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FREMONT, Calif., Aug. 08, 2017 (GLOBE NEWSWIRE) Asterias Biotherapeutics, Inc. (NYSE MKT:AST) today announced that Lucas Lindner of Eden, Wisconsin, a quadriplegic patient who has regained functional use of his fingers, hands and lower arms after receiving the companys investigational stem cell therapy for complete cervical spinal cord injury, AST-OPC1, will throw out the ceremonial first pitch of a Major League Baseball game in Milwaukee on Sunday, August 13th.

Lucas has been an inspiration to our employees at Asterias who have worked so hard to bring AST-OPC1 to where it is now being administered to patients in a clinical trial, as well as to thousands of others who have seen his story on the internet or on television, said Mike Mulroy, President and CEO of Asterias. We are excited about the progress he has made since receiving 10 million cells of AST-OPC1 and look forward to cheering him on as he takes the field before the game.

Lucas suffered a severe spinal cord injury when his car swerved off the road into a tree to avoid hitting a deer in May 2016. He was flown to the hospital and received immediate surgery to stabilize his spine. He was left without the ability to move his limbs below the neck and upper arms.

In June 2016, Lucas received 10 million cells of AST-OPC1 in Asterias ongoing SCiStar Phase 1/2a clinical study by Shekar N. Kurpad, MD, PhD, Sanford J. Larson Professor and Chairman, Department of Neurosurgery at the Medical College of Wisconsin and Director of the Froedtert & Medical College of Wisconsin Spinal Cord Injury Program. Lucas has since regained the ability to move triceps, hands and fingers.

As of his latest follow-up visit (12 months following administration of AST-OPC1), Lucas has achieved two motor levels of improvement on one side of his body. As suggested by existing research, patients with severe spinal cord injuries that show two motor levels of improvement on at least one side may regain the ability to perform daily activities such as feeding, dressing and bathing, which significantly reduces the overall level of daily assistance needed for the patient and associated healthcare costs.

Throwing out the first pitch at a Major League game is not something I could have imagined a year ago, said Lucas. I want to show everyone that there is hope that spinal cord injury patients can regain function. I am looking forward to going back to school, pursuing my dream of working in the IT field and living independently someday.

When I first met Lucas about a year ago, he had some use of his arms and little to no use of his hands or fingers, said Dr. Kurpad. The fact that he is throwing out the first pitch at a Major League Baseball game is amazing. It illustrates the strides medical science is starting to make in helping paralyzed patients regain useful function. Im very encouraged by the early results we are seeing with AST-OPC1 and am grateful for the improvement Lucas has made.

Asterias has now completed enrollment and dosing in four of the five planned SCiStar study cohorts and enrolled twenty-two patients in the SCiStar study. Twenty-seven patients have been administered AST-OPC1 after including patients from a previous Phase 1 safety trial and results-to-date continue to support the safety of AST-OPC1. In June 2017, Asterias reported 9 month data from the AIS-A 10 million cell cohort that showed improvements in arm, hand and finger function observed at 3-months and 6-months following administration of AST-OPC1 were confirmed and in some patients further increased at 9-months. The company intends to complete enrollment of the entire SCiStar study later this year, with multiple safety and efficacy readouts anticipated during the remainder of 2017 and 2018.

To view a video on Lucas story, click on the following link:https://youtu.be/1DerDpM_FO4.

Broadcast quality b-roll footage is available for news media use by request by contactingmark@reachthenextlevel.com.

About the SCiStar Trial

The SCiStar trial is an open-label, single-arm trial testing three sequential escalating doses of AST-OPC1 administered at up to 20 million AST-OPC1 cells in as many as 35 patients with subacute, C-4 to C-7, motor complete (AIS-A or AIS-B) cervical SCI. These individuals have essentially lost all movement below their injury site and experience severe paralysis of the upper and lower limbs. AIS-A patients have lost all motor and sensory function below their injury site, while AIS-B patients have lost all motor function but may have retained some minimal sensory function below their injury site. AST-OPC1 is being administered 21 to 42 days post-injury. Patients will be followed by neurological exams and imaging procedures to assess the safety and activity of the product.

The study is being conducted at eight centers in the U.S. and the company plans to increase this to up to 12 sites to accommodate the expanded patient enrollment. Clinical sites involved in the study include the Medical College of Wisconsin in Milwaukee, Shepherd Medical Center in Atlanta, University of Southern California (USC) jointly with Rancho Los Amigos National Rehabilitation Center in Los Angeles, Indiana University, Rush University Medical Center in Chicago, Santa Clara Valley Medical Center in San Jose jointly with Stanford University, Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, in partnership with Magee Rehabilitation Hospital, in Philadelphia, and UC San Diego Health in San Diego.

Asterias has received a Strategic Partnerships Award grant from the California Institute for Regenerative Medicine, which provides $14.3 million of non-dilutive funding for the Phase 1/2a clinical trial and other product development activities for AST-OPC1.

Additional information on the Phase 1/2a trial, including trial sites, can be found at http://www.clinicaltrials.gov, using Identifier NCT02302157, and at the SCiStar Study Website (www.SCiStar-study.com).

About AST-OPC1

AST-OPC1, an oligodendrocyte progenitor population derived from human embryonic stem cells originally isolated in 1998, has been shown in animals and in vitro to have three potentially reparative functions that address the complex pathologies observed at the injury site of a spinal cord injury. These activities of AST-OPC1 include production of neurotrophic factors, stimulation of vascularization, and induction of remyelination of denuded axons, all of which are critical for survival, regrowth and conduction of nerve impulses through axons at the injury site. In preclinical animal testing, AST-OPC1 administration led to remyelination of axons, improved hindlimb and forelimb locomotor function, dramatic reductions in injury-related cavitation and significant preservation of myelinated axons traversing the injury site.

In a previous Phase 1 clinical trial, five patients with neurologically complete, thoracic spinal cord injury were administered two million AST-OPC1 cells at the spinal cord injury site 7-14 days post-injury. Based on the results of this study, Asterias received clearance from FDA to progress testing of AST-OPC1 to patients with cervical spine injuries in the current SCiStar study, which represents the first targeted population for registration trials. Asterias has completed enrollment in the first four cohorts of this study. Results to date have continued to support the safety of AST-OPC1. Additionally, Asterias has recently reported results suggesting reduced cavitation and improved motor function in patients administered AST-OPC1 in the SCiStar trial.

About Asterias Biotherapeutics

Asterias Biotherapeutics, Inc. is a biotechnology company pioneering the field of regenerative medicine. The companys proprietary cell therapy programs are based on its pluripotent stem cell and immunotherapy platform technologies. Asterias is presently focused on advancing three clinical-stage programs which have the potential to address areas of very high unmet medical need in the fields of neurology and oncology. AST-OPC1 (oligodendrocyte progenitor cells) is currently in a Phase 1/2a dose escalation clinical trial in spinal cord injury. AST-VAC1 (antigen-presenting autologous dendritic cells) is undergoing continuing development by Asterias based on promising efficacy and safety data from a Phase 2 study in Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML), with current efforts focused on streamlining and modernizing the manufacturing process. AST-VAC2 (antigen-presenting allogeneic dendritic cells) represents a second generation, allogeneic cancer immunotherapy. The companys research partner, Cancer Research UK, plans to begin a Phase 1/2a clinical trial of AST-VAC2 in non-small cell lung cancer in 2017. Additional information about Asterias can be found atwww.asteriasbiotherapeutics.com.

FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS

Statements pertaining to future financial and/or operating and/or clinical research results, future growth in research, technology, clinical development, and potential opportunities for Asterias, along with other statements about the future expectations, beliefs, goals, plans, or prospects expressed by management constitute forward-looking statements. Any statements that are not historical fact (including, but not limited to statements that contain words such as will, believes, plans, anticipates, expects, estimates) should also be considered to be forward-looking statements. Forward-looking statements involve risks and uncertainties, including, without limitation, risks inherent in the development and/or commercialization of potential products, uncertainty in the results of clinical trials or regulatory approvals, need and ability to obtain future capital, and maintenance of intellectual property rights. Actual results may differ materially from the results anticipated in these forward-looking statements and as such should be evaluated together with the many uncertainties that affect the businesses of Asterias, particularly those mentioned in the cautionary statements found in Asterias filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission. Asterias disclaims any intent or obligation to update these forward-looking statements.

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Former Quadriplegic Enrolled in Asterias' SCiStar Study to Throw Ceremonial First Pitch at Major League Baseball Game - OrthoSpineNews

Spinal Cord Stem Cells Comments Off on Former Quadriplegic Enrolled in Asterias’ SCiStar Study to Throw Ceremonial First Pitch at Major League Baseball Game – OrthoSpineNews | August 11th, 2017

The human body is an amazing thing. For each one of us, it's the most intimate object we know. And yet most of us don't know enough about it: its features, functions, quirks, and mysteries. Our series The Body explores human anatomy, part by part. Think of it as a mini digital encyclopedia with a dose of wow.

If you say someone's getting on your nerves, you could just cut to the chase and say they're getting on your sciatic nervethis nerve is plenty big enough for both minor and major irritations. It's the largest nerve in the body, running a lengthy route from each side of your lower spine, deep into your buttock, wrapping around to the back of the thigh and into the foot. Mental Floss spoke to Loren Fishman, medical director of Manhattan Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation in NYC andassociate clinical professor at Columbia Medical School. Here are 13 things we learned about this important part of the nervous system.

No wonder this nerve hurts when it gets irritatedat its biggest point, it's one heck of a large nerve, says Fishman.

The sciatic nerve is more accurately five nerves that come together on the right and left sides of the lower spine. Technically, the fourth and fifth lumbar nerves and the first three nerves in the sacral spine come together and merge into the unified sciatic.

"The sciatic nerve gives feeling and strength to the muscles and skin of the calf and foot, supplies sensation from the joints, bones, and just about everything else below the knee," says Fishman.

The nerve connects the spinal cord with the outside of the thigh, the hamstring muscles in the back of the thigh, and the muscles in your lower leg and feet. This is why sciatic nerve impingement often results in muscle weakness, numbness and/or tingling in the leg, ankle, foot, and toes.

After severe spinal cord injury, the nerve itself is often just fine, but the connection between it and the brain has been severed, Fishman says. Until now, there's been no way to fix such injuries, but "recent work with stem cells has begun to restore the connection in dogs and other animals."

A variety of lower back problems can lead to pain that radiates along the sciatic nerve. Most commonly, sciatica pain is caused when a herniated disc at the L5 (lower lumbar back) irritates the S1 (sacrum) nerve root in the lower spine. The exiting nerve roots are highly sensitive, and the bits of the disc that herniate contain inflammatory proteins such as interleukin and tumor necrosis factor that can also aggravate the nerve.

In a small number of people, a condition called cauda equina syndrome (so named because the nerve bundle at the base of the spinal cord resembles a horse's tail) can masquerade as sciaticabut it also usually causes weakness that extends to bowel or bladder incontinence and sometimes weakness or loss of sensation in the legs that gets progressively worse. In this case, immediate medical attention should be sought, and recovery may not be as quick as with common sciatica.

When the ancient Greek and Roman physicians were treating the pain we now commonly know as sciatica, they believed it stemmed from "diseases of the hip joint," according to a 2007 study in Spinal Cord. It wasn't until 1764, write the authors, "that leg pain of 'nervous' origin was distinguished from pain of 'arthritic' origin."

Among the many treatments Hippocrates and his ilk came up with for this painful condition were: "Fumigations, fasting, and subsequently, laxatives, and ingestion of boiled milk of the female ass." In his Treatise of the Predictions, Hippocrates noted that elderly patients with "cramps and colds at the loin and the legs" would experience their pain for up to a year, whereas young people could be free of pain in about 40 days.

The modern name for the disease, according to Fishman, comes from 15th-century Florence. "They called sciatica ischiatica, since they thought it came from tuberculosis that worked its way down to the ischial tuberosity (the sit-bones)," Fishman says. These medieval doctors had the cause wrong, but the name stuck.

Different researchers in different countries began to make sciatic breakthroughs when doing autopsies on corpses with fractured or herniated discs, where they noticed compression on the sciatic nerve.

A 1991 cross sectional study of 2946 women and 2727 men published in Spine found that neither gender nor body mass made any difference in the likelihood of developing sciatica. Body height did, however, in males between the ages of 50 and 64, with taller men being more likely to have the condition. Other studies have found a similar link [PDF]. Over 5'8"? Your risk is higher.

Sciatica has a surprisingly common negative impact on daily life. "Low back pain and sciatica are the second biggest reason for lost days of workjust behind the common cold," says Fishman.The condition is most commonly found in people over 50 andrarely seen in anyone under 20 years oldand then it most often has a genetic cause.

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Attention Knitters: Oklahoma Needs 5000 Baby Hats - Mental Floss

Spinal Cord Stem Cells Comments Off on Attention Knitters: Oklahoma Needs 5000 Baby Hats – Mental Floss | August 11th, 2017

The new research has been developed by a team led by Dr. Samuel I. Stupp, who is the director of Northwestern Universitys Simpson Querrey Institute for BioNanotechnology. The researcher is also Professor of Materials Science and Engineering, Chemistry, Medicine and Biomedical Engineering.The new technology centers on the way that cells behave in the human body. Our cells are continually being signaled with various instructions, triggered by proteins and other molecules that are located in the matrices that surround them. As an example, such signals can be cues for cells to express specific genes in order for the cells to differentiate into other types of cells. Such a development is important for growth or regeneration of tissues. This sophisticated, biological signaling machinery has the pre-programmed capacity to make signals stop and re-start as needed; or to switch off one signal and activate an alternative signal in order to commence a complex processes. If this could be controlled by medics, then the process of addressing a range of diseases could be achieved. So far, the ability to produce such regenerative therapies has proved impossible.This could be set to change with the development of a synthetic material that can trigger reversibly certain types of signaling. This platform could lead to materials to control stem cells in order to produce regenerative therapies and to control cellular functions. The new technology should help with research into treatments for such diseases as Alzheimers disease, Parkinsons disease, problems with arthritic joints, spinal cord injuries, the effects of stroke, and other conditions requiring tissue regeneration.In trials, the researchers have taken spinal cord neural stem cells (neurospheres) and driven them to differentiate using a signal, helping the scientists to understand developmental and regenerative cues. This cell manipulation technology could help control which cells change and thereby address diseases like Parkinsons, such as converting a patients own skin cells into stem cells. Commenting on the implications of the technology, Dr. Stupp said, in a communication provided to Digital Journal: Its important in the context of cell therapies for people to cure these diseases or regenerate tissues that are no longer functional.The research is an example of the use of digital based bio-nanotechnology. The technology has been published in the journal Nature Communications. The paper Instructing cells with programmable peptide DNA hybrids.

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New technology manipulates cells for disease research - Digital Journal

Spinal Cord Stem Cells Comments Off on New technology manipulates cells for disease research – Digital Journal | August 8th, 2017

A syrinx is a fluid-filled cavity within the spinal cord (syringomyelia) or brain stem (syringobulbia). Predisposing factors include craniocervical junction abnormalities, previous spinal cord trauma, and spinal cord tumors. Symptoms include flaccid weakness of the hands and arms and deficits in pain and temperature sensation in a capelike distribution over the back and neck; light touch and position and vibration sensation are not affected. Diagnosis is by MRI. Treatment includes correction of the cause and surgical procedures to drain the syrinx or otherwise open CSF flow.

Syrinxes usually result from lesions that partially obstruct CSF flow. At least half of syrinxes occur in patients with congenital abnormalities of the craniocervical junction (eg, herniation of cerebellar tissue into the spinal canal, called Chiari malformation), brain (eg, encephalocele), or spinal cord (eg, myelomeningocele). For unknown reasons, these congenital abnormalities often expand during the teen or young adult years. A syrinx can also develop in patients who have a spinal cord tumor, scarring due to previous spinal trauma, or no known predisposing factors. About 30% of people with a spinal cord tumor eventually develop a syrinx.

Syringomyelia is a paramedian, usually irregular, longitudinal cavity. It commonly begins in the cervical area but may extend downward along the entire length of the spinal cord.

Syringobulbia, which is rare, usually occurs as a slitlike gap within the lower brain stem and may disrupt or compress the lower cranial nerve nuclei or ascending sensory or descending motor pathways.

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Syrinx of the Spinal Cord or Brain Stem - Neurologic ...

Spinal Cord Stem Cells Comments Off on Syrinx of the Spinal Cord or Brain Stem – Neurologic … | August 7th, 2017

Dr. Gabe Mirkin

Sam Shepard was a prolific playwright, actor, screenwriter and director who:

acted in more than sixty films and was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor for his portrayal of pilot Chuck Yeager inThe Right Stuff;

wrote more than 55 plays, often focusing on the serious problems that occur in American family life;

won the most Obie Awards (10) for his off-Broadway writing and directing. In 1979 he received a Pulitzer Prize for his play, Buried Child, andNew York Magazinecalled him the greatest American playwright of his generation.

In his late sixties, he developed amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), the disease that killed baseball great Lou Gehrig at age 37. Shepard died from complications of ALS on July 27, 2017, at age 73.

A Difficult Life

Sam Shepard

He was born on November 5, 1943, in Fort Sheridan, Illinois. His dysfunctional family served as a basis for characters in many of his plays. His father was a United States Army Air Forces bomber pilot during World War II who was also an alcoholic and an abusive husband and father. His loving, supportive mother, a teacher, offset some of the pain and abuse he suffered from his father. In his early years, the family had to move every two years because of army transfers. Later his father left the service and bought an avocado farm in Duarte, Calif. Shepard briefly studied animal husbandry at nearby Mt. San Antonio College, but soon left school to move to New York City, where he worked as a busboy, played in a psychedelic folk band and tried to break into the theater.

At age 35, his acting career took off when he won a role in Terrence MalicksDays of Heaven, with Richard Gere and Brooke Adams. At the same time, he continued to write successful plays and in 1986 (age 43) he was elected to the American Academy of Arts and Letters.

Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS or Lou Gehrigs Disease)

In his last few years, Shepard suffered privately from ALS, but he described his experience in his last book, The One Inside. One of the characters said that he couldnt get up from bed in the morning and felt as though his limbs werent connected to the motor driving his body. They wont take direction wont be dictated to the arms, legs, feet, hands. Nothing moves. Nothing even wants to. The brain isnt sending signals.

ALS is a progressive disease that destroys the nerves that move voluntary muscles. More than 6,000 people in the United States are diagnosed with ALS each year. Nobody knows the cause and there is no cure. The brain is supposed to send messages to nerves in the spinal cord which transmit messages to the nerves that move muscles. When a muscle loses its nerve control, it starts to twitch and can waste away to nothing. Early symptoms of ALS include

muscle weakness

twitching

slurred speech

inability to chew food

tripping or stumbling.

The first sign could be difficulty buttoning a shirt, writing, or turning a key in a lock. The disease usually does not affect a persons ability to think and reason, so affected people are terribly disturbed by their lack of ability to control their voluntary muscles. As the disease progresses, a person loses the ability to speak, eat, walk, and eventually breathe. The most common cause of death is inability to breathe, which typically occurs about 3-5 years after symptoms start. Only about ten percent of affected people live more than ten years after first being diagnosed.

Risk Factors and Diagnosis

The disease usually starts between the ages of 55 and 75, but there are no known specific risk factors. Military veterans appear to be twice as likely as non-veterans to develop ALS. Possible causes could be exposure to occupational or environmental toxins such as lead or pesticides, infections or trauma. Family history does not appear to predict the disease.

There are no specific tests to diagnose ALS. It is usually diagnosed by a history of the symptoms, physical examination and ruling out other causes.

Current Treatments and Research

The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has approved riluzole (Rilutek) and edaravone (Radicava) to treat ALS. These drugs offer no hope for a cure, but Riluzole appears to protect nerves by decreasing glutamate, the chemical messenger for nerves that innervate muscles. Intravenous edaravone possibly slows loss of muscle function, but it costs $1,086 per infusion or a yearly cost before government discount of $145,524. Another drug under European review is being developed by French drug maker AB Science SA (ABS.PA). Since there is no cure, all patients should receive physical therapy and speech therapy because inactivity itself causes loss of muscle function.

Since ALS is caused by the death of nerve cells that cause muscles to contract, the most promising line of research is through stem cells. Stem cells are young cells that can become any type of tissue. Treatment in the future may be to program stem cells to become nerve cells that innervate muscles and then inject them into areas where the nerve cells have already died.

Dr. Gabe Mirkin is a Villager. Learn more at http://www.drmirkin.com

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Sam Shepard and Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis - Villages-News

Spinal Cord Stem Cells Comments Off on Sam Shepard and Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis – Villages-News | August 7th, 2017

FREMONT, Calif., Aug. 03, 2017 (GLOBE NEWSWIRE) -- Asterias Biotherapeutics, Inc. (NYSE MKT:AST), a biotechnology company pioneering the field of regenerative medicine, today announced that two additional clinical sites have opened to enroll subjects for the companys ongoing SCiStar Phase 1/2a clinical study of AST-OPC1 in complete cervical spinal cord injury (SCI). The additional clinical sites include: Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, in partnership with Magee Rehabilitation Hospital, in Philadelphia, PA; and UC San Diego Health in San Diego, CA. Asterias now has eight clinical sites throughout the country enrolling patients in the study.

We are excited about the clinical site openings at Thomas Jefferson University Hospital and UC San Diego Health, stated Dr. Edward Wirth III, Chief Medical Officer of Asterias Biotherapeutics. These sites provide additional geographical reach and previous experience with spinal cord injury trials to our SCiStar study. We have recently reported completion of enrollment in four out of five cohorts in our SCiStar study so we hope these institutions will also participate in a future, larger study of AST-OPC1.

Each of the two additional clinical sites is recognized in the treatment of SCI:

The two additional clinical sites join existing clinical sites for the SCiStar study at the Medical College of Wisconsin in Milwaukee, Shepherd Medical Center in Atlanta, University of Southern California (USC) jointly with Rancho Los Amigos National Rehabilitation Center in Los Angeles, Indiana University, Rush University Medical Center in Chicago and Santa Clara Valley Medical Center in San Jose jointly with Stanford University.

Asterias has completed enrollment and dosing in four of the five planned SCiStar study cohorts and enrolled twenty patients in the SCiStar study. Twenty-five patients have been administered AST-OPC1 after including patients from a previous Phase 1 safety trial and results-to-date continue to support the safety of AST-OPC1. In June 2017, Asterias reported 9 month data from the AIS-A 10 million cell cohort that showed improvements in arm, hand and finger function observed at 3-months and 6-months following administration of AST-OPC1 were confirmed and in some patients further increased at 9-months. The company intends to complete enrollment of the entire SCiStar study later this year, with multiple safety and efficacy readouts anticipated during the remainder of 2017 and 2018.

About the SCiStar Trial

The SCiStar trial is an open-label, single-arm trial testing three sequential escalating doses of AST-OPC1 administered at up to 20 million AST-OPC1 cells in as many as 35 patients with subacute motor complete (AIS-A or AIS-B) cervical (C-4 to C-7) SCI. These individuals have essentially lost all movement below their injury site and experience severe paralysis of the upper and lower limbs. AIS-A patients have lost all motor and sensory function below their injury site, while AIS-B patients have lost all motor function but may have retained some minimal sensory function below their injury site. AST-OPC1 is being administered 21 to 42 days post-injury. Patients will be followed by neurological exams and imaging procedures to assess the safety and activity of the product.

Asterias has received a Strategic Partnerships Award grant from the California Institute for Regenerative Medicine, which has provided $14.3 million of non-dilutive funding for the Phase 1/2a clinical trial and other product development activities for AST-OPC1.

Additional information on the Phase 1/2a trial, including trial sites, can be found at http://www.clinicaltrials.gov, using Identifier NCT02302157, and at the SCiStar Study Website (www.SCiStar-study.com).

About AST-OPC1

AST-OPC1, an oligodendrocyte progenitor population derived from human embryonic stem cells originally isolated in 1998, has been shown in animals and in vitro to have three potentially reparative functions that address the complex pathologies observed at the injury site of a spinal cord injury. These activities of AST-OPC1 include production of neurotrophic factors, stimulation of vascularization, and induction of remyelination of denuded axons, all of which are critical for survival, regrowth and conduction of nerve impulses through axons at the injury site.

In a previous Phase 1 clinical trial, five patients with neurologically complete, thoracic spinal cord injury were administered two million AST-OPC1 cells at the spinal cord injury site 7-14 days post-injury. Based on the results of this study, Asterias received clearance from FDA to progress testing of AST-OPC1 to patients with cervical spine injuries in the current SCiStar study, which represents the first targeted population for registration trials. Asterias has completed enrollment in the first four cohorts of this study. Results to date have continued to support the safety of AST-OPC1. Additionally, Asterias has recently reported results suggesting reduced cavitation and improved motor function in patients administered AST-OPC1 in the SCiStar trial.

About Asterias Biotherapeutics

Asterias Biotherapeutics, Inc. is a biotechnology company pioneering the field of regenerative medicine. The company's proprietary cell therapy programs are based on its pluripotent stem cell and immunotherapy platform technologies. Asterias is presently focused on advancing three clinical-stage programs which have the potential to address areas of very high unmet medical need in the fields of neurology and oncology. AST-OPC1 (oligodendrocyte progenitor cells) is currently in a Phase 1/2a dose escalation clinical trial in spinal cord injury. AST-VAC1 (antigen-presenting autologous dendritic cells) is undergoing continuing development by Asterias based on promising efficacy and safety data from a Phase 2 study in Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML), with current efforts focused on streamlining and modernizing the manufacturing process. AST-VAC2 (antigen-presenting allogeneic dendritic cells) represents a second generation, allogeneic cancer immunotherapy. The company's research partner, Cancer Research UK, plans to begin a Phase 1/2a clinical trial of AST-VAC2 in non-small cell lung cancer in 2017. Additional information about Asterias can be found at http://www.asteriasbiotherapeutics.com.

FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS

Statements pertaining to future financial and/or operating and/or clinical research results, future growth in research, technology, clinical development, and potential opportunities for Asterias, along with other statements about the future expectations, beliefs, goals, plans, or prospects expressed by management constitute forward-looking statements. Any statements that are not historical fact (including, but not limited to statements that contain words such as "will," "believes," "plans," "anticipates," "expects," "estimates") should also be considered to be forward-looking statements. Forward-looking statements involve risks and uncertainties, including, without limitation, risks inherent in the development and/or commercialization of potential products, uncertainty in the results of clinical trials or regulatory approvals, need and ability to obtain future capital, and maintenance of intellectual property rights. Actual results may differ materially from the results anticipated in these forward-looking statements and as such should be evaluated together with the many uncertainties that affect the businesses of Asterias, particularly those mentioned in the cautionary statements found in Asterias' filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission. Asterias disclaims any intent or obligation to update these forward-looking statements.

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Asterias Biotherapeutics Opens Two Additional Clinical Sites for ... - GlobeNewswire (press release)

Spinal Cord Stem Cells Comments Off on Asterias Biotherapeutics Opens Two Additional Clinical Sites for … – GlobeNewswire (press release) | August 4th, 2017

Invivo Therapeutics (NASDAQ:NVIV) (OTCQB:NVIVD) has paused patient enrollment in the approval trial of its bioresorbable spinal implant, Neuro-Spinal Scaffold, after a third patient in the study died. The company states that all three deaths have been determined to be unrelated to the product or the implantation procedure, used in patients rendered paraplegic by a spinal cord injury, but the company's shares tanked 27%.

Unless Invivo can somehow shake off the product's worrisome reputation - to this end, it is talking with the FDA to see if enrollment criteria ought to be changed or the study altered in other ways - it will have to rely on its one remaining product, an injected spinal cord injury therapy based on neural stem cells. But this is still in animal trials, so Invivo really needs its Neuro-Spinal Scaffold to be vindicated.

This is the second disappointment for the company in its attempt to develop this project. Four years ago the FDA refused to let it file on data from a pilot study, setting the approval date back by some years (InVivo Therapeutics suffers from FDA's timidity on biologic grafts, August 29, 2013).

The Neuro-Spinal Scaffold is made of two polymers, polylactic-co-glycolic acid and poly-L-lysine. It is implanted at the site of a spinal cord injury to provide structural support and a matrix through which the patient's neural tissue can regrow, after which the graft breaks down over several weeks.

The Inspire trial is testing its safety and probable benefit for the treatment of complete spinal cord injury at the T2-T12 and L1 positions - from roughly shoulder level to just above the waist. The primary endpoint is improvement of one or more grades on the on the American Spinal Injury Association impairment scale (AIS) at six months after implantation. The study is slated to enrol 20 patients, according to Clinicaltrials.gov, and is intended to support a filing for US approval via the humanitarian device exemption (HDE) route.

The most recent patient to sign up to the Inspire study underwent implantation in late June but died suddenly at a healthcare facility following discharge from the hospital.

Invivo could hardly be blamed for pointing out that some of the patients in the Inspire trial had had positive outcomes. One had improved from a complete injury (grade A on the AIS) to having some restored sensory and motor function (grade C) one month after treatment. Another had regained sensory but not motor function (grade B) at six months.

One patient who had improved from a complete injury (grade A) to having sensory function (B) at two months reverted to complete injury at three months, but was deemed to have regained this motor function at the six-month point. The company says that of the 16 patients currently in follow-up seven have improved on the AIS, four of whom have recovered both sensory and motor function to reach grade C.

Five further patients had not improved at six months, and four had shown no improvement but had not yet reached this point.

With trial enrollment on hiatus Invivo will have to wait to find out whether these results might be sufficient to get the graft an HDE approval. The company now hopes to complete enrollment in the first half of next year, and to file its FDA approval application in the second half of 2018.

Use of the Neuro-Spinal Scaffold in complete and incomplete spinal cord injury, at cervical and thoracic levels, is forecast to bring Invivo revenues of $268m in 2022, according to EvaluateMedTech's consensus. By 2022 the sellside sees it outsold by Invivo's only other product, a biomaterial-based scaffold used to deliver neural stem cells to help reconnect the spinal cord by re-growing nerves.

But the scaffold is the more advanced product, and Invivo will be relying on revenues from this to fund clinical development of the stem cell therapy. The trial delay puts this in jeopardy, as the company's shareholders are well aware.

Editor's Note: This article covers one or more stocks trading at less than $1 per share and/or with less than a $100 million market cap. Please be aware of the risks associated with these stocks.

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Third Trial Death Endangers Invivo - Seeking Alpha

Spinal Cord Stem Cells Comments Off on Third Trial Death Endangers Invivo – Seeking Alpha | August 2nd, 2017

School of Public Health (SPH) student Jake Maxon (Burnsville, MN) became interested in policy while working among microscopes and petri dishes. After getting his neuroscience degree from Brown University, Maxon researched spinal cord injuries, which involved stem cell research.

Policy around stem cells brought a different kind of challenge to our research, and I wanted to know more about how policies are created and implemented, he says.

So Maxon enrolled in SPHs Public Health Administration and Policy program, where hes been able to work with many Twin Cities policy organizations, including as a grant reviewer for the Ryan White HIV/AIDS Program and as a policy intern for Hennepin County.

But he wanted to understand policy on a federal level. So he applied to the White House Internship Program. After a six-month selection and vetting process, he was assigned to work alongside the three-person team in the Office of National AIDS Policy, which works to create an integrated approach to the prevention, care, and treatment of HIV/AIDS.

Weve advanced medical care for HIV/AIDS patients, so many people in our country forget that HIV is still an epidemic and its still a public health crisis, says Maxon. More than 4,300 residents in Hennepin County alone are currently living with HIV/AIDS.

While in Washington, D.C., Maxon continued working on his degree and now, nearly finished, finds himself in a new role as coordinator for Hennepin Countys HIV Positively Hennepin strategybased off of the national strategy he helped implement at the White House.

The vision is to create a county where all residents living with HIV/AIDS have healthy, vibrant lives, where there is equitable access to HIV prevention and care, and where there are no new HIV infections.

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A bold vision - UMN News

Spinal Cord Stem Cells Comments Off on A bold vision – UMN News | August 2nd, 2017

The hypothalamus, a command center deep in the brain, helps control everything from hunger to sleep.

Roger Harris/Science Source

By Mitch LeslieJul. 26, 2017 , 1:00 PM

If these sweltering summer days prompt you to reach for a cold drink, you can thank your hypothalamus, a region of the brain that helps us regulate body temperature and other internal conditions. Butthe region may failus when we get older. A new study in mice suggests that the hypothalamus promotes aging, hastening physical and mental decline as its stem cells die off.

Its a pretty stunning paper, says Charles Mobbs, a neuroendocrinologist at the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinaiin New York City. The new aging mechanism is totally novel and quite unexpected, adds neuroendocrinologist Marianna Sadagurski of Wayne State University in Detroit, Michigan.

Tucked away deep in the brain, the hypothalamus monitors and maintains our blood concentration, our body temperature, and other physiological variables. Researchers have also suspected that it plays a role in aging. The hypothalamus becomes inflamed as we get older, and 4 years ago a team led by neurodendocrinologist Dongsheng Cai of Albert Einstein College of Medicine in New York City showed that quelling this inflammation delays physical deterioration and boosts life span in mice.

In the new study, the team turned its attention to the hypothalamuss stem cells, which in young animals divide to produce replacements for dead and damaged cells. As mice get older, the scientists found, the number of stem cells in the hypothalamus plunges. By later ages they are basically all gone,Cai says.

To determine whether this loss promotes aging, researchers tried to speed up the process, genetically altering mice so that stem cells in the hypothalamus died when the animals were dosed with an antiviral drug. Knocking off some 70% of the cells shortened the mices lives by about 8%, the team reports today in Nature. The mices memory, coordination, and endurance also suffered. Behaviorally, they were like grumpy grandparents, less social and curious than youthful rodents. For example, when researchers put a new object into their cages, controlmice spent about twice as long exploring it than did their modified counterparts.

Next, the team tried to reverse this deterioration by injecting stem cells into the hypothalami of middle-aged animals. Mice that received the stem cells outlived mice injected with a different type of brain cell by more than 10%, and they retained more of their physical and mental capabilities. In humans, the extra boost could mean a few more years of healthy life, Mobbs notes.

Researchers assume the loss of stem cells causes organs and tissues to wear out gradually because they cant replenish their lost cells. But because injecting stem cells into the mice produced benefits quickly, Cai and his colleagues concluded a faster-acting mechanism was at work.

Their suspicions fell on RNA molecules known as microRNAs, which stem cells manufacture and release. These microRNAs ferry messages to other cells, altering which proteins they produce. The researchers found that stem cells from the hypothalamus pump out huge amounts of microRNAs, packaged in tiny containers called exosomes. They also found that injecting mice with microRNA-rich exosomes isolated from cultures of young hypothalamus stem cells slowed the animals physical and cognitive breakdown almost as much as injections of stem cells.

The big question is how those microRNAs influence function, Mobbs says. The molecules could spur other cells to curb inflammation or stress, Cai says, though he isnt certain how they work. Where the microRNAs exert their effects is also a mystery. Their targets may be other cells in the brain or the spinal cord, but they might also slip into the bloodstream and prod cells elsewhere in the body.

The work suggests that protecting or replacing the hypothalamuss stem cellsor replicating the effects of the microRNAscould slow aging in humans. It might also be possible to suppress the inflammation that provokes the stem cell die-off, Sadagurski says. She says some current drugs, including the diabetes treatment acarbose, curb inflammation in the hypothalamus and may be worth testing.

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The breakdown of this brain region may accelerate aging - Science Magazine

Spinal Cord Stem Cells Comments Off on The breakdown of this brain region may accelerate aging – Science Magazine | July 31st, 2017

Some big scientific breakthroughs are set to take place this year.

And fortunes could be made with a few off-the-radar biotech pioneers.

What I am talking about are the handful of small biotech companies applying regenerative medicine platforms to degenerative diseases and ailments like paralysis.

These degenerative diseases have always been tough to treat, and few therapies are available. Thats not surprising, since weve lacked until recently the ability to create healthy and functioning human cells to replace ones lost in the body to injury and disease.

Now, though, a handful of breakthrough companies are aiming to correct that lack with new pluripotent stem cell technology.

Stem cells have the ability to reproduce and change into functional cells and tissues. And pluripotent stem cells are the most potent. They can turn into any cell type in the human body. Furthermore, they can divide and reproduce without end.

This makes them an ideal starting point for manufacturing cell-based therapies.

One company using this platform to help heal spinal cord injuries and paralysis is already heaving great success in FDA trials with a new cell line.

Their recent FDA Phase 1 trial data shows that patients treated with a new cell line are seeing a significant return of nerve function thanks to these grafts.

And last month, this same company announced nine-month follow-up data for patients that were given a 10 million cell dose to their injury. Even though this is only half of what researchers believe will be a full dose, at least 50% of patients have already shown signs of recovery.

This includes two levels of improvement in motor function, as well as improvements in arm, hand and finger function.

The nine-month data confirms what the company reported at three and six months, too.

Showing us that the new cell therapy has great durability. The introduced cells help heal the injury, and the result is more than temporary.

Under the accumulating evidence, the FDA has also decided to approve an expansion to this trial to include patients with spinal cord injury at the C4 location which is in the middle of the neck.

This is a very significant development.

The C4 spinal location is one of the most common locations for a spinal cord injury, and it often results in paralysis from the neck down.

And now the FDA is allowing the company to expand its treatment window from 1430 days after injury to 2142 days.

All these data bode very nicely for the future.

And not only for the developers of this specific cell therapy, but for other small biotech companies also trying to carve out market share in the pluripotent stem cell therapy space.

According to the National Spinal Cord Injury Statistical Center, there are some 17,000 new spinal cord injuries per year. This represents a large potential market for any company that masters this new technology and provides viable treatments for degenerative injuries.

Even more promising is that this new cell technology may also be used to treat cancer. And another group of tiny biotech companies are leading the way in research for this application, too.

We hope to see the data from these other FDA trials focusing on developing cancer vaccines during the second half of 2017.

If any of these new trial results comes back positive as early indications are showing, then were looking a tsunami sized wave of new opportunities in biotech. And for the handful of small companies and their investors, this should be a game changer.

As it stands currently, most of the companies making the push into regenerative medicine using new stem cell technology remain largely undiscovered.

As the FDA data become more actionable and these treatments move closer to market introduction, there will be some great plays to make.

And when that happens Ill be right here to make sure you have the best chance for the big score with this new technology.

To a bright future,

Ray Blancofor The Daily Reckoning

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Off-the-Radar Biotechs About to Break Out - Daily Reckoning

Spinal Cord Stem Cells Comments Off on Off-the-Radar Biotechs About to Break Out – Daily Reckoning | July 31st, 2017

NEW YORK, July 12, 2017 /PRNewswire/ -- The global stem cell market is expected to reach USD 15.63billion by 2025, growing at a CAGR of 9.2%, according to a new report by Grand View Research, Inc.

Augmentation in research studies that aim at broadening the utility scope of associated products is anticipated to drive the market growth. These research projects have opened the possibility of implementation of several clinical applications of these cells, thereby impacting disease-modifying treatments.

Read the full report: http://www.reportlinker.com/p04998556/Stem-Cells-Market-Analysis-By-Product-Adult-Stem-Cells-hESC-Induced-Pluripotent-Stem-Cells-By-Application-Regenerative-Medicine-Drug-Discovery-By-Technology-By-Therapy-And-Segment-Forecasts.html

Scientists are engaged in discovering novel methods to create human stem cells. This is to address the increasing demand for stem cell production for potential investigation in disease management. This factor is certainly expected to accelerate the development of regenerative medicine, thus driving industrial growth.

Moreover, cellular therapies are recognized as the next major advancements in transforming healthcare. Firms are expanding their cellular therapy portfolio, understanding the future potential of this arena in the treatment of Parkinson's disease, type 1 diabetes, spinal cord injury, Alzheimer's disease, and others.

In March 2016, Scientists at Michigan State University unveiled new kind of cells "induced XEN cells" from a cellular trash pile. This discovery is expected to drive advancements in regenerative medicine. Such discoveries are anticipated to bolster research and sales in this market over the forecast period.

Further key findings from the report suggest: Adult stem cells dominated the market and is expected to maintain its dominance. This can be attributed to the several factors such as lower rejection rates, long term renewal property, and no ethical concerns associated with their usage Application wise regenerative medicine is estimated to hold the substantial share of the revenue Presence of significant number pipeline projects for regenerative medicine is expected to fuel growth in the market In addition, exploding research projects have driven the need of harvesting techniques, thereby propelling progress of acquisition technology Increased R&D activities and huge funds granted by funding bodies to advance cellular research in the U.S. have resulted into the large share of North America Extensive research carried out in Singapore and Japan is anticipated to drive progress with lucrative avenues Advanced Cell Technology Inc, Osiris Therapeutics Inc, Celgene Corporation, BIOTIME, INC., Cynata, and STEMCELL Technologies Inc., are some of the major companies operating in this market A number of companies are engaged in seeking investment from overseas organizations and also developing partnerships with the pharmaceutical organizations

Read the full report: http://www.reportlinker.com/p04998556/Stem-Cells-Market-Analysis-By-Product-Adult-Stem-Cells-hESC-Induced-Pluripotent-Stem-Cells-By-Application-Regenerative-Medicine-Drug-Discovery-By-Technology-By-Therapy-And-Segment-Forecasts.html

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Stem Cells Market Analysis By Product (Adult Stem Cells, hESC ... - PR Newswire (press release)

Spinal Cord Stem Cells Comments Off on Stem Cells Market Analysis By Product (Adult Stem Cells, hESC … – PR Newswire (press release) | July 13th, 2017

According to recent study, advancements in materials from this study could potentially help patients requiring stem cell therapies for spinal cord injuries, stroke, Parkinsons disease, Alzheimers disease, arthritic joints or any other condition requiring tissue regeneration. Earlier research revolved around the role of autoimmunity in terms of a treatment.

Its important in the context of cell therapies for people to cure these diseases or regenerate tissues that are no longer functional, shared Samuel I. Stupp, director of Northwesterns Simpson Querrey Institute for BioNanotechnology and Board of Trustees Professor of Materials Science and Engineering, Chemistry, Medicine and Biomedical Engineering.

Cells in our bodies are constantly being signalled with many types of instructions coming from proteins and other molecules present in the matrices that surround them. For example, these can be cues for cells to express specific genes so they can proliferate or differentiate into several types of cells leading to growth or regeneration of tissues. One of the marvels of this signalling machinery is the built-in capacity in living organisms to make signals stop and restart as needed, or to switch off one signal and activate a different one to orchestrate very complex processes.

Building artificial materials with this type of dynamic capacity for regenerative therapies has been virtually impossible so far. The new work published today reports the development of the first synthetic material that has the capability to trigger reversibly this type of dynamic signalling. The platform could not only lead to materials that manage stem cells for more effective regenerative therapies, but will also allow scientists to explore and discover in the laboratory new ways to control the fate of cells and their functions.

One of the findings is the possibility of using the synthetic material to signal neural stem cells to proliferate, then at a specific time selected by the operator, trigger their differentiation into neurons and then return the stem cells back to a proliferative state on demand. The paper also reports that spinal cord neural stem cells, initially grouped into structures known as neurospheres, can be driven to spread out and differentiate using a signal.

But when this signal is switched off, the cells spontaneously regroup themselves into colonies. This uncovers strong interactions among these cells that could be important in understanding developmental and regenerative cues. The potential use of the new technology to manipulate cells could help cure a patient with Parkinsons disease. The patients own skin cells could be converted to stem cells using existing techniques.

The new technology could help expand the newly converted stem cells in vitro in the lab and then drive their differentiation into dopamine-producing neurons before transplantation back to the patient. In the new technology, materials are chemically decorated with different strands of DNA, each designed to display a different signal to cells.

People would love to have cell therapies that utilize stem cells derived from their own bodies to regenerate tissue. In principle, this will eventually be possible, but one needs procedures that are effective at expanding and differentiating cells in order to do so. Our technology does that, noted Stupp. While this process is currently only done in vitro with the vision of then transplanting cells, Stupp said in the future it might be possible to perform this process in vivo.

The stem cells would be implanted in the clinic, encapsulated in the type of material described in the new work, via an injection and targeted to a particular spot. Then the soluble molecules would be given to the patient to manipulate proliferation and differentiation of transplanted cells. The study was published in journal Nature Communications.

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Cell therapy may be key to treating Alzheimer's & Parkinson's - Economic Times

Spinal Cord Stem Cells Comments Off on Cell therapy may be key to treating Alzheimer’s & Parkinson’s – Economic Times | July 13th, 2017

"The FDA's decision to allow Asterias to enroll qualified patients with C-4 level injuries is the result of the data supporting the safety of both AST-OPC1 and the procedure to inject the cells, and means that the second most common cervical spinal cord injury population can now be eligible to receive AST-OPC1," said Dr. Edward Wirth, Chief Medical Officer of Asterias. "The overall changes to the study protocol will enhance our ability to enroll qualified patient candidates for our current SCiStar study and we also expect the changes to help enrollment rates in a future, larger clinical study."

The protocol amendment will expand patient eligibility and enable study investigators to administer AST-OPC1 to patients with injuries at one vertebral level higher than the trial's previous C-5 limitation, to the fourth cervical vertebra down, known as C-4, near the middle of the neck. A C-4 cervical level injury, the second most common level of SCI in the SCiStar study's targeted patient population, generally means that the injured person is paralyzed from the neck down and requires round-the-clock care. The lifetime direct costs of care for a patient suffering a high cervical spinal cord injury, such as a C-4 spinal cord injury, can approach $5 million. As suggested by existing research, if these patients can show two motor levels of improvement on at least one side they may regain the ability to perform daily activities such as feeding, dressing and bathing, which increases their quality of life and independence and significantly reduces the overall level of required daily assistance and associated healthcare costs for these patients.

In addition, the amendment to inclusion parameters will also expand the dosing window to 21 to 42 days after a patient's spinal cord injury occurs, providing study investigators more time to screen patients to determine if they are eligible to participate in the SCiStar study. The expansion of the dosing window is supported by recent preclinical research that indicated AST-OPC1 cells can durably engraft at a patient's injury site when administered up to two months after the date of injury.

About the SCiStar Trial

The SCiStar trial is an open-label, single-arm trial testing three sequential escalating doses of AST-OPC1 administered at up to 20 million AST-OPC1 cells in as many as 35 patients with subacute, C-4 to C-7, motor complete (AIS-A or AIS-B) cervical SCI. These individuals have essentially lost all movement below their injury site and experience severe paralysis of the upper and lower limbs. AIS-A patients have lost all motor and sensory function below their injury site, while AIS-B patients have lost all motor function but may have retained some minimal sensory function below their injury site. AST-OPC1 is being administered 21 to 42 days post-injury. Patients will be followed by neurological exams and imaging procedures to assess the safety and activity of the product.

The study is being conducted at six centers in the U.S. and the company plans to increase this to up to 12 sites to accommodate the expanded patient enrollment. Clinical sites involved in the study include the Medical College of Wisconsin in Milwaukee, Shepherd Medical Center in Atlanta, University of Southern California (USC) jointly with Rancho Los Amigos National Rehabilitation Center in Los Angeles, Indiana University, Rush University Medical Center in Chicago and Santa Clara Valley Medical Center in San Jose jointly with Stanford University.

Asterias has received a Strategic Partnerships Award grant from the California Institute for Regenerative Medicine, which provides $14.3 million of non-dilutive funding for the Phase 1/2a clinical trial and other product development activities for AST-OPC1.

Additional information on the Phase 1/2a trial, including trial sites, can be found at http://www.clinicaltrials.gov, using Identifier NCT02302157, and at the SCiStar Study Website (www.SCiStar-study.com).

About AST-OPC1

AST-OPC1, an oligodendrocyte progenitor population derived from human embryonic stem cells originally isolated in 1998, has been shown in animals and in vitro to have three potentially reparative functions that address the complex pathologies observed at the injury site of a spinal cord injury. These activities of AST-OPC1 include production of neurotrophic factors, stimulation of vascularization, and induction of remyelination of denuded axons, all of which are critical for survival, regrowth and conduction of nerve impulses through axons at the injury site. In preclinical animal testing, AST-OPC1 administration led to remyelination of axons, improved hindlimb and forelimb locomotor function, dramatic reductions in injury-related cavitation and significant preservation of myelinated axons traversing the injury site.

In a previous Phase 1 clinical trial, five patients with neurologically complete, thoracic spinal cord injury were administered two million AST-OPC1 cells at the spinal cord injury site 7-14 days post-injury. Based on the results of this study, Asterias received clearance from FDA to progress testing of AST-OPC1 to patients with cervical spine injuries in the current SCiStar study, which represents the first targeted population for registration trials. Asterias has completed enrollment in the first two cohorts of this study. Results to date have continued to support the safety of AST-OPC1, with no serious adverse events related to AST-OPC1 or its administration. Additionally, Asterias has recently reported results suggesting reduced cavitation and improved motor function in patients administered AST-OPC1 in the SCiStar trial.

About Asterias Biotherapeutics

Asterias Biotherapeutics, Inc. is a biotechnology company pioneering the field of regenerative medicine. The company's proprietary cell therapy programs are based on its pluripotent stem cell and immunotherapy platform technologies. Asterias is presently focused on advancing three clinical-stage programs which have the potential to address areas of very high unmet medical need in the fields of neurology and oncology. AST-OPC1 (oligodendrocyte progenitor cells) is currently in a Phase 1/2a dose escalation clinical trial in spinal cord injury. AST-VAC1 (antigen-presenting autologous dendritic cells) is undergoing continuing development by Asterias based on promising efficacy and safety data from a Phase 2 study in Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML), with current efforts focused on streamlining and modernizing the manufacturing process. AST-VAC2 (antigen-presenting allogeneic dendritic cells) represents a second generation, allogeneic cancer immunotherapy. The company's research partner, Cancer Research UK, plans to begin a Phase 1/2a clinical trial of AST-VAC2 in non-small cell lung cancer in 2017. Additional information about Asterias can be found at http://www.asteriasbiotherapeutics.com.

FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS

Statements pertaining to future financial and/or operating and/or clinical research results, future growth in research, technology, clinical development, and potential opportunities for Asterias, along with other statements about the future expectations, beliefs, goals, plans, or prospects expressed by management constitute forward-looking statements. Any statements that are not historical fact (including, but not limited to statements that contain words such as "will," "believes," "plans," "anticipates," "expects," "estimates") should also be considered to be forward-looking statements. Forward-looking statements involve risks and uncertainties, including, without limitation, risks inherent in the development and/or commercialization of potential products, uncertainty in the results of clinical trials or regulatory approvals, need and ability to obtain future capital, and maintenance of intellectual property rights. Actual results may differ materially from the results anticipated in these forward-looking statements and as such should be evaluated together with the many uncertainties that affect the businesses of Asterias, particularly those mentioned in the cautionary statements found in Asterias' filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission. Asterias disclaims any intent or obligation to update these forward-looking statements.

View original content:http://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/asterias-biotherapeutics-receives-fda-clearance-to-enroll-c-4-patients-in-scistar-study-300485009.html

SOURCE Asterias Biotherapeutics, Inc.

http://www.asteriasbiotherapeutics.com

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Asterias Biotherapeutics Receives FDA Clearance to Enroll C-4 Patients in SCiStar Study - PR Newswire (press release)

Spinal Cord Stem Cells Comments Off on Asterias Biotherapeutics Receives FDA Clearance to Enroll C-4 Patients in SCiStar Study – PR Newswire (press release) | July 11th, 2017

Getty Images/Spencer Platt

Stem cell science is an area of medical research that continues to offer great promise. But as this weeks paper in Science Translational Medicine highlights, a growing number of clinics around the globe, including in Australia, are exploiting regulatory gaps to sell so-called stem cell treatments without evidence that what they offer is effective or even safe.

Such unregulated direct-to-consumer advertising typically of cells obtained using liposuction-like methods not only places the health of individuals at risk, but could also undermine the legitimate development of stem cell-based therapies.

Many academic societies and professional medical organisations have raised concerns about these futile and often expensive cell therapies. Despite this, national regulators have typically been slow or ineffective in curtailing them.

As well as tighter regulations here, international regulators such as the World Health Organisation and the International Council on Harmonisation need to move on ensuring patients desperate for cures arent sold treatments with limited efficacy and unknown safety.

Hundreds of stem cell clinics post online claims that they have been able to treat patients suffering from a wide range of conditions. These include osteoarthritis, pain, spinal cord injury, multiple sclerosis, diabetes and infertility. The websites are high on rhetoric of science often using various accreditation, awards and other tokens to imply legitimacy but low on proof that they work.

osteoporosis strong bones workout old lady

Donna McWilliam/APRather than producing independently verified results, these clinics rely on patient testimonials or unsubstantiated claims of improvement. In so doing these shonky clinics understate the risks to patient health associated with these unproven stem cell-based interventions.

Properly administered informed consent is often overlooked or ignored, so patients can be misled about the likelihood of success. In addition to heavy financial burdens imposed on patients and their families, there is often an opportunity cost because the time wasted in receiving futile stem cells diverts patients away from proven medicines.

The many recent reports of adverse outcomes demonstrate the risks of receiving unproven cell therapies are not trivial. In the USA three women were blinded following experimental stem cell treatment for macular degeneration (a degenerative eye disease that can cause blindness). One man was rendered a quadriplegic following a stem cell intervention for stroke. And a woman whose family sought treatment for her dementia died in Australia.

Other notorious cases involving the deaths of patients include the German government shutting down the X-Cell Centre and the Italian government closing the Stamina Foundation it had previously supported.

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REUTERS/Juan Carlos UlateAt present, the only recognised stem cell treatments are those utilising blood stem cells isolated from bone marrow, peripheral blood (the cellular components of blood such as red and white blood cells and platelets) or umbilical cord blood.

Hundreds of thousand of lives have been saved over the last half-century in patients with cancers such as leukaemia, lymphoma and multiple myeloma, as well as rare inherited immune and metabolic disorders.

A few types of cancer and autoimmune diseases may also benefit from blood stem cells in the context of chemotherapy. Different stem cells are also successfully used for corneal and skin grafting.

All other applications remain in the preclinical research phase or are just starting to be evaluated in clinical trials.

Often dismissed by for-profit clinics as red tape hampering progress, the rigour of clinical trials allows for the collection of impartial evidence. Such information is usually required before a new drug or medical device is released into the marketplace. Unfortunately, in the case of for-profit stem cell clinics, their marketing has gazumped the scientific evidence.

Action is required on many fronts. Regulators at both an international and national level need to tackle regulatory loopholes and challenge unfounded marketing claims of businesses selling unproven stem cell interventions.

Researchers need to more clearly communicate their findings and the necessary next steps to responsibly take their science from the laboratory to the clinic. And they should acknowledge that this will take time.

Patients and their loved ones must be encouraged to seek advice from a trained reputable health care professional, someone who knows their medical history. They should think twice if someone is offering a treatment outside standards of practice.

The stakes are too high not to have these difficult conversations. If a stem cell treatment sounds too good to be true, it probably is.

NOW WATCH: America's B-2 stealth bomber is unlike any military aircraft in the world

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Private clinics are peddling untested stem cell treatments it's unethical and dangerous - Yahoo News UK

Spinal Cord Stem Cells Comments Off on Private clinics are peddling untested stem cell treatments it’s unethical and dangerous – Yahoo News UK | July 9th, 2017

By David Ikudayisi

Stem Cell Therapy comes in different types. Embryonic Stem Cell Therapy involves the use of embryonic stem cells derived from the inner cell mass of a blastocyst, an early-stage pre-implantation embryo at 4 days old to around 12 days old, leading to the destruction of the blastocyst which raises ethical and religious issues. Therefore, this type of Stem Cell Therapy is not the focus of this piece. The focus is Adult Stem Cells (ADSCs) and Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells (iPSCs). iPSCs are produced in the laboratories by reprogramming adult cells to express embryonic stem cells characteristics whereas ADSCs are cells obtained from an adult patient who will also be the recipient of the same stem cells.

In the United States, we must transplant the cells back to the same patient on the same day, while in some countries, the stem cells can be cultured to increase the quantity of stem cells before transplanting them back to the same patient who donated them.

Stem Cell Transplantation is a complex process that needs the care of experts in Regenerative Medicine, a new speciality of medicine . In order to ensure that science remains as the vehicle for hope and not harm, the controversies associated with the legal, social and legal issues of certain areas of stem cells research and stem cells potential clinical applications must be carefully examined. Advancing treatment and care for patients to save a life is and must be the ultimate goal.

Regenerative Medicine helps people to naturally regenerate and rejuvenate their bodies from the different conditions they may be suffering from without using chemicals or the orthodox medicine we are used to, but Adult Stem Cells Platelet Rich Plasma (PRP), that is, blood plasma that has been enriched with platelets, and contains growth factors which may elicit the gathering of stem cells around the damaged region stimulating cellular proliferation and tissue regeneration. PRP can be used to promote healing of injured tendons, ligaments, muscles, joints and can be applied to various musculoskeletal problems. The process allows your own (autologous) stem cells to be re-introduced into/around areas of damage or chronic disease. As mentioned earlier, the extraction and transplantation of the stem cells are done on the same day in the United States. Bone marrow transplant has been the most widely used Stem Cell Therapy till date, but Adult Adipose-Derived (fat) Stem Cell Therapy is fast gaining popularity as fat harvesting is less invasive than bone marrow harvesting. You get more stem cells from fat than bone marrow, and fat stem cells are not age-dependent. Adult Stem Cell Therapy may hold answers to many questions and problems that we doctors believed had no solutions, especially neurological disorders. The therapy, with or without PRP, revitalizes and regenerates the body organs and systems; it also reverses and repairs many pending subclinical medical problems before they become apparent, including the diseases that are age-related. Generally, Adult Stem Cell Therapy is safe as shown by many published research reports and clinical trials. However, this does not guarantee that adverse effects cant occur if the treatment is done by physicians that are not properly trained.

The therapy has helped a lot of people all over the world to regain their lives from debilitating ailments and Nigerians are not left behind. There are people in Nigeria that were either wheelchair bound and walking with occasional use of a cane before but now walking without one; diabetes patients are able to have restoration of vision in their eyes, and some feel and look younger. It has helped chronic kidney disease patients in Nigeria that are on hemodialysis to either reduce the frequency of hemodialysis per week or like a patient that was recommended to have kidney transplant a year ago but who is now off hemodialysis and off diabetic medications, and remains stable for the past months. Men with Erectile Dysfunction are now feeling like young men again. I cannot but mention that the type of treatment protocol and dosage of stem cells used also play a role in the efficacy of the treatment, and not everyone will respond in the same manner. Most of the patients, in studies, showed improvements after the first treatment, and the few that needed second treatment went on to see great results after more treatments were done; needless to say that they were elated with the results. The only group of patients that will always need more than a couple of transplantation sessions are patients with neurological disorders. Latest researches and evidence-based studies showed the number of treatment sessions needed to get significant clinical results can decrease by adding Exosomes to the treatment sessions.

In a recently publication in Germany, the new concept, developed around 2010 of how stem cells works, was reinforced where it stated that most of the effects of stem cells are through the Paracrine effects, delivered by the Exosomes. Exosomes are extracellular cell-derived vesicles that are present in almost all biological fluids. When secreted by stem cells, Exosomes are those tiny communication vesicles that interact with surrounding cells, thereby creating therapeutic activity. This is called the Paracrine effect. The Paracrine soluble factors (communication vesicles) have specialized functions and play a key role in intercellular signaling and in the following properties immune modulatory, neuroprotective, anti-inflammatory, neurotrophic, angiotrophic, anti-apoptotic and anti-oxidatory. Stem cells also secrete other important proteins and cytokines that have healing properties.

There are some diseases that conventional treatments have no cure for, but Adult Stem Cell Therapy can reverse the symptoms of those diseases, repair and regenerate the damaged tissues or organs affected. In some cases, it significantly slows down the progression of the disorder. For example, it can regenerate the bony joints in arthritis, repair and strengthen partial rotator cuff tears and avascular necrosis of the hip without surgery, revitalize the sexual organs in men and women, regenerate renal cells in kidney diseases, modulate immune system without use of medications that have very serious side effects in conditions like Rheumatoid Arthritis, Lupus, Scleroderma, Crohns disease, etc. Another advantage is its application in neurological disorders like ALS and spinal cord injury.

Adult Stem Cell Therapy can gradually lower diabetic medications dosage and eventually may get the patients off diabetic medications. This is evidenced by stem cells in a hyperglycemic medium differentiating into pancreatic cells; therefore leading to increased development of new blood vessels, secretion of various products of the immune system, and upregulation of pancreatic transcription factors and vascular growth factor. This aids the pancreas to regenerate and boost its ability to produce insulin. In stroke patients, stem cells activate cells around the suffering brain tissue to catalyze rapid healing and to improve brain function, thereby restoring motor function. Until recently, it was believed that damage to the brain tissue was permanent. This is being challenged by the evidences of re-growth of brain cells and improvements of neurological function documented with the use of Adult Stem Cells.

A procedure called P-Shot for Men uses the PRP Therapy to resolve challenges relating to Erectile Dysfunction by regenerating the damaged tissues. It gives treated men the possibility of saving their relationships by increasing stamina, enjoying bigger and harder genitals, and eventually increasing the length and girth. Orgasm-Shot for Women, the regenerative medicine procedure for womens sexual function, leads to increased ability to have orgasm, better arousal from clitoris stimulation, decreased pain during intercourse, tighter vaginal opening, increased sexual desire and natural lubrication, and increased arousal from G-spot stimulation. In addition, because of the O-Shot rejuvenation capabilities, there is help available for women suffering from urinary stress incontinence without the need for invasive surgery.

Since the stem cells used are autologous, there is no risk of rejection of the stem cell transplant. Nevertheless, as with any procedure, there is a risk of infection which can be very minimal or non-existent if done under the right conditions. Adult Stem Cells Transplantation can also be considered by people looking for alternative treatments especially in the areas of diabetes, hypertension, kidney disease, female and male sexual dysfunction, joint pain, neurological disorder and autoimmune disease. The cost of treatment varies, and it is not for everyone. However, you cant place a price tag on life just as the saying goes that health is wealth.

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Stem Cell Therapy: You can be sexually active again - Vanguard ... - Vanguard

Spinal Cord Stem Cells Comments Off on Stem Cell Therapy: You can be sexually active again – Vanguard … – Vanguard | July 9th, 2017

KYOTO Embryonic stem cells for regenerative medicine will become available to medical institutions by the March 2018 end of fiscal 2017, Hirofumi Suemori, associate professor at Kyoto Universitys Institute for Frontier Life and Medical Sciences, has said.

Suemori also said Tuesday that ES cells for medical treatment, which have been approved by both the health and science ministries, would be created from October at the earliest.

To make ES cells, Kyoto University will work with Adachi Hospital in the city of Kyoto, which offers infertility treatment, to use fertilized eggs that would otherwise be disposed of.

The university hopes to obtain unwanted fertilized eggs from patients undergoing infertility treatment. The fertilized eggs are expected to be provided from around next February, the university said.

ES cells have the potential to become a variety of cell types much as induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells do. Using ES cells, clinical trials are being conducted abroad on retinopathy, spinal cord injuries, Parkinsons disease, diabetes and cardiac disorders.

Many patients have qualms about discarding fertilized eggs, said Adachi Hospital Director Hiroshi Hatayama, who joined Suemori for a news conference. We can present an option to them, Hatayama said.

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Embryonic stem cells to be available for medical use in Japan by next March - The Japan Times

Spinal Cord Stem Cells Comments Off on Embryonic stem cells to be available for medical use in Japan by next March – The Japan Times | July 5th, 2017

BAREILLY: Dog owners from across the country, including Delhi and Gujarat, are turning up with their paralytic pets at the Indian Veterinary Research Institute (IVRI) here for stem cell therapy. Scientists treat a paralyzed dog by transplanting stem cells from healthy dogs. IVRI is the second institute in the country to offer this treatment, after Madras Veterinary College, Chennai.

According to scientists, no research has been conducted to determine the number of dogs who suffer from paralysis every year in India. However, the institute receives at least four cases every week of spinal trauma which causes paralysis in dogs. IVRI recorded 143 cases of posterior paralysis in 2016. These were treated with stem cell therapy and medicines.

"If dogs are treated only with medicines, recovery is witnessed only in a few cases," said Amarpal (who goes by his first name), head and principal scientist, division of surgery, IVRI. On an average, 17% recovery rate was noted among dogs administered only medicines.

However, the best response was recorded among severely affected dogs when they were treated using stem cells, where almost all the patients responded to treatment to variable extent, said the scientist. "Though we have cases where recovery was 100%, the average recovery rate is about 50%. The experiment proved the efficacy of stem cell therapy in cases of paralysis due to spinal trauma," said Amarpal. After seven years of research, stem cell therapy was started at IVRI five years ago for clinical purposes on a nominal registration fee of Rs 30.

Due to its success, pet owners from various parts of the country have started visiting the institute.

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Dog owners flock IVRI for pets' cure | Bareilly News - Times of India - Times of India

Spinal Cord Stem Cells Comments Off on Dog owners flock IVRI for pets’ cure | Bareilly News – Times of India – Times of India | July 4th, 2017

The arthritis in Maureen Munsies ankles was so intense until barely a year ago, she literally had to crawl on hands and knees to get upstairs.

The pain, she recalls now, took my breath away, and played havoc with the avid hikers favourite pastime.

In desperation, Munsie turned to a Toronto-area clinic that provides a treatment many experts consider still experimental, unproven and of questionable safety.

The 63-year-old says the stem cells she received at Regenervate Medical Injection Therapy 18 months ago were transformational, all but eliminating the debilitating soreness and even allowing her to hike Argentinas Patagonia mountains two months ago.

For me its been a life saver, Munsie says. Ive been able to do it all again I dont have any of that pain, at all.

Canadians drawn to the healing promise of stem cells have for years travelled outside the country to such places as Mexico, China or Arizona, taking part in a dubious form of medical tourism.

But Regenervate is one of a handful of clinics in Canada that have begun offering injections of stem cells, satisfying growing demand but raising questions about whether a medical idea with huge potential is ready for routine patient care.

Especially when those patients can pay thousands of dollars for the service.

Clinics in Ontario and Alberta are treating arthritis, joint injuries, disc problems and even skin conditions with stem cells typically taken from patients fat tissue or bone marrow.

The underlying idea is compelling: stem cells can differentiate or transform into many other types of cell, a unique quality that evidence suggests allows them to grow or regenerate tissue damaged by disease or injury.

Researchers including hundreds in Canada alone are examining stem-cell treatments for everything from ailing hearts to severed spinal cords.

With few exceptions, however, the concept is still being studied in the lab or in human trials; virtually none of the treatments have been definitively proven effective by science or approved by regulators like Health Canada.

The fact that Canadian clinics are now offering stem-cell treatments commercially is concerning on a number of levels, not least because of safety issues, says Ubaka Ogbogu, a health law professor at the University of Alberta.

Three U.S. women were blinded after receiving stem-cell injections in their eyes, while other American patients have developed bony masses or tumours at injection sites, Ogbogu said.

Stem cells have to be controlled to act exactly the way you want them to act, and thats why the research takes time, he said. It is simply wrong for these clinics to take a proof of concept and run with it.

Ogbogu says Health Canada must crack down on the burgeoning industry but says the regulator has so far been conspicuous by its inaction.

Other experts say the procedures provided here typically for joint pain are likely relatively safe, but still warn that care must be taken that the stem cells do not develop into the wrong type of tissue, or at the wrong place.

Alberta Health Services convened a workshop on the issue late last year, concluding there is an urgent need to develop a certification system for cell preparation and delivery to avoid spontaneous transformation of (stem cells) into unwanted tissue.

But one of the pioneers of the service in Canada says theres no empirical evidence that such growths can develop, and suggests the treatments only real risk as with an invasive procedure is infection.

Meanwhile, patients at Regenervate have enjoyed impressive outcomes after paying fees from $750 to $3,900, says Dr. Douglas Stoddard, the clinics medical director.

About 80 per cent report less pain, stiffness and weakness within a few months of getting their stem-cell injection, he said.

I believe medical progress is not just limited to the laboratory and randomized double-blind trials, Stoddard said. A lot of progress starts in the clinic, dealing with patients You see something works, you see something has merit, and then its usually the scientists that seem to catch up later.

The Orthopedic Sport Institute in Collingwood, Ont., the Central Alberta Pain and Rehabilitation Institute and Cleveland Clinic in Toronto all advertise similar stem-cell treatments for orthopedic problems.

Edmontons Regen Clinic says it plans to start doing so this fall.

Ottawas Innovo says it also treats a range of back conditions with injections between the vertebrae, and uses stem cells to alleviate nerve damage.

Orthopedic Sport says its doctor focuses on FDA and Health Canada approved stem-cell injection therapy for patient care.

In fact, no treatment of the sort the clinics here provide has ever been authorized.

Health Canada says the vast majority of stem-cell therapies would constitute a drug and therefore need to be authorized after a clinical trial or new drug submission.

A number of stem-cell trials are underway, but only one treatment Prochymal has been approved, said department spokesman Eric Morrissette. Designed to combat graft-versus-host disease where bone marrow transplants for treating cancer essentially attack the patients body its unlike any of the services the stem-cell providers here offer.

But as the U.S. Food and Drug Administration aggressively pursues the hundreds of clinics in America, Health Canada says only that its committed to addressing complaints it receives.

It will take action based on the risk posed to the general public, said Morrissette, who encouraged people to pass on to the department information about possible non-compliant products.

Stoddard said the injections his clinics provide are made up of minimally manipulated tissue from patients own bodies and any attempt to crack down would be regulation for the sake of regulation.

But academic experts remain skeptical about the effectiveness of the treatments.

Scientific evidence suggests the injections may help alleviate joint pain temporarily, but probably just because of anti-inflammatory secretions from the cells not regeneration, said Dr. David Hart, an orthopedic surgery professor at the University of Calgary who headed the Alberta workshop.

Theres a need for understanding whats going on here and theres a need for regulation, he said.

Most of the clinics say they use a centrifuge to concentrate the stem cells after removing them from patients fat tissue or bone marrow. But its unclear if the clinics even know how many cells they are eventually injecting into patients, says Jeff Biernaskie, a stem-cell scientist at the University of Calgary.

Munsie, on the other hand, has no doubts about the value of her own treatment, even with a $3,000 price tag.

The procedure from extraction of fat tissue in her behind to the injection of cells into her ankles took barely over an hour.

Within three months, the retired massage therapist from north of Toronto says she could walk her dogs again. Last week, she was hiking near Banff.

Im a real believer in it, and the possibility of stem cells, says Munsie. I just think Wow, if we can heal with our own body, its pretty amazing.

tblackwell@nationalpost.com

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Canadian clinics begin offering stem-cell treatments experts call unproven, possibly unsafe - National Post

Spinal Cord Stem Cells Comments Off on Canadian clinics begin offering stem-cell treatments experts call unproven, possibly unsafe – National Post | July 4th, 2017

Zhongju Shi,1,2 Hongyun Huang,3 Shiqing Feng1,2

1Department of Orthopaedics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, 2Institute of Neurology, Key Laboratory of Post-Neuroinjury Neuro-Repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Ministry of Education, Tianjin City, Tianjin, 3Institute of Neurorestoratology, General Hospital of Armed Police Forces, Beijing, Peoples Republic of China

Abstract: Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a devastating condition and major burden on society and individuals. Currently, neurorestorative strategies, including stem cell therapy products or mature/functionally differentiated cell-derived cell therapy products, can restore patients with chronic complete SCI to some degree of neurological functions. The stem cells for neurorestoration include neural stem cells, mesenchymal stem cells, embryonic stem cells, induced pluripotent stem cells, etc. A better understanding of the merits, demerits and precise function of different stem cells in the treatment of SCI may aid in the development of neurorestorative strategies. However, the efficacy, safety and ethical concerns of stem cell-based therapy continue to be challenged. Nonetheless, stem cell-based therapies hold promise of widespread applications, particularly in areas of SCI, and have the potential to be novel therapeutics, which contributes to the repair of SCI. This review mainly focused on recent advances regarding the stem cell-based therapies in the treatment of SCI and discussed future perspectives in this field.

Keywords: spinal cord injury, neural stem cells, bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells, adipose-derived stem cells, embryonic stem cells, induced pluripotent stem cells

This work is published and licensed by Dove Medical Press Limited. The full terms of this license are available at https://www.dovepress.com/terms.php and incorporate the Creative Commons Attribution - Non Commercial (unported, v3.0) License. By accessing the work you hereby accept the Terms. Non-commercial uses of the work are permitted without any further permission from Dove Medical Press Limited, provided the work is properly attributed. For permission for commercial use of this work, please see paragraphs 4.2 and 5 of our Terms.

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Stem cell-based therapies to treat spinal cord injury: a review - Dove Medical Press

Spinal Cord Stem Cells Comments Off on Stem cell-based therapies to treat spinal cord injury: a review – Dove Medical Press | July 4th, 2017

Cells destined to become nerve cells in developing mouse embryos use two different signals spreading from opposite sides of the spinal cord the back and belly side to measure their position accurately. Based on this map, they turn into the appropriate nerve cell type.

These are the findings from a new a study by researchers at the Francis Crick Institute, the Institute of Science and Technology and Ecole Polytechnique Fdrale de Lausanne. The results could give insight into regenerative medicine.

As embryos grow and develop they need the right cell types to end up in the right places inside forming organs. This is particularly important in the spinal cord where different nerve cell types must be accurately positioned so that circuits can assemble properly to control muscle movement.

But until now the mechanism underlying nerve cell organization in the spinal cord has remained poorly understood.

The team of biologists, physicists and engineers found that the amounts of the two signals originating from the back and belly sides of the body affect gene activity in developing nerve cells. Based on this gene activity in early development, the cells turn into the appropriate nerve cell type for that position in the spinal cord.

Weve made an important step in understanding how the diverse cell types in the spinal cord of a developing embryo are organised in a precise spatial pattern. The quantitative measurements and new experimental techniques we used, as well as the combined effort of biologists, physicists and engineers were key. This allowed us to gain new insight into the exquisite accuracy of embryonic development and revealed that cells have remarkable ability of to orchestrate precise tissue development,

says Anna Kicheva, Group Leader at IST Austria.

We have shed light on the long-standing question of how developing tissues produce the right cells in the right place in the right numbers. Its likely that similar strategies are used in other developing tissues and our findings might be relevant to these cases. In the long run this will help inform the use of stem cells in approaches such as tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. However, there is still much more to learn and we need to continue developing these interdisciplinary collaborations to further our biological understanding,

says James Briscoe, Group Leader at the Francis Crick Institute.

Image: normal developing spinal cord (left) showing precise patterns of gene activity (red, blue, green demarcating different types of cells). In a spinal cord in which one of the signals is disrupted (right) the accuracy of gene activity has been lost. Credit: Anna Kicheva

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Spinal Cord Nerve Cells Positional Decoding In Development - ReliaWire

Spinal Cord Stem Cells Comments Off on Spinal Cord Nerve Cells Positional Decoding In Development – ReliaWire | July 2nd, 2017