotechnology, Semiconductors, Machinery, Information and Communication Technology, Automobiles and Automotive, Chemical and Material, Packaging, Food and Beverages, Cosmetics, Specialty Chemicals, Fast Moving Consumer Goods, Robotics, among many others.

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Exosome Therapeutic Market 2020 Analysis, Trends, Opportunity, Size And Segment | Leading Players evox THERAPEUTICS, EXOCOBIO, Exopharm, AEGLE...

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June 13th, 2020

Exosome Therapeutic Market 2020 to Show Tremendous Growth | Leading Players evox THERAPEUTICS, EXOCOBIO, Exopharm, AEGLE Therapeutics, United…

By daniellenierenberg

Get Sample PDF (including COVID19 Impact Analysis) of Market Report @https://www.databridgemarketresearch.com/request-a-sample/?dbmr=global-exosome-therapeutic-market&rp

Market Analysis and Insights:Global Exosome Therapeutic Market

Get Full TOC, Tables and Figures of Market Report @https://www.databridgemarketresearch.com/toc/?dbmr=global-exosome-therapeutic-market&rp

Global Exosome Therapeutic Market Scope and Market Size

Exosome therapeutic Market Country Level Analysis

Country Level Analysis, By Type

Huge Investment by Automakers for Exosome Therapeutics and New Technology Penetration

Competitive Landscape and Exosome Therapeutic Market Share Analysis

Many joint ventures and developments are also initiated by the companies worldwide which are also accelerating the global exosome therapeutic market.

For instance,

Customization Available:Global Exosome Therapeutic Market

Do You Have Any Query Or Specific Requirement? Ask to Our Industry Expert @https://www.databridgemarketresearch.com/inquire-before-buying/?dbmr=global-exosome-therapeutic-market&rp

About Data Bridge Market Research :

Data Bridge adepts in creating satisfied clients who reckon upon our services and rely on our hard work with certitude.We are content with our glorious 99.9 % client satisfying rate.

Data Bridge Market Research

US: +1 888 387 2818

UK: +44 208 089 1725

Hong Kong: +852 8192 7475

Mail:[emailprotected]

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Exosome Therapeutic Market 2020 to Show Tremendous Growth | Leading Players evox THERAPEUTICS, EXOCOBIO, Exopharm, AEGLE Therapeutics, United...

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June 13th, 2020

Exploring the Therapeutic Potential of ST266 Against Numerous Diseases Including COVID-19 – Technology Networks

By daniellenierenberg

Noveome Biotherapeutics is a clinical-stage company focused on developing therapies for the regenerative repair of tissues. Their product ST266, a first-of-its-kind, multi-targeted, non-cellular platform biologic comprised of a complex mixture of biomolecules, is currently being evaluated as a potential treatment for the severe inflammatory response observed in the lungs of some COVID-19 patients.Technology Networks recently spoke with William J. Golden, Noveome Biotherapeutics Founder, Chairman and CEO, who explains the underlying basis for investigating ST266s potential against COVID-19. Golden also elaborates on many of the other indications for which ST266 is being developed to treat.Laura Lansdowne (LL): Could you provide our readers with a brief overview of Noveome Biotherapeutics?William J. Golden (WJG): Noveome is a clinical-stage biotherapeutics company located in Pittsburgh, PA. The company was founded in 2000 by Bill Golden and Lancet Capital. The group was interested in exploring non-embryonic stem cells and identified a technology at the University of Pittsburgh that was using cells derived from human amnion, a membrane that closely covers the fetus during development. The company, named Kytaron Technologies, Inc. at the time, licensed that amnion cell technology but, ultimately, Noveome scientists were able to discover, develop and patent their own unique population of cells, called Amnion-derived Multipotential Progenitor (AMP) cells, using a proprietary culture method that follows current Good Manufacturing Practice (cGMP) regulations. These novel cells were used to produce our product, ST266.LL: What is ST266? Could you elaborate on its mechanism of action in relation to the healing process?WJG: Noveomes product, ST266, is the secretome produced by the AMP cells. It is a completely cell-free solution and is comprised of hundreds of biologically active molecules, including cytokines and growth factors. Interestingly, these cytokines and growth factors exist at very low physiological levels ranging from pg/mL ng/mL concentrations.1 The fact that such low concentrations of these molecules are biologically active is quite remarkable when you consider that traditional protein-based therapies are usually administered at concentrations that are orders of magnitude greater than the concentrations found in ST266.Because the composition of ST266 is so complex, its multiple mechanisms of action have only been partially elucidated. Clinical and preclinical studies have shown ST266 to be anti-inflammatory,2,3 promote wound healing,4,5 reduce apoptosis, reduce vascular permeability (manuscript in preparation), and restore cellular homeostasis.3 Preclinical studies have also shown ST266 to be neuroprotective. In a traumatic brain injury model, ST266 significantly protected against reactive gliosis, suggesting potent anti-inflammatory activity, and resulted in significant recovery of rotarod motor function.6,7 In another study, ST266 was tested in the experimental autoimmune encephalopathy (EAE) mouse model of multiple sclerosis (MS). In this model, the mice develop optic neuritis, which is among the presenting symptoms of MS in humans. ST266 was administered to the nares of mice 15 or 22 days after disease induction. ST266 is absorbed via capillary action along the olfactory nerves which bypasses the blood-brain barrier. This unique route of administration allows for the delivery of high molecular weight biologics to the optic nerve of the eye and the central nervous system. ST266 attenuated visual dysfunction, prevented retinal ganglion cell (RGC) loss, reduced inflammation, and decreased the rate of demyelination of the optic nerve in EAE mice.3Mechanistically, ST266 simultaneously acts on multiple cell receptor-activated and intracellular signaling pathways. For example, in the EAE MS model, neuroprotective effects involved oxidative stress reduction, SIRT1-mediated mitochondrial function promotion, and pAKT signaling.3 In a Phase 2 UV light burn study, ST266 reduced erythema and DNA damage and increased the expression of XPA DNA repair proteins.2Importantly, ST266 has a proven clinical safety profile. It has been administered to 243 patients by various routes of administration (topical skin, topical ocular, topical oral, targeted intranasal), and no drug-related serious adverse events have been reported. Preclinical studies of systemically administered ST266 have also yielded no drug-related safety concerns.LL: For what indications is ST266 currently being evaluated as a treatment?WJG: We refer to ST266 as a platform biologic. By this, we mean that ST266 is one product that has the potential to treat numerous and varied diseases. In the clinic, we have shown anti-inflammatory activity when ST266 is applied topically to UV light-burned the skin2 and topical application to the gums of patients with gingivitis and periodontitis showed a reduction in proinflammatory cytokines in the patients crevicular fluid (manuscript in preparation). We are currently conducting a Phase 2 open label trial of ST266 to treat persistent corneal epithelial defects (PEDs) when applied topically to the eye. Results from this trial will be published soon. We are currently planning a Phase 2b multi-center, randomized, double-masked trial to further evaluate the safety and efficacy of ST266 in this indication. Finally, we are conducting a Phase 1 study in patients at risk for developing glaucoma. This study is using the intranasal route of delivery described above in combination with a novel delivery device. The goal is to deliver ST266 directly to the optic nerve, where it can protect the RGCs that are damaged in glaucoma. We envision this route of delivery will be applicable to central nervous system and other back-of-the eye indications.We also have several ongoing preclinical programs that are evaluating systemically administered ST266 for more generalized inflammatory conditions. These data are not yet published but combined with the data we have compiled in preclinical and clinical studies of topical skin, topical oral and topical ocular administration, we believe ST266 has the potential to be an effective therapy for numerous systemic inflammatory conditions.LL: Could you elaborate on the underlying basis for your evaluation of ST266 as a potential treatment for COVID-19?WJG: As you know, a major complication of COVID-19 is the severe inflammatory response seen in the lungs of some patients. This response is called cytokine storm or cytokine release syndrome. As the pandemic continues and more data have become available, it is now known that the cytokine storm does not just affect the lungs. Multi-organ damage occurs in many of these patients. We believe that systemic delivery of ST266 and its anti-inflammatory activity has the potential to calm the storm. Our as-yet-unpublished preclinical studies with intravenous ST266 support this hypothesis and we are moving rapidly to initiate intravenous ST266 in a Phase 1 study. Once safety in humans is established by this route of administration, we will commence Phase 2 studies in COVID-19 patients.William J. Golden was speaking to Laura Elizabeth Lansdowne, Senior Science Writer for Technology Networks.References

1. Steed, DL, C Trumpower, D Duffy, C Smith, V Marshall, R Rupp, and M Robson. (2008). Amnion-Derived Cellular Cytokine Solution: A Physiological Combination of Cytokines for Wound Healing. Eplasty 8: 15765.

2. Guan, Linna, Amanda Suggs, Emily Galan, Minh Lam, and Elma D. Baron. (2017). Topical Application of ST266 Reduces UV-Induced Skin Damage. Clinical, Cosmetic and Investigational Dermatology. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2147/CCID.S147112.

3. Khan, Reas S, Kimberly Dine, Bailey Bauman, Michael Lorentsen, Lisa Lin, Helayna Brown, Leah R Hanson, et al. (2017). Intranasal Delivery of A Novel Amnion Cell Secretome Prevents Neuronal Damage and Preserves Function In A Mouse Multiple Sclerosis Model. Scientific Reports. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/srep41768.

4. Bergmann, Juri, Florian Hackl, Taro Koyama, Pejman Aflaki, Charlotte a Smith, Martin C Robson, and Elof Eriksson. (2009). The Effect of Amnion-Derived Cellular Cytokine Solution on the Epithelialization of Partial-Thickness Donor Site Wounds in Normal and Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Swine. Eplasty 9: e49.

5. Franz, Michael G, Wyatt G Payne, Liyu Xing, D K Naidu, R E Salas, Vivienne S Marshall, C J Trumpower, Charlotte A Smith, David L Steed, and M C Robson. (2008). The Use of Amnion-Derived Cellular Cytokine Solution to Improve Healing in Acute and Chronic Wound Models. Eplasty 8: e21.

6. Deng-Bryant, Ying, Zhiyong Chen, Christopher van der Merwe, Zhilin Liao, Jitendra R Dave, Randall Rupp, Deborah a Shear, and Frank C Tortella. (2012). Long-Term Administration of Amnion-Derived Cellular Cytokine Suspension Promotes Functional Recovery in a Model of Penetrating Ballistic-like Brain Injury. The Journal of Trauma and Acute Care Surgery DOI: https://doi.org/10.1097/TA.0b013e3182625f5f.

7. Deng-Bryant, Ying, Ryan D. Readnower, Lai Yee Leung, Tracy L. Cunningham, Deborah A. Shear, and Frank C. Tortella. (2015). Treatment with Amnion-Derived Cellular Cytokine Solution (ACCS) Induces Persistent Motor Improvement and Ameliorates Neuroinflammation in a Rat Model of Penetrating Ballistic-like Brain Injury. Restorative Neurology and Neuroscience. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3233/RNN-140455.

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Exploring the Therapeutic Potential of ST266 Against Numerous Diseases Including COVID-19 - Technology Networks

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June 12th, 2020

‘I found these 4 affordable winter skin saviours in the chemist beauty aisles.’ – Mamamia

By daniellenierenberg

The light, non-greasy, dermatologically tested formula contains Vitamin B3 to help hydrate and support the skin barrier, and SPF30 for added sun protection. It alsosits beautifully under your regular SPF you'll have on, and makeup.

It won't clog your pores and doesn't include common irritants like fragrance or colour. The no-fuss formula also won't mess with the rest of your skincare, making it the easy to slot into your existing routine. Done!

(*Side note:Always read the label. Follow the directions for use. Avoid prolonged sun exposure and wear protective clothing, hats and eyewear to further reduce risk. Frequent re-application is required.)

Anyone else get dry lips in winter? This lip balm is brilliant for a few reasons.

A) It's super affordable and accessible - you'll find it at most pharmacies.

B) It has SPF50+ broad spectrum protection.

C) The texture isn't too thick or too thin, it's just right.

And D) You can wear the clear formula over the top of alip stain or lip liner.

Just don't leave it in the car, OK?

(And yes, you know the drill:Always read the label. Follow the directions for use. Avoid prolonged sun exposure and wear protective clothing, hats and eyewear to further reduce risk. Frequent re-application is required.)

See the article here:
'I found these 4 affordable winter skin saviours in the chemist beauty aisles.' - Mamamia

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June 12th, 2020

Major skin cancer research study to begin at The Hormel Institute – Austin Daily Herald – Austin Herald

By daniellenierenberg

Dr. Rebecca Morris, leader of the Stem Cells and Cancer lab at The Hormel Institute, received a multi-year grant to study stem cells originating in adult bone marrow and their possible effects on skin diseases, including cancer. The grant, from the Nation Institute of Healths National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases (NIAMS), awarded Morris with $373,688 over two years for her research project Identification of Novel Epidermal Progenitors.

Morris said this research is significant because it will contribute new understanding of epithelial biology, and blood and bone marrow in general, provide possible new targets for epithelial cancer prevention and control, validate liquid biopsy of blood as a diagnostic tool, and help her and her team to achieve their goal of preventing and alleviating chronic skin diseases including cancer, psoriasis, and epidermolysis bullosa.

Many years ago, I contributed basic research on identification and isolation of adult tissue stem cells from skin epidermis, and demonstrated their role in skin cancer initiation and promotion, Morris said. Now, I am again thrilled to be on the edge of discovery of a new population of epithelial stem cells and have the opportunity to determine their roles in regeneration and cancer.

Cells in the body that cover surfaces (like the epidermis, or top layer of skin) or line spaces (like ducts in mammary gland or lining of the colon) are called epithelial cells. In adults, most cancers originate from these epithelial cells. However, new research has identified certain bone marrow derived epithelial cells (BMDECs) in normal, healthy human subjects.

Morris and her team do not believe anyone has yet described the features and nature of these cells, or analyzed their function.

The research team has hypothesized that the epithelial cells from the bone marrow are epithelial stem cells. They therefore hope to demonstrate that BMDECs include a novel population of adult tissue stem cells that can be gathered to chronically compromised epithelium, such as skin cancer or psoriasis, and regenerate it.

Skin cancer is by far the most common type of cancer in the United States, with millions of people diagnosed each year. As we enter summer, it is important to remember simple steps like staying out of the sun during the middle of the day, staying in the shade, and wearing sunscreen can help reduce your skin cancer risk.

Next steps for Morriss research include determining how these blood borne epithelial cells are recruited to the skin, the recruiting molecules, how the recruitment can be good or bad, and how to modulate their recruitment to alleviate disease.

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June 10th, 2020

Microneedling therapeutic stem cells into damaged tissues – Science Codex

By daniellenierenberg

(LOS ANGELES) -- Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are multipotent in that they naturally replenish the cell types that build our bone, cartilage and adipose tissues. However, their much broader regenerative potential, based on their capacity to migrate and engraft in injured tissues and secrete factors that enhance the formation of new blood vessels, suppress inflammation and cell death, and promote healing, makes them exquisite candidates for cell-based therapies for diseases as varied as cardiovascular, liver, bone and cartilage diseases, lung and spinal cord injuries, autoimmune diseases and even cancer and skin lesions.

MSCs provoke no or negligible adverse reactions in patients that receive them from healthy donors, and can be easily isolated from human tissues, expanded to clinical scales, biopreserved, and stored for point-of-care delivery. This efficiency in preparing medical grade MSCs contrasts with the relative inefficiency with which they currently can be delivered to target tissues in patients. Clinicians often need to administer massive numbers of MSCs with high precision to reach sufficient numbers of cells that successfully engraft and remain functional over time.

To overcome this bottleneck, researchers have developed materials-based approaches in which MSCs are embedded in biomaterial scaffolds that then can be implanted as "patches" in minimally invasive procedures into damaged tissues. However, those cells are often limited in their ability to migrate, overcome tissue barriers, and successfully engraft in tissue microenvironments where their action is needed most. In principle, injection approaches can introduce MSCs into tissues via hypodermic needles in a more targeted manner, but any direct injection to the tissue is invasive and can cause inadvertent tissue damage and side effects like the formation of scar tissue.

Now, a new study reported in Advanced Functional Materials by a team at the Terasaki Institute for Biomedical Innovation in Los Angeles and the University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA) has developed a minimally invasive approach, which deploys "microneedles" that provide a bioactive depot of MSCs. By embedding comparatively low numbers of MSCs in a gel-like material that prolongs their viability and functionality, and targeting damaged tissues with high spatial precision, the researchers showed their approach to accelerate wound healing in a mouse model with excised skin segments.

"Microneedles have been successfully used in the past to painlessly deliver drugs to target tissues such as skin, blood vessels and eyes. We demonstrate here with 'Detachable Microneedle Depots' that an analogous approach can deploy therapeutic cells at target sites," said co-corresponding author Ali Khademhosseini, the Director and CEO of the Terasaki Institute who was previously Director of the UCLA Center for Minimally Invasive Therapeutics. "To achieve this, we developed an entirely new microneedle patch that supports stem cells' viability, responsiveness to wound stimuli, and ability to accelerate wound healing."

At the beginning of their study, Khademhosseini and his co-workers hypothesized that embedding MSCs in a biocompatible and biodegradable biomaterial matrix could help create a hydrated environment with the mechanical properties that stem cells need in order to remain alive and functioning over a longer time. The researchers started by engineering a matrix of gelatin fibers that are cross-linked to each other into a network that could accommodate MSCs. The biomaterial mimicked the normal extracellular environment of tissues that MSCs normally reside in, and it helped to remodel the specific matrix environment in a way that allowed MSCs to take up nutrients and communicate with damaged tissue via soluble factors that they normally receive and dispatch.

The other part of the challenge was to introduce the literal "needle" quality into the cell-delivering device that would enable it to gently penetrate tissues in order to reach their target sites. To this aim, the researcher encased the softer MSC-containing gelatin matrix with a second, much harder biomaterial known as poly(lactic-co-glycolic)acid, in short PLGA. Once the needles were brought into place in a wound bed, the "PLGA shell", which also is biocompatible and biodegradable, slowly degraded, but during the process kept the MSC-containing gelatin matrix in place, allowing MSCs to release their therapeutic factors through emerging gaps in the shell into the damaged tissue. The team showed that in the composite microneedle 90% of MSCs were kept viable for 24 hours, and that, importantly the cells did not lose their potential as stem cells ("stemness"), which was critical for their healing properties.

Finally, the team set out to investigate their microneedle concept in a mouse skin wound model in which a defined excision is made in the epidermal tissue layers. To be able to strategically place individual microneedles within the wound bed, a simple and effective deployment mechanism was devised by attaching an array of microneedles on a small strip of scotch tape with their pointy ends facing away from the tape. Precisely positioning the tape with its patterned microneedle surface on the wound, allowed the individual microneedles to penetrate into the wound bed. Then, the tape was peeled off, causing the microneedles to detach and remain embedded in the wound tissue. Khademhosseini and his co-workers summarized the device's salient features by naming it: "Detachable Hybrid Microneedle Depot" (d-HMND).

In the mouse model, the MSC-loaded d-HMND device indeed stimulated a number of critical parameters associated with wound healing. Compared to an equal number of MSCs injected directly into wounded skin, and a version of the d-HMND device that did not contain any MSCs (cell-free), the MSC-containing d-HMND accelerated the contraction of the wound and re-growth of the epidermal skin layers (re-epithelialization). The researchers used a panel of histological and molecular markers to confirm over a period of 14 days that the device suppressed inflammation, and stimulated tissue remodeling, the formation of new blood vessels, and re-growth of hair - all vital signs of a robust wound healing response.

"In future scenarios, d-HMNDs could be rapidly fabricated in clinical laboratories shortly before use, applied to treat skin injuries, and explored more broadly as treatments for a variety of other disorders, including melanoma and other dermatological disorders that could benefit from the power of MSC cells," said Khademhosseini. "The concept would even be compatible with using patient-derived cells in more personalized device approaches." Khademhosseini and his colleagues are exploring further uses of this technology as part of the Terasaki Institute's research program.

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June 10th, 2020

Pressure Tools Boost Collagen – Truth In Aging

By daniellenierenberg

Recently, I have been impressed by the unlikely efficacy of pressure tools such as the Pause Fascia StimulatingTool ($115 in the shop) and the KNESKO Quartz Roller and mask set ($115 in the shop). I say unlikely because these tools have no underlying technology and require only a little pressure as you move them over the skin. They really appear to firm and rejuvenate, but there was no research to back this up. Until now.

I was super excited to come across some research conducted by beauty giant, Shiseido and Jichi University in Japan. Their studies revealed that the application of pressure to the skin stimulates the proliferation of stem cells and ultimately boosts collagen.

The research noted that stem cells are more prolific near the sebaceous glands in the skin and dubbed these stem cell reservoirs. When they applied pressure to the skin, the stem cells in the reservoirs proliferated. And not just by a few, the number of stem cells was increased significantly.

Thats all well and good, but does an increased number of stem cells result in better and/or younger looking skin? So the team then investigated whether the cells proliferated by pressure would function in the dermal layer.

For dermal cells to function properly, they need to connect to each other and reconstruct a network. When the researchers observed the cells in pressurized skin, they did indeed connect to each other and they reconstructed a network.

And the really good news is that cells that have reconstructed a network produce collagen. The the production of collagen allows the dermis to regain its elasticity and firmness.

So now we have it, tools that allow us to apply gentle pressure to our skin are helping us stimulate collagen production.

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June 10th, 2020

Senolytic drugs: can this antibiotic treat symptoms of ageing? – Health Europa

By daniellenierenberg

Professor Michael P Lisanti, Chair in Translational Medicine at the University of Salford, has been an active research scientist for more than 30 years and is an expert in the field of cellular senescence. In 2018 Lisanti, along with his wife and research partner Professor Federica Sotgia, co-authored a paper entitled Azithromycin and Roxithromycin define a new family of senolytic drugs that target senescent human fibroblasts, which identified the FDA-approved antibiotic azithromycin as a senolytic drug: a compound which can be used to treat the symptoms of ageing.

Their research was made possible through generous funding contributions from Lunella Biotech, Inc, a Canadian-based pharmaceutical developer which fosters medical innovation; the Foxpoint Foundation, also based in Canada; and the Healthy Life Foundation, a UK charity which funds research into ageing and age-related conditions. Lisanti speaks to HEQ about his work and the future of senescence studies.

We started out focusing on cancer, but the relationship between cancer and ageing led us to shift our focus towards senescence, the process by which cells chronologically age and go into cell cycle arrest. Senescence leads to chronic inflammation: the cells secrete a lot of inflammatory mediators, which allows the cells to become almost infectious; so then neighbouring normal cells become senescent it has a kind of cataclysmic effect. As you age especially as you approach around 50 you begin to accumulate more senescent cells, which are thought to be the root cause of ageing; this then leads to various ageing-associated diseases, such as heart disease, diabetes, dementia and cancer, the most life threatening conditions in the Western world.

The goal, therefore, would be to remove the senescent cells. It is possible to use a genetic trick to remove senescent cells from mice: this causes them to live longer by preventing ageing-associated diseases; but it is not possible to use the same genetic trick for humans. We would therefore need a drug that only kills or removes senescent cells; and that could then potentially lead to rejuvenation, thereby extending the patients healthy lifespan.

We set up a drug assay using normal, commercially available, human fibroblasts: MRC-5, which comes from the lungs, and BJ-1, which comes from the skin. The idea was to artificially induce ageing, which we did using a compound called BrdU. This compound is a nucleoside: it incorporates into the DNA and that leads to DNA damage; and the DNA damage in turn induces the senescence phenotype. The overarching concept was to create a population of cells artificially that were senescent; and then to compare primary cells that were normal with cells which were senescent, with the goal of identifying drugs which could only selectively kill the senescent cells and not harm the normal cells.

We had previously observed positive results in tests on the metabolic effects of antibiotics, so our drug screening identified two drugs called azithromycin and roxithromycin, which constitute a new family of senolytic drugs. Theyre both clinically approved drugs azithromycin has been around longer; and has a strong safety profile and we looked at other members of the same drug family such as erythromycin, which is the parent compound, but erythromycin has no senolytic activity. The characteristics we were looking for appeared to be relatively restricted to azithromycin, which in our observation was very efficiently killing the senescent cells. As we reported in the paper, it had an efficacy of approximately 97%, meaning that it was able to facilitate the growth of the normal cells, while concurrently selectively killing the senescent cells.

We tested the drug on normal and senescent cells which were otherwise identical. The senescent cells underwent apoptosis programmed cell death so that led us to the conclusion that the drug selectively kills the senescent cells, while at the same time the normal cells are able to continue to proliferate. That selective effect of removing exclusively the senescent cells is what we were searching for; because in this instance we would want a drug that could potentially be used in humans and which would only kill senescent cells.

Obviously, we would have to do clinical trials going forward, but the first step should be to identify the pharmaceutical application. Given that this drug appears to selectively kill and remove the senescent cells, it could be used potentially to prevent ageing-associated disease; and it could therefore potentially extend the human lifespan, especially in terms of reducing diseases and conditions like diabetes, heart disease, dementia and even cancer.

Cystic fibrosis is the most common genetic disease in humans; patients with cystic fibrosis are prone to bacterial lung infections. Researchers started to explore the possibility of using azithromycin preventatively in patients with cystic fibrosis; and they found that, while it didnt necessarily affect patients susceptibility to infection, it did prevent lung fibrosis where the lungs become stiff and the patient is unable to breathe and in doing so, extended the patients lifespan. These studies were focused on myofibroblasts, which at the time werent really seen as senescent; whereas the literature now acknowledges a general consensus that myofibroblasts are indeed senescent cells.

We havent specifically examined anything relating ageing to antimicrobial resistance; but azithromycin is an antibiotic, which is not ideal within the context of AMR. Potentially in the future, once researchers identify what it is about the azithromycin that is causing the senescent cells to die, they could develop future drugs azithromycin is a stepping stone in this context, but what it shows is proof of principle that a drug can be identified which selectively kills senescent cells. This indicates that senescent cells are clearly biochemically distinct from the normal cells, and that it is possible to find a drug that selectively kills them and that is relatively safe. It provides a starting point for further new drug discovery to identify other drugs which might also be selective.

Ideally, we would want a drug which is not an antibiotic; but that means further research will be necessary to find additional drugs or to refine the senolytic activity which weve discovered in this drug. We are in the early stages; the point is that it is experimentally feasible and this would then lend itself to doing new clinical trials in the future, because azithromycin is relatively safe and it probably wont need to be administered over a long period of time to remove senescent cells you might not need to use it for any longer than you would as an antibiotic.

This research has been supported by the Foxpoint Foundation (Canada), the Healthy Life Foundation (UK), and Lunella Biotech, Inc. (Canada).

Professor Michael P Lisanti is Chair of Translational Medicine at the University of Salford School of Science, Engineering & Environment, UK. His current research programme is focused on eradicating cancer stem cells (CSCs); and anti-ageing therapies, in the context of age-associated diseases, such as cancer and dementia.

Lisanti began his education at New York University, US, graduating magna cum laude in chemistry (1985); before completing an MD-PhD in cell biology and genetics at Cornell University Medical College, US (1992). In 1992, he moved to MIT, US, where he worked alongside Nobel laureate David Baltimore and renowned cell biologist Harvey Lodish as a Whitehead Institute fellow (1992-96).

His career has since taken him to the Albert Einstein College of Medicine, US (1997-2006), the Kimmel Cancer Center, US (2006-12), and the University of Manchester, UK (2012-16), where he served as the Muriel Edith Rickman chair of breast oncology, director of the Breakthrough Breast Cancer and the Breast Cancer Now Research Units, and founder and director of the Manchester Centre for Cellular Metabolism.

Lisanti has contributed to 564 publications in peer-reviewed journals and been cited more than 90,000 times. A list of his works can be found at: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=lisanti+mp&sort=date

Professor Federica Sotgia currently serves as chair in cancer biology and ageing at the University of Salford School of Science, Engineering and Environment, UK, where she focuses on, inter alia, the role of the tumour microenvironment in cancer and the metabolic requirements of tumour-initiating cells.

Sotgia graduated magna cum laude with an MS in biological sciences (1996) from the University of Genova, Italy, where she later completed a PhD in medical genetics (2001). She moved to the Albert Einstein College of Medicine, US, in 1998, originally as a visiting student and then postdoctoral fellow, and she was appointed an instructor in 2002.

Sotgia has since worked as an assistant professor at the Kimmel Cancer Center, US (2006-12), a senior lecturer at the University of Manchester, UK (2012-16), and a Professor in biomedical science at the University of Salford (2016-present).

She has contributed to 206 publications in peer-reviewed journals and been cited upwards of 27,000 times.

A list of her works can be found at: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=sotgia+f&sort=date

Professor Michael P Lisanti, MD-PhD, FRSA, FRSBChair in Translational MedicineSchool of Science, Engineering & EnvironmentUniversity of Salford+44 (0)1612 950 240M.P.Lisanti@salford.ac.uk

This article is from issue 13 of Health Europa. Clickhere to get your free subscription today.

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June 10th, 2020

Here Are a Bunch of Photos of Cops Not Wearing Masks – Futurism

By daniellenierenberg

At a protest in Queens, I asked a police officer why he wasnt wearing a mask.

Coronas over, he replied.

As Black Lives Matter protests against police violence and systematic racism erupted across the country, an unfortunate trend has emerged: while police often show up heavily armed and wearing riot gear, they seldom wear medical masks or other face coverings to prevent COVID-19 from spreading.

By not wearing masks, police are putting themselves and others at a greater risk of catching the coronavirus, experts told Time.

If a state, if a county, if a city is telling the general public to wear masks, Johns Hopkins health researcher Amesh Adalja told Time, then the police officers must follow that same law.

While a number of public health experts have argued that protestors are unlikely to cause a huge explosion in coronavirus infections, that assumes that everyone takes basic common-sense measures like keeping distance where possible and wearing a medical mask that keeps them from spreading pathogens.

Some cops are skipping masks entirely. Others are wearing them wrong, by pulling them down to expose their noses or mouths.

And while being outdoors likely reduces the risk of transmission, tightly clustered police and the protestors they arrest become public health hazards. Meanwhile, as of May 4, the NYPD had spent $12 million on medical masks this year alone, pointing to a major waste of time and resources given how few cops actually wore them.

I attended multiple protests and vigils throughout New York City. At all of them, the majority of police opted to skip the face mask or wear it improperly.

Videos from other protests, like this one of Austin police opening fire on a crowd of peaceful protestors, highlight that the problem of police ignoring their masks is a national issue.

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June 9th, 2020

The Bio Revolution is changing business and society – STAT – STAT

By daniellenierenberg

Imagine a world in which we can produce meat without animals, cure previously incurable diseases by editing an individuals genetic fabric, and manufacture industrial chemicals in yeast factories. The foundational technologies that could make all this possible largely exist. Rapid and ever-cheaper DNA sequencing has deepened our understanding of how biology works and tools such as CRISPR are now being used to recode biology to treat diseases or make crops less vulnerable to climate change. This is what we call the Bio Revolution.

Explored in a new McKinsey Global Institute research report, which we helped co-author, the Bio Revolution is already benefiting society. A confluence of breakthroughs in biological science and ever faster and more sophisticated computing, data analytics, and artificial intelligence technologies has powered scientific responses to the Covid-19 pandemic. Scientists sequenced the virus genome in weeks rather than months, as was the case in previous outbreaks. Bio innovations are enabling the rapid introduction of clinical trials of vaccines, the search for effective therapies, and a deep investigation of the transmission patterns of the virus.

The report estimates that bio innovations could alleviate between 1% and 3% of the total global burden of disease in the next 10 to 20 years from these applications roughly the equivalent of eliminating the global disease burden of lung cancer, breast cancer, and prostate cancer combined. Over time, if the full potential is captured, 45% of the global disease burden could be addressed using science that is conceivable today.

As much as 60% of the physical inputs to the global economy today are either biological (such as wood for construction or animals bred for food) or nonbiological (such as cement or plastics) but could, in principle, be produced over time using biology. Nylon can already be made using genetically engineered yeast instead of petrochemicals, for instance, leather is being made from mushroom roots, and bacteria have made a type of cement.

This Bio Revolution has the potential to be as transformative to business and economies as the Digital Revolution that proceeded it, creating value in every sector, disrupting value chains, and creating new business opportunities. Businesses clearly see the potential investment in a new generation of biological technologies had already surged to more than $20 billion by 2018.

Many applications are being commercialized. We identified a visible initial pipeline of about 400 use cases, almost all scientifically feasible today, that could create a direct economic impact of $2 trillion to $4 trillion in the next 10 to 20 years more than half of which is outside health, in sectors as diverse as agriculture and textile manufacturing.

The confluence of biology and computing is already creating new capabilities. Computing is accelerating discovery and throughput in biology. An explosion of biological data due to cheaper sequencing is being used by biotech companies and research institutes that are increasingly using robotic automation and sensors in labs. Biotech company Zymergen, for example, has found that throughput in biological screening can be increased up to 10 times. Advanced analytics, more powerful computational techniques, and AI are also being deployed to generate more acute insights during the R&D process.

New biology-based manufacturing is already cutting costs, improving performance, and reducing the impact on the environment and the natural world. In cosmetics, for instance, Amyris is now making squalane, a moisturizing oil used in many skin-care products, by fermenting sugars using genetically engineered yeast instead of processing liver oil from deep-sea sharks, which was not only expensive but threatened the species with extinction. In textiles, U.S. startup Tandem Repeat is producing self-repairing, biodegradable, and recyclable fabric using proteins encoded by squid genes.

The Bio Revolution could utterly change the food business as plant-based proteins and lab-grown meat gain popularity and in the process cut greenhouse gas emissions from deforestation and animal husbandry. One study found that cultured meat could reduce greenhouse gas emissions by 80% or more compared with conventional meat if all of the energy used in manufacturing comes from carbon-free sources.

Cultured meat and seafood are made using tissue-culture technology, a lab process by which animal cells are grown in vitro. Producers still face a major technical challenge in finding a cost-effective way of growing cells. New players such as Finless Foods, Mosa Meat, Memphis Meats, and Meatable are experimenting with different approaches, including using synthetic molecules and pluripotent stem cells to replace expensive growth factors. Cultured meat and seafood could be cost-competitive with conventional animal production systems within 10 years.

In agriculture, greater understanding of the role of the microbiome offers opportunities to improve operational efficiency and output. By profiling bacteria and fungi in the soil, Trace Genomics, for one, produces insights that help choose tailored seeds and nutrients, and enables early prediction of soil diseases. In consumer markets, ongoing research into the relationship between the gut microbiome and the skin is being used to personalize skin care. Singapore-based genomics firm Imagene Lab, for instance, offers a personalized serum based on the results of its skin DNA tests that assess traits such as premature collagen breakdown.

Such examples give a sense of the breadth of applicability of bio innovation, but there is a significant caveat: risk. Biology will preserve life through innovative treatments tailored to our genomes and microbiomes, but biology could also be the greatest threat to life if it is used to create bioweapons or genetically engineered viruses that can do lasting damage to the health of humans or ecosystems. The CRISPR gene-editing tool is revolutionizing medicine and is being applied to agriculture with great effect. But consider that CRISPR kits are now available to buy on the Internet for $100 and so-called biohackers are using them at home.

Like the Digital Revolution, the Bio Revolution comes with risks but of a different order of magnitude. If citizens already have misgivings about data being gathered about their shopping habits, how much more nervous will they be about genetic data gathered from their bodies for medical treatment or ancestry tracing data that couldnt be more personal.

Another risk is that biological organisms are, by their nature, self-sustaining and self-replicating. Genetically engineered microbes, plants, and animals may be able to reproduce and sustain themselves over the long term, potentially affecting entire ecosystems. Once Pandoras box is opened and we have already cracked the lid we may have little control over what happens next.

Unless such risks are managed, it is possible that the full potential of the Bio Revolution may not materialize. We estimate that about 70% of the total potential impact could hinge on societal attitudes and the way innovation is governed under existing regulatory regimes. Yet if the risks can be managed and mitigated, the Bio Revolution can reshape our world. Scientists, in conjunction with forward-thinking companies, are now harnessing the power of nature to solve pressing problems in medicine, agriculture, and beyond, and helping craft a response to global challenges from pandemics to climate change.

Matthias Evers is a senior partner and global leader of research and development in McKinsey & Companys pharmaceuticals and medical products practice. Michael Chui is a partner at the McKinsey Global Institute, McKinseys business and economics research arm.

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June 9th, 2020

Scientists Grow Tiny Human Livers, Changing the Course of Organ Transplants – Yahoo News

By daniellenierenberg

Photo credit: University of Pittsburgh

From Prevention

Scientists have grown tiny human livers that functioned after transplant into rats.

Trying to improve transplant numbers and outcomes is a major research area for biologists.

The scientists began by making "decellularized scaffolds" on which human stem cells were grown into liver cells.

Scientists from the University of Pittsburgh and their colleagues have grown tiny human livers and successfully implanted them into rats. The livers began as stem cells that are cultivated into skin and vascular cells that form a complete microenvironment. The organ-like microenvironment further matures some liver functions and produces tissue structures similar to those found in human livers, their paper in Cell Reports explains.

In their summary, the scientists say previous research has mostly used existing structures of rat cells to grow their organlike environments. They explain:

Whereas previous studies recellularized liver scaffolds largely with rodent hepatocytes, we repopulated not only the parenchyma with human iPSC-hepatocytes but also the vascular system with human iPS-endothelial cells, and the bile duct network with human iPSC-biliary epithelial cells. The regenerated human iPSC-derived mini liver containing multiple cell types was tested in vivo and remained functional for 4 days after auxiliary liver transplantation in rats.

This cutting-edge science begins with human volunteers who gave skin cell samples. These were reverse engineered into stem cells and then redirected to become different needed cells to form a liver. From there, the scientists seeded a liver scaffolda rat-based extracellular matrix (ECM) structure with, miraculously, its cells removedwith their new human liver cells.

The goal of decellularization is to remove cells while maintaining the structural, mechanical, and biochemical properties of the ECM scaffold, the researchers explain.

There were traces of DNA left in the rat scaffolds, though. DNA content, a commonly used marker of decellularization, was 3 [to] 10 times higher than in previous studies, which may lead to an adverse immune response if animal-derived scaffolds are to be used in humans, however, this remains to be tested.

Story continues

Inverse reports that while the resulting liver-growing process has taken 10 years to perfect, this batch of miniature livers took under a month to growcompared with two years in the human body. The team then transplanted the livers into a small group of specially prepared rats, which had their immune systems suppressed to encourage the transplant and their liver lobes removed to encourage regeneration.

Five is a tiny sample, to be sure, but all five livers worked during the four-day experimental period, producing and secreting bile and urea. Some had problems around the graft site, which makes sense for an almost completely human organ transplanted into a rat.

Harvested human iPSC-liver grafts measure 2.5 [to] 3 [centimeters] and showed liver-like tissue texture, the scientists say. Despite a handful of understandable problems, they feel optimistic about the future of lab-grown human livers on decellularized scaffolds. They conclude:

Future studies should concentrate on procedures to allow continued vascular development using, for instance, nanoparticles and growth-factor-hydrogel modification of acellular scaffolds. The strategy shown here represents a significant advance toward our understanding of the production of bioengineered autologous human-liver grafts for transplantation.

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