ALLSCHWIL, Switzerland, Oct. 29, 2020 (GLOBE NEWSWIRE) -- Polyphor AG (SIX: POLN) today announces that it has completed recruitment in its FORTRESS Phase III study of balixafortide in metastatic breast cancer. A total of 411 patients have been recruited, including 323 in the third line cohort and 88 patients in the second line cohort. Although recruitment is closed, Polyphor will allow all patients that have already registered for the study to be enrolled. This may increase the final number of patients enrolled in the study to approximately 430. As previously communicated, data on the key primary endpoint of FORTRESS, progression free survival (PFS) in the overall population, is planned for Q4 2021. An analysis of the objective response rate (ORR) in eligible patients in third and later lines of chemotherapy is planned for Q2 2021.

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Polyphor completes recruitment in Phase III trial of balixafortide in metastatic breast cancer

Global News Feed Comments Off on Polyphor completes recruitment in Phase III trial of balixafortide in metastatic breast cancer | October 29th, 2020

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Nicox Granted New Patent for NCX 470, Extending Exclusivity in Europe to 2039

Global News Feed Comments Off on Nicox Granted New Patent for NCX 470, Extending Exclusivity in Europe to 2039 | October 29th, 2020

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AB Science announces a financing of 4.5 million euros through the issuance of bonds convertible into new ordinary shares

Global News Feed Comments Off on AB Science announces a financing of 4.5 million euros through the issuance of bonds convertible into new ordinary shares | October 29th, 2020

The global animal stem cell therapy market is growing at rapid pace on the back of increased research and development activities in the healthcare sector. Stem cells are widely utilized for the replacement of neurons, which are damaged due to various health issues such as Parkinsons disease, stroke, Alzheimers disease, and spinal cord injury.

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Stem cell therapy is gaining popularity on the back of increased technological advancements in worldwide healthcare sector. This technique is increasingly used for the treatment of numerous diseases and health disorders in animals as well. In recent years, there is remarkable increase in cases of different diseases in animals across the globe. This situation is resulted in growing utilization of animal stem cell therapy. As a result, the global animal stem cell therapy market is foreseen to gain prominent amount of money in the form of revenues in the forthcoming years.

Players Focus on Mergers and Acquisitions to Maintain Leading Market Position

The global animal stem cell therapy market experiences presence of many enterprises in it. As a result, the nature of this market is fairly fragmented. At the same time, the competitive landscape of the market for animal stem cell therapy is intense. Players operating in this market are using various organic as well as inorganic strategies to maintain their leading market position. One of the trending strategies used by vendors working in the global animal stem cell therapy market is mergers and acquisitions.

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Several stakeholders in the animal stem cell therapy market are seen investing heavily in research and development activities. This move is helping them in achieving advancement in products quality. Apart from this, many companies are increasing engagement in collaborations, partnerships, joint ventures, and new product launches. All these activities are indicative of rapid expansion of the animal stem cell therapy market in the forthcoming years.

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Tag: Animal Stem Cell Therapy Market - TMR Research Blog

Spinal Cord Stem Cells Comments Off on Tag: Animal Stem Cell Therapy Market – TMR Research Blog | October 29th, 2020

Central nervous system comprises brain and spinal cord, and is responsible for integration of sensory information. Brain is the largest and one of the most complex organs in the human body. It is made up of 100 billion nerves that communicate with 100 trillion synapses. It is responsible for the thought and movement produced by the body. Spinal cord is connected to a section of brain known as brain stem and runs through the spinal canal. The brain processes and interprets sensory information sent from the spinal cord. Brain and spinal cord serve as the primary processing centers for the entire nervous system, and control the working of the body. Neuroprosthetics improves or replaces the function of the central nervous system. Neuroprosthetics, also known as neural prosthetics, are devices implanted in the body that stimulate the function of an organ or organ system that has failed due to disease or injury. It is a brain-computer interface device used to detect and translate neural activity into command sequences for prostheses. Its primary aim is to restore functionality in patients suffering from loss of motor control such as spinal cord injury, multiple sclerosis, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, and stroke. The major types of neuroprosthetics include sensory implants, motor prosthetics, and cognitive prosthetics. Motor prosthetics support the autonomous system and assist in the regulation or stimulation of affected motor functions.

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Similarly, cognitive prosthetics restore the function of brain tissue loss in conditions such as paralysis, Parkinsons disease, traumatic brain injury, and speech deficit. Sensory implants pass information into the bodys sensory areas such as sight or hearing, and it is further classified as auditory (cochlear implant), visual, and spinal cord stimulator. Some key functions of neuroprosthetics include providing hearing, seeing, feeling abilities, pain relief, and restoring damaged brain cells. Cochlear implant is among the most popular neuroprosthetics. In addition, auditory brain stem implant is also a neuroprosthetic meant to improve hearing damage.

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North America dominates the global market for neuroprosthetics due to the rising incidence of neurological diseases and growth in geriatric population in the region. Asia is expected to display a high growth rate in the next five years in the global neuroprosthetics market, with China and India being the fastest growing markets in the Asia-Pacific region. Among the key driving forces for the neuroprosthetics market in developing countries are the large pool of patients, increasing awareness about the disease, improving healthcare infrastructure, and rising government funding in the region.

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Increasing prevalence of neurological diseases such as traumatic brain injury, stroke and Parkinsons disease, rise in geriatric population, increase in healthcare expenditure, growing awareness about healthcare, rapid progression of technology, and increasing number of initiatives by various governments and government associations are some key factors driving growth of the global neuroprosthetics market. However, factors such as high cost of devices, reimbursement issues, and adverse effects pose a major restraint to the growth of the global neuroprosthetics market.

Innovative self-charging neural implants that eliminate the need for high risk and costly surgery to replace the discharge battery and controlling machinery with thoughts would help to develop opportunities for the growth of the global neuroprosthetics market. The major companies operating in the global neuroprosthetics market are Boston Scientific Corporation, Cochlear Limited, Medtronic, Inc., Cyberonics, Inc., NDI Medical LLC, NeuroPace, Inc., Nervo Corp., Retina Implant AG, St. Jude Medical, and Sonova Group.

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The Neuroprosthetics market to grow in the wake of incorporation of the latest technology - PRnews Leader

Spinal Cord Stem Cells Comments Off on The Neuroprosthetics market to grow in the wake of incorporation of the latest technology – PRnews Leader | October 29th, 2020

Cell Harvesting Systems: Introduction

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Market Dynamics of Global Cell Harvesting Systems Market

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Cell Harvesting Systems Market: Increasing demand for stem cell transplantation along with stem cell-based therapy to drive the market - BioSpace

Bone Marrow Stem Cells Comments Off on Cell Harvesting Systems Market: Increasing demand for stem cell transplantation along with stem cell-based therapy to drive the market – BioSpace | October 29th, 2020

Ongoing studies of Cynata Therapeutics Cymerus stem cell products are beginning to reveal a wide range of commercial possibilities for the ASX-listed companys cutting edge biotechnology that it is looking to apply to a multitude of ailments from the treatment of osteoarthritis and heart attacks through to COVID-19.

In its most advanced trials to date, Cynata will soon embark on a Phase 3 trial of its CYP-004 product, the companys mesenchymal stem cell or MSC product developed to treat osteoarthritis. The 448 person trial is being sponsored by The University of Sydney and will be funded by a project grant from the Australian Government National Health and Medical Research Council.

The company is also progressing on multiple other fronts developing a range of Cymerus MSC therapeutics with the CYP-001 product being another lead candidate. CYP-001 is being developed to treat acute graft-versus-host disease, or GVHD an affliction suffered by bone marrow transplant recipients. GVHD can develop from donated bone marrow that does not take well to a recipients body which triggers an immune response, attacking the host.

Presently, GVHD is treated with steroid therapy however sufferers tend to have a very low survival rate, with less than 20 per cent of patients living for more than two years and few alternate treatment pathways are available.

This looks set to change following Phase 1 trial of Cynatas CYP-001 product on a cohort of patients which saw the survival rate of sufferers of GVHD triple to 60 per cent over a two-year period. The company is now moving CYP-001 into Phase 2 testing and towards commercialisation with partner and shareholder, Fujifilm Corporation.

The matchup with the Japanese-based multi-national is already paying dividends with Cynata receiving an upfront US$3 million payment with further staged payments and royalties to follow in a licensing deal potentially worth more than US$50 million in the longer term.

Stem cells are the building blocks of the human body - essentially the cells from which all other cells are derived and under the right conditions, they can divide to produce more cells sometimes known as Daughter cells. These Daughter cells can become new stem cells or more specialised cells such as blood, bone or even the cells that make up brain or heart tissue.

When appropriately manipulated, stem cells have the potential to treat a range of diseases and aid in the healing and recovery of patients suffering both disease and trauma.

There are a limited number of sources of stem cells - embryonic stem cells, perinatal stem cells and adult stem cells.

Embryonic stem cells are thought to be the most useful and versatile but only harvestable in very small quantities. Perinatal stem cells found in amniotic fluid and umbilical cord blood are also only harvestable in limited quantities although their potential is yet to be fully understood.

Adult stem cells, found in bone marrow or fat, were previously thought to be only useful in producing a limited range of specialised cells with multiple donors required to generate practical amounts of therapeutical medicines.

However, ongoing research shows that by utilising a form of genetic reprogramming, mature cells can be re-programmed to behave like embryonic stem cells. These manipulated cells are called induced pluripotent stem cells, or iPSCs which is where Cynatas Cymerus technology comes into the picture.

Cynatas proprietary Cymerus technology uses iPSCs and a precursor cell called a mesenchymoangioblast to manufacture MSC therapies at a commercial scale without the need for multiple donors. This is where the Cymerus platform diverges from similar therapies, doing away with the need for multiple donors and overcoming a bottleneck in the generation of its product.

Other Cynata MSC products in development include a therapy to assist in the treatment and recovery of heart attacks, which is also showing promise according to the company. Another Cynata product undergoing pre-clinical trials with potential application in the treatment of lung disease is idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, or IPF. Cynatas research in lung diseases has an unexpected spin-off in that its MSCs may assist in a patients recovery of COVID-19 according to the company. This application is being pursued in a clinical trial in COVID-19 patients presently being conducted in NSW.

These latest results with Cymerus MSCs add to the large body of evidence on the potency of these cells and their potential utility in treating a wide range of devastating diseases. IPF represents an enormous unmet medical need, as existing treatment options have only modest effects on disease progression and survival rates.

Cynatas is now modelling potential MSC therapies to treat various other afflictions too including critical limb ischemia, asthma, sepsis, cytokine release syndrome and diabetic wounds.

In the world of biotechnology, you really only have to produce one winner to attract a longing stare from the big biotechs who can swallow you whole with their massive cheque books with a range of targets and opportunities in its armoury that look to be developing well, dont be surprised if Cynata eventually disappears under the giant footprint of one of the big biotechs.

Is your ASX listed company doing something interesting? Contact: matt.birney@wanews.com.au

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Cynata looking to revolutionise stem cell therapy - The West Australian

Bone Marrow Stem Cells Comments Off on Cynata looking to revolutionise stem cell therapy – The West Australian | October 29th, 2020

An 11-year-old girl is in urgent need of a bone marrow transplant after being diagnosed with a rare, life-threatening condition.

Arya Lloyd, who was born in the Leicester Royal Infirmary, started to complain of abdominal pain and aches in her back and ribs during the summer.

Her father, Geraint said "she had always been fit and healthy" and did well in sports. So it was a shock to him and his wife, Arya's mother Brundha, when she was diagnosed with aplastic anaemia in late July this year.

Aplastic anaemia, also known as bone marrow failure, is a rare disease affecting the blood whereby the bone marrow and stem cells do not produce enough blood cells.

Arya then went on to have two bone marrow biopsies after her diagnosis.

"Her blood count continued to drop and that's why it is so important to get a donor match," Geraint said.

But finding a match will be a challenge. Arya, whose mother is of Indian heritage and father is Caucasian, will wait longer to find a suitable match due to her dual heritage.

Currently, those of Asian, Black or mixed ethnic background have a 20 per cent chance of finding the best possible match from an unrelated donor, compared with the 70 per cent chance of finding a match for Caucasian patients.

Arya and her parents, who a currently live in Cambridge are "staying positive" while Arya undergoes immunosuppressive treatment at St Mary's Hospital in Paddington.

Geraint told LeicestershireLive: She has been really brave and she just gets on with it. I wish it was me rather than her going through all this but she's optimistic."

The 11-year-old schoolgirl is expected to be discharged from the hospital this week and has spent her time keeping in touch with friends and catching up with homework when she can.

It has now been 22 days since she was admitted to hospital where she has been able to stay with her mother. Due to Covid-19 restrictions, the pair have had to stay in an isolated room and unable to see Geraint who has kept in touch through video calls.

"It's been really difficult, our whole world has been turned upside-down but we need to be optimistic and find a match," Geraint said.

The family is now urging people to come forward and join the bone marrow donor register.

"It's very urgent and so important that particularly people of Indian and mixed heritage join the register as they are hugely underrepresented," Geraint said.

So far, no suitable match has been found for Arya and it will take several months to determine the effects of the treatment she is currently having.

Following the immunosuppressive treatment, Arya will be infection-prone and have to be careful to avoid any trauma or injury due to her low blood count. This also leaves her in the category of people who are at higher risk from Covid-19.

While Arya and her family continue to adjust and stay positive, they need your help.

Joining the bone marrow donor register is simple and can be done from home by ordering a swab kit that is then sent back and analysed.

You can find out more about Arya's story and how to join the register at http://www.dkms.org.uk/en/arya.

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11-year-old urgently needs a bone marrow transplant after being diagnosed with life-threatening condition - Leicestershire Live

Bone Marrow Stem Cells Comments Off on 11-year-old urgently needs a bone marrow transplant after being diagnosed with life-threatening condition – Leicestershire Live | October 29th, 2020

WASHINGTON, Oct. 26, 2020 /PRNewswire/ --Despite the increasing use and promise of hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) as curative therapy for children with cancer and other life-threatening diseases, new research suggests that children transplanted for cancer are more likely to die from treatment-related complications if they live in poorer neighborhoods. The study, published today in the journal Blood, also found that having Medicaid versus private insurance, another marker of poverty, was associated with a higher chance of dying. Researchers say the results underscore the need to better understand and mitigate the effects of poverty and other social determinants of health on pediatric cancer care.

Hematopoietic cell transplantation, also called stem cell or bone marrow transplantation, is a treatment option for patients with blood cancers such as leukemia or lymphoma, as well as certain non-malignant conditions such as sickle cell disease or immunodeficiencies. It is only accessible at some medical centers. Together with radiation therapy or chemotherapy, HCT is designed to increase the chance of eliminating the cancerous or abnormal blood cells, and of restoring normal blood cell production.

The data revealed that children under the age of 18 with cancer who live in communities with high poverty rates had a 34% greater risk of treatment-related mortality following HCT compared with children in low-poverty areas. Even after adjusting for a child's disease and transplant-related factors, the data revealed children on Medicaid had a 23% greater risk of dying from any cause within five years of undergoing HCT and a 28% greater risk of treatment-related mortality when compared to children with private insurance.

"Our study shows that even after children with cancer have successfully accessed this high-resource treatment at specialized medical centers, those who are exposed to poverty are still at higher risk of dying of complications after treatment and of dying overall," said lead author Kira Bona, MD, MPH, Attending Physician, Dana-Farber/Boston Children's Cancer and Blood Disorders Center. "Simply providing the highest quality complex medical care to children who are vulnerable from a social perspective is inadequate if our goal is to cure every child with cancer."

One in five children in the U.S. lives in a household with an income below the federal poverty level. While previous studies have shown an association between household poverty and poorer outcomes in HCT procedures generally, there are limited data on how poverty influences the success of HCT in children specifically.

Dr. Bona and her team sought to fill this gap by reviewing outcomes data for pediatric allogeneic transplant recipients from the Center for International Blood and Marrow Transplant Research Database, the largest available repository of HCT outcomes. The researchers looked at two cohorts of patients: 2,053 children with malignant disease and 1,696 children with non-malignant disease, who underwent a first HCT between 2006 and 2015. Neighborhood poverty exposure was defined according to U.S. Census definitions as living within a ZIP code in which 20% or more of the residents live below 100% of the Federal Poverty Level. They also stratified patients by type of insurance and used Medicaid as a proxy measure for household level poverty. The researchers looked at pediatric patients' overall survival defined as the time from HCT until death from any cause, as well as relapse, transplant-related mortality, acute and chronic graft-versus-host disease, and infection in the first 100 days following HCT.

Interestingly, neighborhood poverty or having Medicaid insurance did not seem to affect outcomes, including overall survival, relapse, or infection, among children transplanted for non-malignant diseases such as sickle cell disease. Dr. Bona said the study does not explain why this might be and more research is needed; however, it is possible that physicians and families of children with non-malignant conditions who face social health challenges may elect to avoid intensive HCT procedures.

One study limitation is its reliance on proxy measures of household poverty (ZIP code and Medicaid insurance) that do not provide insight into specific aspects of an individual child's socioeconomic exposures and the home environment in which they live that may interfere with their ability to navigate the health care system. Dr. Bona says researchers and clinicians have historically not considered social determinants of health as being as important as biological variables in specialized cancer care and so have not collected data on these factors as part of research. She says this is a missed opportunity.

"We as a field need to recognize that non-biological variables such as your exposure to poverty and other social determinants of health matter just as much as many of the biological variables we pay close attention to when thinking about outcomes for children, and these variables must be collected systematically for research if we want to optimize the care and outcomes of the children we serve," Dr. Bona said.

If future studies could collect more nuanced measures of poverty such as household material hardship (e.g., food insecurity, access to heat and electricity, housing insecurity, transportation insecurity) or language barriers, targeted interventions in the form of assistance programs could potentially help mitigate social hardships and improve the overall care of children with cancer.

Blood(www.bloodjournal.org), the most cited peer-reviewed publication in the field of hematology, is available weekly in print and online. Blood is a journal of the American Society of Hematology (ASH) (www.hematology.org).

SOURCE American Society of Hematology/Blood Journal

http://www.bloodjournal.org

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Study: Poverty Linked to Higher Risk of Death Among Children with Cancer Undergoing Stem Cell Transplantation - PRNewswire

Bone Marrow Stem Cells Comments Off on Study: Poverty Linked to Higher Risk of Death Among Children with Cancer Undergoing Stem Cell Transplantation – PRNewswire | October 29th, 2020

The lymphoid organs purpose is to provide immunity for the body. This second article in a six-part series explains the primary and secondary lymphoid organs and their clinical significance and structure. It comes with a self-assessment enabling you to test your knowledge after reading it

This article is the second in a six-part series about the lymphatic system. It discusses the role of the lymphoid organs, which is to develop and provide immunity for the body. The primary lymphoid organs are the red bone marrow, in which blood and immune cells are produced, and the thymus, where T-lymphocytes mature. The lymph nodes and spleen are the major secondary lymphoid organs; they filter out pathogens and maintain the population of mature lymphocytes.

Citation: Nigam Y, Knight J (2020) The lymphatic system 2: structure and function of the lymphoid organs. Nursing Times [online]; 116: 11, 44-48.

Authors: Yamni Nigam is professor in biomedical science; John Knight is associate professor in biomedical science; both at the College of Human and Health Sciences, Swansea University.

This article discusses the major lymphoid organs and their role in developing and providing immunity for the body. The lymphoid organs include the red bone marrow, thymus, spleen and clusters of lymph nodes (Fig 1). They have many functional roles in the body, most notably:

The red bone marrow and thymus are considered to be primary lymphoid organs, because the majority of immune cells originate in them.

Bone marrow is a soft, gelatinous tissue present in the central cavity of long bones such as the femur and humerus. Blood cells and immune cells arise from the bone marrow; they develop from immature stem cells (haemocytoblasts), which follow distinct developmental pathways to become either erythrocytes, leucocytes or platelets. Stem cells rapidly multiply to make billions of blood cells each day; this process is known as haematopoiesis and is outlined in Fig 2.

To ensure there is a continuous production and differentiation of blood cells to replace those lost to function or age, haematopoietic stem cells are present through adulthood. In the embryo, blood cells are initially made in the yolk sac but, as development of the embryo proceeds, this function is taken over by the spleen, lymph nodes and liver. Later in gestation, the bone marrow takes over most haematopoietic functions so that, at birth, the whole skeleton is filled with red bone marrow.

Red bone marrow produces all erythrocytes, leucocytes and platelets. Haematopoietic stem cells in the bone marrow follow either the myeloid or lymphoid lineages to create distinct blood cells (Fig2); these include myeloid progenitor cells (monocytes, macrophages, neutrophils, basophils, eosinophils, erythrocytes, dendritic cells and platelets), and lymphoid progenitor cells (T-lymphocytes, B-lymphocytes and natural killer cells).

Some lymphoid cells (lymphocytes) begin life in the red bone marrow and become fully formed in the lymphatic organs, including the thymus, spleen and lymph nodes. As puberty is reached and growth slows down, physiological conversion occurs, changing red bone marrow to yellow bone marrow. This entire process is completed by the age of 25years, when red bone marrow distribution shows its adult pattern in the bones.

The pattern is characterised by:

However, under particular conditions, such as severe blood loss or fever, the yellow marrow may revert back to red marrow (Malkiewicz and Dziedzic 2012).

Any disease or disorder that poses a threat to the bone marrow can affect many body systems, especially if it prevents stem cells from turning into essential cells. Those known to damage the marrows productive ability and destroy stem cells include:

A growing number of diseases can be treated with a bone marrow transplant or haematopoietic stem cell transfer; this is often achieved by harvesting suitable donor stem cells from the posterior iliac crests of the hip bone, where the concentration of red bone marrow is highest.

The thymus gland is a bi-lobed, pinkish-grey organ located just above the heart in the mediastinum, where it rests below the sternum (breastbone). Structurally, the thymus resembles a small bow tie, which gradually atrophies (shrinks) with age. In pre-pubescents, the thymus is a relatively large and very active organ that, typically, weighs around 40g, but in a middle-aged adult it may have shrunk sufficiently to be difficult to locate. By 20 years of age, the thymus is 50% smaller than it was at birth, and by 60years of age it has shrunk to a sixth of its original size (Bilder, 2016); this is called thymic involution

Each of the two lobes of the thymus is surrounded by a capsule, within which are numerous small lobules typically measuring 2-3mm in width which are held together by loose connective tissue. Each lobule consists of follicles that are composed of a framework of thyomsin-secreting epithelial cells and a population of T-lymphocytes; these cells are commonly referred to as T-cells (the T denotes their origin as mature cells from the thymus). Lobules have two distinct areas:

In addition to being a major lymphoid organ, the thymus is also recognised as part of the endocrine system because it secretes a family of hormones collectively referred to as thymosin; this is a group of several structurally related hormones secreted by the thymic epithelial cells. These hormones are essential for normal immune function and many members of the thymosin family are used therapeutically to treat cancers, infections and diseases such as multiple sclerosis (Severa et al, 2019).

T-cells originate as haematopoietic stem cells from the red bone marrow (Fig2). A population of these haematopoietic stem cells infiltrate the thymus, dividing further within the cortical regions of the lobules then migrating into the medullary regions to mature into active T-cells; this process of T-cell maturation is controlled by the hormone thymosin. A proportion of these mature T-cells continually migrate from the thymus into the blood and other lymphoid organs (spleen and lymph nodes), where they play a major role in the bodys specific immune responses (which will be discussed in detail in part 3 of this series). The importance of these cells is apparent in patients who have depleted T-cell populations, such as those infected with HIV.

One of the most important functions of the thymus is programming T-cells to recognise self antigens through a process called thymic education. This process allows mature T-cells to distinguish foreign, and therefore potentially pathogenic, material from antigens that belong to the body. It has been demonstrated that removal of the thymus may lead to an increase in autoimmune diseases, as this ability to recognise self is diminished (Sherer et al, 1999).

Diseases of the thymus include thymic cancer and myasthenia gravis (MG). MG occurs when the thymus produces antibodies that block or destroy the muscle-receptor sites, causing the muscles to become weak and easily tired. It most commonly affects muscles that control the eyes and eyelids, resulting in droopy eyelids and difficulty making facial expressions; chewing, swallowing and speaking also become difficult. MG can affect people of any age, but typically starts in women aged <40years and men aged >60years.

In most cases of either MG or thymic cancer, thymectomy is recommended. Patients who have had a thymectomy may develop an immunodeficiency known as Good syndrome, which increases their susceptibility to bacterial, fungal and viral opportunistic pathogens; this condition is, however, relatively rare.

The spleen and lymph nodes are two major secondary lymphoid organs that play key roles in:

When foreign antigens reach these organs, they initiate lymphocyte activation and subsequent clonal expansion and maturation of these important white blood cells. Mature lymphocytes can then leave the secondary organs to enter the circulation, or travel to other areas, and target foreign antigens.

The spleen is the largest lymphoid organ. Situated in the upper left hypochondriac region of the abdominal cavity, between the diaphragm and the fundus of the stomach, it primarily functions as a filter for the blood, bringing it into close contact with scavenging phagocytes (white blood cells in the spleen that will seek out and eat any pathogens in the blood) and lymphocytes.

Due to its extensive vascularisation, the spleen is a dark-purplish oval-shaped organ; in adults it is approximately 12cm long, 7cm wide and weighs around 150g. However, the size of the spleen can vary with circumstance: it diminishes in starvation, after heavy exercise and following severe haemorrhage (Gujar et al, 2017), and recent investigations indicate an increase in size in well-fed individuals and during the ingestion of food (Garnitschnig et al, 2020).

The spleen (Fig3) is enclosed in a dense, fibro-elastic capsule that protrudes into the organ as trabeculae; these trabeculae constitute the organs framework. Blood enters the spleen from the splenic artery and leaves via the splenic vein, both of which are at the hilum; the splenic vein eventually becomes a tributary of the hepatic portal vein.

The spleen is made up of two regions:

White pulp is a mass of germinal centres of dividing B-lymphocytes (B-cells), surrounded by T-cells and accessory cells, including macrophages and dendritic cells; these cells are arranged as lymphatic nodules around branches of the splenic artery. As blood flows into the spleen via the splenic artery, it enters smaller, central arteries of the white pulp, eventually reaching the red pulp. The red pulp is a spongy tissue, accounting for 75% of the splenic volume (Pivkin et al, 2016); it consists of blood-filled venous sinuses and splenic cords.

Splenic cords are made up of red and white blood cells and plasma cells (antibody-producing B-cells); therefore, the red pulp primarily functions as a filtration system for the blood, whereas the white pulp is where adaptive T- and B-cell responses are mounted. The colour of the white pulp is derived from the closely packed lymphocytes and the red pulps colour is due to high numbers of erythrocytes (Stewart and McKenzie, 2002).

The spleen has three major functions:

The spleens main immunological function is to remove micro-organisms from circulation. The lymphatic nodules are arranged as sleeves around the blood vessels, bringing blood into the spleen. Within the white pulp are splenic nodules called Malpighian corpuscles, which are rich in B-cells, so this portion of lymphoid tissue is quick to respond to foreign antigenic stimulation by producing antibodies. The walls of the meshwork of sinuses in the red pulp also contain phagocytes that engulf foreign particles and cell debris, effectively filtering and removing them from circulation.

In the spleens destruction of old and senescent red blood cells, they are digested by phagocytic macrophages in the red pulp. The haemoglobin is then split apart into haem and globin. The globin is broken down into its constituent amino acids, which can be utilised in the synthesis of a new protein. Haem consists of an iron atom surrounded four non-iron (pyrrole) rings.

The iron is removed and transported to be stored as ferritin, then reused to make new haemoglobin in the red bone marrow; macrophages convert the pyrrole rings into the green pigment biliverdin and then into the yellow pigment bilirubin. Both are transported to the liver bound to plasma albumin. Bilirubin, the more toxic pigment, is conjugated in the liver to form a less toxic compound, which is excreted in bile.

The red pulp partly serves to store a large reserve of the bodys platelets up to a third of the total platelet supply. In some animals particularly athletic mammals such as horses, greyhounds and foxes the spleen is also an important reservoir of blood, which is released into circulation during times of stress to improve aerobic performance. In humans, however, the spleen contributes only a small percentage of blood cells into active circulation under physiological stress; the total stored blood volume is believed to be only 200-250ml (Bakovic et al, 2005). The capsule of the spleen may contract following haemorrhage, releasing this reserve into circulation in the body.

The spleen also plays a minor role in haematopoiesis: usually occuring in foetuses of up to five months gestation, erythrocytes, along with the bone marrow, are produced by the spleen.

As the spleen is the largest collection of lymphoid tissue in the body, infections that cause white blood cell proliferation and antigenic stimulation may cause germinal centres in the organ to expand, resulting in its enlargement (splenomegaly). This happens in many diseases for example, malaria, cirrhosis and leukaemia. The spleen is not usually palpable, but an enlarged spleen is palpable during deep inspiration. Enlargement may also be caused by any obstruction in blood flow, for example in the hepatic portal vein.

The anatomical position of the spleen coincides with the left tenth rib. Given its proximity to the abdominal wall, it is one of the most commonly injured organs in blunt abdominal trauma. The spleen is a fragile organ and, due to its highly vascularised nature, any injury causing rupture will rapidly lead to severe intraperitoneal haemorrhage; death may result due to massive blood loss and shock.

A moderate splenic injury may be managed conservatively, but an extensively burst or ruptured spleen may be treated by complete and prompt removal (splenectomy). However, current data supports successful non-operative management of many traumatic splenic injuries, with the intention of reducing the need for complete removal (Armstrong et al, 2019).

Patients being treated for certain malignant diseases may also require a partial or total splenectomy and, although other structures such as the bone marrow and liver can take over some of the functions that are usually carried out by the spleen, such patients may be at increased risk of infection. With an overwhelming post-splenectomy infection, there is also an increased risk of sepsis, which is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Infection is usually with encapsulated pathogens, including Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae and Neisseria meningitidis. Clinical guidelines to help reduce the risk of infection advocate education about infection prevention, vaccination and antibiotic prophylaxis (Arnott et al, 2018).

Swollen lymph nodes and a fever are sure signs that the body is mounting an effective immune response against an offending pathogen

Lymph nodes vary in size and shape, but are typically bean-shaped structures found clustered at specific locations throughout the body. Although their size varies, each node has a characteristic internal structure (Fig4).

The central portions of the lymph node are essential to its function; here, there are large numbers of fixed macrophages, which phagocytose foreign material such as bacteria on contact, and populations of B- and T-cells. Lymph nodes are crucial to most antibody-mediated immune responses: when the phagocytic macrophages trap pathogenic material, that material is presented to the lymphocytes so antibodies can be generated.

Each lymph node is supplied by one or more afferent lymphatic vessels, which deliver crude, unmodified lymph directly from neighbouring tissues. A healthy, fully functioning node removes the majority of pathogens from the lymph before the fluid leaves via one or more efferent lymphatic vessels. In addition to its lymphatic supply, each lymph node is supplied with blood via a small artery; the artery delivers a variety of leucocytes, which populate the inner regions of the node.

When infection is present, the lymph nodes become increasingly metabolically active and their oxygen requirements increase. A small vein carries deoxygenated blood away from each node and returns it to the major veins. In times of infection, this venous blood may carry a variety of chemical messengers (cytokines) that are produced by the resident leucocytes in the nodes. These cytokines act as general warning signals, alerting the body to the potential threat and activating a variety of specific immune reactions.

The structure of a lymph node is not unlike that of the spleen. Each lymph node is divided into several regions:

During infection, antibody-producing B-cells begin to proliferate in the germinal centres, causing the affected lymph nodes to enlarge and become palpable and tender. Some of the cytokines released are pyrogenic (meaning they cause fever) and act directly on the thermoregulatory centre in the hypothalamus to increase body temperature. As the majority of human pathogens divide optimally at around 37C, this increase in body temperature serves to slow down bacterial replication, allowing the infection to be dealt with more efficiently by the immune system. Swollen lymph nodes and a fever are both sure signs that the body is mounting an effective immune response against the offending pathogen; this will be discussed in more detail in part 3 of this series.

Other types of lymphatic tissue also exist. Mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) is positioned to protect the respiratory and gastrointestinal tracts from invasion by microbes. The following are made up of MALT:

The tonsils are aggregates of lymphatic tissue strategically located to prevent foreign material and pathogens from entering the body. The palatine tonsils are in the pharynx, the lingual tonsils in the oral cavity and the pharyngeal tonsils (adenoids) are at the back of the nasal cavity; as a result of this, the tonsils themselves are at high risk of infection and inflammation (tonsillitis). This will also be discussed further in part 3.

Armstrong RA et al (2019) Successful non-operative management of haemodynamically unstable traumatic splenic injuries: 4-year case series in a UK major trauma centre. European Journal of Trauma and Emergency Surgery; 45: 5, 933-938.

Arnott A et al (2018) A registry for patients with asplenia/hyposplenism reduces the risk of infections with encapsulated organisms. Clinical Infectious Diseases; 67: 4, 557-561.

Bakovi D et al (2005) Effect of human splenic contraction on variation in circulating blood cell counts. Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology and Physiology; 32: 11, 944-951.

Bilder G (2016) Human Biological Aggin: From Macromolecules to Organ Systems. Wiley.

Garnitschnig L et al (2020) Postprandial dynamics of splenic volume in healthy volunteers. Physiological Reports; 8: 2, e14319.

Gujar S et al (2017) A cadaveric study of human spleen and its clinical significance. National Journal of Clinical Anatomy; 6: 1, 35-41.

Makiewicz A, Dziedzic M (2012) Bone marrow reconversion: imaging of physiological changes in bone marrow. Polish Journal of Radiology; 77: 4, 45-50.

Pivkin IV et al (2016) Biomechanics of red blood cells in human spleen and consequences for physiology and disease. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America; 113: 28, 7804-7809.

Severa M et al (2019) Thymosins in multiple sclerosis and its experimental models: moving from basic to clinical application. Multiple Sclerosis and Related Disorders; 27: 52-60.

Sherer Y et al (1999) The dual relationship between thymectomy and autoimmunity: the kaleidoscope of autoimmune disease. In: Paul S (ed) Autoimmune Reactions. Contemporary Immunology. Totowa, NJ: Humana Press.

Stewart IB, McKenzie DC (2002) The human spleen during physiological stress. Sports Medicine; 32: 6, 361-369.

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The lymphatic system 2: structure and function of the lymphoid organs - Nursing Times

Bone Marrow Stem Cells Comments Off on The lymphatic system 2: structure and function of the lymphoid organs – Nursing Times | October 29th, 2020

The research report on Mesenchymal Stem Cells Market gives thorough insights regarding various key trends that shape the industry expansion with regards to regional perspective and competitive spectrum. Furthermore, the document mentions the challenges and potential restrains along with latent opportunities which may positively impact the market outlook in existing and untapped business spaces. Moreover, it presents the case studies, including the ones related to COVID-19 pandemic, to convey better understanding of the industry to all the interested parties.

The recent market trend of increasingly using Mesenchymal Stem Cells for understanding the development of a disease extensively fuel the growth of this market in the coming years. Another trend that will aid the growth of the global Mesenchymal Stem Cells market is the escalating demand for personalized medicine. Extensive investments are being made by various organizations, pharmaceutical companies, and governments for the research and development of drugs, and this is another trend that is benefiting the growth of the global Mesenchymal Stem Cells market. This is because Mesenchymal Stem Cells techniques enable researchers to compare Mesenchymal Stem Cells changes between disease samples and normal samples. Public health can thus be analyzed as the changes in Mesenchymal Stem Cells are influenced by internal biological system and environment directly.

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The report covers extensive analysis of the key market players in the market, along with their business overview, expansion plans, and strategies. The key players studied in the report include: Advanced Cell Technology Incorporated, Stem cell technologies Inc., Stemedica Cell Technologies, Inc., Cyagen Biosciences Inc., EMD Millipore Corporation, ScienCell Research Laboratories., Cytori Therapeutics Inc., Cell Applications, Inc., Axol Bioscience Ltd., Aastrom Biosciences, BrainStorm Cell Therapeutics., R&D Systems, Inc., Genlantis, Inc., Celprogen, Inc..

Mesenchymal Stem Cells Market Segmentation:

In market segmentation by types of Mesenchymal Stem Cells, the report covers-

Bone MarrowUmbilical Cord BloodPeripheral BloodLung TissueSynovial TissuesAmniotic FluidsAdipose Tissues

In market segmentation by applications of the Mesenchymal Stem Cells, the report covers the following uses-

InjuriesDrug DiscoveryCardiovascular InfractionOthers

Regional Analysis for Mesenchymal Stem Cells Market-:

1) North America- (United States, Canada)

2) Europe- (Germany, France, UK, Italy, Russia, Spain, Netherlands, Switzerland, Belgium)

3) Asia Pacific- (China, Japan, Korea, India, Australia, Indonesia, Thailand, Philippines, Vietnam)

4) Middle East & Africa- (Turkey, Saudi Arabia, United Arab Emirates, South Africa, Israel, Egypt, Nigeria)

5) Latin America- (Brazil, Mexico, Argentina, Colombia, Chile, Peru)

The report provides insights on the following pointers :

Market Penetration: Comprehensive information on the product portfolios of the top players in the Supply Chain Analytics market.

Product Development/Innovation: Detailed insights on the upcoming technologies, R&D activities, and product launches in the market

Competitive Assessment: In-depth assessment of the market strategies, geographic and business segments of the leading players in the market

Market Development: Comprehensive information about emerging markets. This report analyzes the market for various segments across geographies

Market Diversification: Exhaustive information about new products, untapped geographies, recent developments, and investments in the Supply Chain Analytics market

NOTE: Our analysis involves the study of the market taking into consideration the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic. Please get in touch with us to get your hands on an exhaustive coverage of the impact of the current situation on the market. Our expert team of analysts will provide as per report customized to your requirement.

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Table of Content

Chapter 1 Mesenchymal Stem Cells Introduction and Market Overview

Chapter 2 Executive Summary

Chapter 3 Industry Chain Analysis

Chapter 4 Global Mesenchymal Stem Cells Market, by Type

Chapter 5 Mesenchymal Stem Cells Market, by Application

Chapter 6 Global Mesenchymal Stem Cells Market Analysis by Regions

Chapter 7 North America Mesenchymal Stem Cells Market Analysis by Countries

Chapter 8 Europe Mesenchymal Stem Cells Market Analysis by Countries

Chapter 9 Asia Pacific Mesenchymal Stem Cells Market Analysis by Countries

Chapter 10 Middle East and Africa Mesenchymal Stem Cells Market Analysis by Countries

Chapter 11 South America Mesenchymal Stem Cells Market Analysis by Countries

Chapter 12 Competitive Landscape

Chapter 13 Industry Outlook

Chapter 14 Global Mesenchymal Stem Cells Market Forecast

Chapter 15 New Project Feasibility Analysis

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Mesenchymal Stem Cells Market Augmented Expansion to Be Registered by 2020-2025 - Eurowire

Bone Marrow Stem Cells Comments Off on Mesenchymal Stem Cells Market Augmented Expansion to Be Registered by 2020-2025 – Eurowire | October 29th, 2020

Mirror photo by Patrick Waksmunski / Johnathan Dodson, an intensive care unit nurse practitioner who treats COVID-19 patients at UPMC Altoona, recently met the woman who donated the stem cells that helped him overcome leukemia.

A few weeks ago, nurse practitioner and former leukemia patient Johnathan Dodson interrupted a reporters phone interview to give his two young sons a hug and a kiss before they went to sleep.

The interview concerned the Claysburg natives recent appearance as a healthcare hero on Jimmy Kimmel Live, because Dodson treats COVID-19 patients at UPMC Altoona.

The segment also featured Dodsons surprise virtual meeting on the show with his own healthcare hero: the Texas woman who donated the stem cells that enabled Dodson to survive past his early 20s via a transplant.

Theyre here because of her, Dodson, 36, said of the little boys hed just sent off to bed.

In the interaction that followed the on-screen introduction to his donor, Dodson tried to explain his feelings about what the woman had done: how it hadnt been limited to saving his life, but had also kept his parents, siblings and friends from losing him and had spread out to allow for the establishment of his own family, including those kids, Chase, now 7, and Karter, now 4.

I dont think she realized the ripple effects, Dodson said.

He had long thought about a first encounter with Shannon Weishuhn of Rowlett, Texas.

I had kind of prepared this thank-you speech in my head, he said.

(But) how do you thank someone who saved your life? Dodson asked.

For Weishuhn, also a nurse, the donation was an ancient memory, Dodson said, based on an off-screen conversation he had with her, which included a virtual meeting with his family.

She had no idea of the butterfly effect that her action had on his world, he said, speaking of the idea that small occurrences can have big consequences. Thats the message I was trying to convey, he said.

Almost didnt make it

Dodson almost didnt make it to the transplant.

But in the process of getting through his difficulties with leukemia, he found his calling.

He was diagnosed initially in 2003.

He went through chemotherapy to wipe out my immune system, which also wiped out the cancer cells, he said.

The idea was to do an immune system reset, with the hope that the cancer cells wouldnt grow back, he said.

He went into remission, but relapsed at the beginning of 2004, he said.

So he underwent chemotherapy again.

He relapsed again.

The third time he got chemo was in preparation for the transplant.

He nearly died multiple times, and at one point, his survival chances shrunk to about 3 percent, Dodson said.

The cancer had broken into his spine and his brain, he said.

Only a handful of prior cases had been treated successfully when that had happened, he said.

There were three options a shunt in his head and more chemotherapy, spinal taps with chemo or hospice at home, he said.

His parents knew he didnt want a shunt in his head, so that was out of the question, Dodson said.

His parents asked the doctors what theyd do if he was their son, and they recommended hospice, he said.

But a nurse stepped in and said you need to give him a chance, arguing that his survival from two previous crises should merit another try, Dodson said.

Thats when my parents switched and opted for treatment, Dodson said. That sealed the deal.

Once the decision was made, there was talk about sending him to Texas, the only place where the contemplated treatment had been done successfully, he said.

Dodson nixed that.

If I was going to die, I was going to die here, he said.

The reason Im here today

By that time, the nurses who took care of him at West Penn Hospital, now part of Allegheny Health Network, had almost become family, he said.

They along with his donor are the reason Im here today, he said.

The nurses are also the reason hes a nurse himself.

The transplant, however, didnt suddenly make things all better.

He had a really rough go (afterwards), said Dr. John Lister, chief of the division of hematology and cellular therapy of Allegheny Health Network Cancer Institute and a member of Dodsons transplant team.

Caring for patients after leukemia transplants is as challenging as anything in medicine, said Lister, who is a descendant of Joseph Lister, a pioneer in antiseptic surgery.

Its challenging because the blood stem cells harvested from the donors blood, when injected into the recipient, create a new white-blood-cell immune system that attacks the recipients diseased white-blood-cell immune system, Lister indicated.

It can be fatal, he said. And extremely debilitating.

Doctors deal with it by giving powerful immunosuppressant medications, he said.

The direction of attack the donor material attacking the recipients is the opposite of the direction of attack with transplants of organs like kidneys, Lister said.

After those other transplants, the recipients immune system attacks the donor organ, he said.

Dodson was kept alive due to the intensive efforts of many people, Lister said.

Eventually, the initial reaction dies down, Lister said.

Hes totally normal at this point, Lister said of Dodson. I would say hes cured.

The donor matched Dodson in certain key genes that make the immune system work, Lister said.

The harvesting of donor stem cells occurs after the donor is given a growth factor that causes those stem cells to leave the bone marrow and enter the bloodstream, Lister said.

Blood stem cells can become any of the three types of blood cells, given the right conditions.

When injected into the recipient, they home to the marrow where theyre needed, according to Lister.

There they divide and repopulate, he said.

Anyone willing to make a bone marrow or stem cell donation can go to bethematch.org.

Its free to register, Dodson said. More ethnically diverse donors are needed, he added.

Last year, the web site helped facilitate 6,425 transplants, Dodson said.

You could change someones life forever, he said.

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UPMC nurse practitioner hailed 'healthcare hero' on live TV - Altoona Mirror

Bone Marrow Stem Cells Comments Off on UPMC nurse practitioner hailed ‘healthcare hero’ on live TV – Altoona Mirror | October 29th, 2020

Catalent Biologics has agreed to manufactureNurOwn, the cell-based therapy by BrainStorm Cell Therapeuticsbeing evaluated in a soon-to-conclude pivotal trial as a possible treatment of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS).

With this agreement, Catalent will produce NurOwn under current Good Manufacturing Practices standards set to ensure that batches of a medicine are produced with consistent high quality at its new 32,000-square-foot cell therapy manufacturing facility in Houston.

We are proud to have a partner in Catalent whose excellence in manufacturing quality therapies will support commercial supply of NurOwn, Chaim Lebovits, BrainStorms CEO, said in a press release.

With NurOwn, a patients mesenchymal stem cellsare collected from the bone marrow and treated in the lab to produce proteins called neurotrophic factors (NTFs), compounds that promote nervous tissue growth and survival. (Mesenchymal stem cells, orMSCs, are stem cells that can differentiate into a variety of other cell types.)

The modified cells called MSC-NTF cells are then injected into the patients spinal cord, where their NTFs are expected to promote the growth and survival of nerve cells, which are damaged over the course of ALS.

Using a patients own cells as a therapy minimizes the risk of an immune reaction, as might occur with cells from a donor.

The U.S. Food and Drug Administration has given NurOwn bothfast track and orphan drugdesignations to support and speed its development for ALS. The medicine also received orphan drug designation from the European Medicines Agency.

We know that ALS patients are in urgent need of a new treatment option. If NurOwn is successful in the current clinical trials, this agreement will be integral to ensuring rapid access for patients, Lebovits added.

NurOwn showed an ability to slow progression in people with fast-progressing disease in a Phase 2 trial (NCT02017912). This led Brainstorm to open a Phase 3 trial (NCT03280056)to confirm those findings in a larger group of ALS patients.

The trial, taking place at six sites in the U.S., enrolled 200 patients and randomly assigned them to either NurOwn or a placebo, given in three intrathecal (into the spinal cord) injections at two-month intervals.

Researchers are evaluating NurOwns effectiveness using therevised amyotrophic lateral sclerosis functional rating scale(ALSFRS-R), which assesses such daily life abilities as swallowing, speaking, dressing and washing oneself, climbing stairs, and turning over in bed.

Its primary goal is to determine whether NurOwn outperforms a placebo at reducing the rate of decline in ALSFRS-R scores over six months. A change of 1.25 points or more in ALSFRS-R scores each month, compared to scores recorded prior to treatment, defines a responder.

Other trial goals include safety, the number of patients whose disease has not progressed, total ALSFRS-R decline, and overall survival. Samples of blood and cerebrospinal fluid will also be collected to evaluate biomarkers, like neurotrophic factors and immune molecules, in response to the treatment.

BrainStorm expects to deliver top-line results this year; the study is set to fully conclude in December.

Should results be positive and NurOwn be approved for clinical use, BrainStorm and Catalent will consider extending their partnership to allow for commercial manufacturing of NurOwn at the Houston facility.

Forest Ray received his PhD in systems biology from Columbia University, where he developed tools to match drug side effects to other diseases. He has since worked as a journalist and science writer, covering topics from rare diseases to the intersection between environmental science and social justice. He currently lives in Long Beach, California.

Total Posts: 45

Ins holds a PhD in Biomedical Sciences from the University of Lisbon, Portugal, where she specialized in blood vessel biology, blood stem cells, and cancer. Before that, she studied Cell and Molecular Biology at Universidade Nova de Lisboa and worked as a research fellow at Faculdade de Cincias e Tecnologias and Instituto Gulbenkian de Cincia. Ins currently works as a Managing Science Editor, striving to deliver the latest scientific advances to patient communities in a clear and accurate manner.

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Catalent to Produce BrainStorm's NurOwn Cell Therapy for ALS - ALS News Today

Bone Marrow Stem Cells Comments Off on Catalent to Produce BrainStorm’s NurOwn Cell Therapy for ALS – ALS News Today | October 29th, 2020

GAITHERSBURG, Md., Oct. 27, 2020 (GLOBE NEWSWIRE) -- NexImmune, a clinical-stage biotechnology company developing unique non-genetically-engineered T cell immunotherapies, announced today that it has signed a research initiative related to its AIM nanoparticle technology with City of Hope, a world-renowned independent research and treatment center for cancer, diabetes and other life-threatening diseases.

City of Hope is a participating clinical site in the ongoing Phase 1/2 study of NEXI-001. The cancer center will leverage both patient samples from the ongoing NexImmune Phase 1/2 clinical study of NEXI-001 in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients with relapsed disease after allogeneic stem cell transplantation and the centers tumor repository bank of primary leukemia samples, one of the largest collections in the world, to drive the research.

NEXI-001 is a cellular product candidate that contains populations of naturally occurring CD8+ T cells directed against multiple antigen targets for AML, and it is the first clinical product generated by the Companys AIM nanoparticle technology.

NexImmune has developed a unique and versatile technology platform that lends itself very effectively to important areas of ongoing research in the field of AML, said Guido Marcucci, M.D., Chair and Professor with City of Hopes Department of Hematologic Malignancies Translational Science. Our collective goal is to translate future research findings into new, more effective T cell immunotherapies to the benefit of these very difficult to treat patients.

A key objective of the research will focus on the identification of new antigen targets that are expressed on both leukemic blasts as well as leukemic stem cells, and those which represent survival proteins to both. Once identified, these antigen targets will be loaded on NexImmune AIM-nanoparticles to expand antigen-specific CD8+ T cells, and evaluated in pre-clinical models for anti-tumor potency, tumor-specific killing, and response durability.

In addition, the research initiative will aim to further understand different mechanisms of tumor escape, such as tumor antigen and human leukocyte antigen (HLA) downregulation due to immune pressure.

Research between NexImmune and City of Hope will inform a scientific understanding of how the immune system can address certain tumor escape mechanisms to more effectively fight aggressive cancers like AML, and how this might be accomplished with NexImmunes AIM technology and T cell products, said Monzr Al Malki, M.D., Director of City of Hopes Unrelated Donor BMT Program and Haploidentical Transplant Program and an Associate Clinical Professor with Department of Hematology and Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation. Based on our current clinical experience with this technology, were excited to learn what more this research will tell us.

City of Hope is a world-class clinical research institution that has built one of the largest banks of leukemia samples in the world, said Han Myint, M.D., NexImmune Chief Medical Officer. The depth of expertise that Drs. Marcucci, Al Malki and their team bring to this research initiative will help NexImmune continue to develop innovative products that can help patients with AML and other hard-to-treat cancers.

City of Hope is a leader inbone marrow transplantation. More than 16,000 stem cell and bone marrow transplants have been performed at City of Hope, and more than 700 are performed annually. City of Hopes BMT program is the only one in the nation that has had one-year survival above the expected rate for 15 consecutive years, based on analysis by the Center for International Blood and Marrow Transplant Research.

About NexImmuneNexImmune is a clinical-stage biotechnology company developing unique approaches to T cell immunotherapies based on its proprietary Artificial Immune Modulation (AIM) technology. The AIM technology is designed to generate a targeted T cell-mediated immune response and is initially being developed as a cell therapy for the treatment of hematologic cancers. AIM nanoparticles (AIM-np) act as synthetic dendritic cells to deliver immune-specific signals to targeted T cells and can direct the activation or suppression of cell-mediated immunity. In cancer, AIM-expanded T cells have demonstrated best-in-class anti-tumor properties as characterized by in vitro analysis, including a unique combination of anti-tumor potency, antigen target-specific killing, and long-term T cell persistence. The modular design of the AIM platform enables rapid expansion across multiple therapeutic areas, with both cell therapy and injectable products.

NexImmunes two lead T cell therapy programs, NEXI-001 and NEXI-002, are in Phase 1/2 clinical trials for the treatment of relapsed AML after allogeneic stem cell transplantation and multiple myeloma refractory to >3 prior lines of therapy, respectively. The Companys pipeline also has additional preclinical programs, including cell therapy and injectable product candidates, for the treatment of oncology, autoimmune disorders, and infectious diseases.

For more information, visit http://www.neximmune.com.

Media Contact:Mike BeyerSam Brown Inc. Healthcare Communications312-961-2502mikebeyer@sambrown.com

Investor Contact:Chad RubinSolebury Trout+1-646-378-2947crubin@soleburytrout.com

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NexImmune Establishes Research Initiative with City of Hope to Focus on Novel Immunotherapeutic Approaches to Acute Myeloid Leukemia - GlobeNewswire

Bone Marrow Stem Cells Comments Off on NexImmune Establishes Research Initiative with City of Hope to Focus on Novel Immunotherapeutic Approaches to Acute Myeloid Leukemia – GlobeNewswire | October 29th, 2020

What is Adipose Tissue Derived Stem Cell Therapy?

Adipose tissue derived stem cells (ADSCs) are stem cells originated from adipocytes. ADSCs have characteristics similar to bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells. Thus Adipose-derived stem cells substitute for bone marrow as a source of stem cells. Different varieties of manual and automatic stem cell separation procedures are used to separate adipose stem cells (ASCs) from adipose tissue. Flow cytometry can be utilized to isolate ADSCs from other stem cells within a cell solution. Currently, adipose derived stem cells (ADSCs) are generally used in the generation of regenerative medicine due to its anti-inflammatory, anti-apoptotic, and immunomodulatory properties.

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The research provides answers to the following key questions:

A new market study report by The Insight Partners on the Adipose Tissue Derived Stem Cell Therapy Market has been released with reliable information and accurate forecasts for a better understanding of the current and future market scenarios. The report offers an in-depth analysis of the global market, including qualitative and quantitative insights, historical data, and estimated projections about the market size and share in the forecast period. The forecasts mentioned in the report have been acquired by using proven research assumptions and methodologies. Hence, this research study serves as an important depository of the information for every market landscape. The report is segmented on the basis of types, end-users, applications, and regional markets. Some of the key players in the study are AlloCure, Inc, Antria, Inc., Celgene Corporation, Cellleris SA, Corestem, Inc., Cytori Therapeutics, LLC, Intrexon, Inc., Mesoblast Ltd., Pluristem Therapeutics, Inc., Tissue Genesis, Inc. etc.

Market Insights:

The Adipose Tissue-derived Stem Cell Therapy Market is growing due to increasing use of regenerative medicine in disease treatment and increasing private and public funding for stem cell therapy. However, high cost associated with stem cell processing hampers growth of this market.

An Overview of the Impact of COVID-19 on this Market:

Due to the pandemic, we have included a special section on the Impact of COVID 19 on the Adipose Tissue Derived Stem Cell Therapy Market which would mention How the Covid-19 is Affecting the Adipose Tissue Derived Stem Cell Therapy Industry, Market Trends and Potential Opportunities in the COVID-19 Landscape, Covid-19 Impact on Key Regions and Proposal for Adipose Tissue Derived Stem Cell Therapy Players to fight Covid-19 Impact.

Adipose Tissue Derived Stem Cell Therapy Market: Regional analysis includes:

The Adipose Tissue Derived Stem Cell Therapy Market segments and Market Data Break Down are illuminated below:By Cell Type (Autologous Stem Cells, Allogeneic Stem Cells);

Product (Cell Line, Culture Media);

Disease (Cancer, Obesity, Wounds and Injuries, Musculoskeletal Diseases, Cardiovascular Diseases, Others);

End User (Hospitals and Trauma Centers, Cell banks and Tissue Banks, Research Laboratories and Academic Institutes, Others)

The study conducts SWOT analysis to evaluate strengths and weaknesses of the key players in the Adipose Tissue Derived Stem Cell Therapy market. Further, the report conducts an intricate examination of drivers and restraints operating in the market. The report also evaluates the trends observed in the parent market, along with the macro-economic indicators, prevailing factors, and market appeal with regard to different segments. The report predicts the influence of different industry aspects on the Adipose Tissue Derived Stem Cell Therapy market segments and regions.

This report strategically examines the micro-markets and sheds light on the impact of technology upgrades on the performance of the Adipose Tissue Derived Stem Cell Therapy market.

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Adipose Tissue Derived Stem Cell Therapy Market to Set Phenomenal Growth in Key Regions by 2027 | AlloCure, Inc, Antria, Inc., Cellleris SA, Tissue...

Bone Marrow Stem Cells Comments Off on Adipose Tissue Derived Stem Cell Therapy Market to Set Phenomenal Growth in Key Regions by 2027 | AlloCure, Inc, Antria, Inc., Cellleris SA, Tissue… | October 29th, 2020

After tackling two major research challenges, the founders of Be Biopharma are ready to announce their official launch along with a $52 million funding round. They are intent upon usingthe bodys B cells to treat a range of diseases.

The Series A round was led by Atlas Venture and RA Capital Management. Joining in were Longwood, Alta Partners and Takeda Ventures.

We have an ambitious plan to be the company that knows how to make B cells and mirror them precisely and make them at scale, Aleks Radovic-Moreno, Be Biopharmas president and director, said in a phone interview.

B cells, which play a leading role in the bodys immune response, can be taken out, genetically programmed to help fight specific diseases and then put back in the body. The cells also can come from healthy donors.

The challenges involved being able to efficiently edit the cells and then make them in sufficient quantities, Radovic-Moreno said. Those are the two big problems we have overcome.

Founded this year, Be Biopharma is looking to hire people in research, engineering and manufacturing, as well as a full-time leadership team, said Radovic-Moreno, an entrepreneur in residence at Longwood Fund, a co-founder and investor in Be Biopharma. The startups CEO is David Steinberg, a general partner at Boston-based Longwood.

From there, the company hopes to begin developing therapeutics for use in people. Cancers and autoimmune diseases are potential targets, as are monogenic diseases like cystic fibrosis. B cells, for example, could replace the need for invasive bone marrow transplants, Radovic-Moreno said.

If we can do that, it would change the lives of so many people. So, were trying to move that as fast as humanly possible, said Radovic-Moreno, who declined to offer a specific timeline.

The path for B cells could be relatively quick, he said, based on the experience of T cells and stem cells, he said. B cell therapies, though, are expected to be safer and less toxic than those involving T cells.

Be Biopharma is drawing on research undertaken at the Seattle Childrens Research Institute by Dr. David Rawlings and Richard James. They are among the co-founders of the new company.

B cells play a key role in combatting diseases by catalyzing humoral immunity the arm of the immune system that manufactures large quantities of proteins to neutralize disease-causing pathogens and manipulate immune cell behavior, Rawlings, director of the Center for Immunity and Immunotherapies at the Seattle institute, said in a statement. Today, this powerful part of the immune system is only passively and/or indirectly addressed therapeutically. Our ambition is to advance the field by building a new class of engineered B cell medicines that will provide direct control over the power of humoral immunity and help transform the prognosis for patients who currently have limited treatment options.

Picture: Feodora Chiosea, Getty Images

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Startup focused on B-cell therapies launched with $52M in Series A - MedCity News

Bone Marrow Stem Cells Comments Off on Startup focused on B-cell therapies launched with $52M in Series A – MedCity News | October 29th, 2020

Final Tranche is Anchored by Iconic Consumer Packaged Goods Private Equity Firm, Cambridge Companies SPG

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Better Choice Closes Third Tranche of Series F and Completes Equity Raise Totaling Cumulative $21.7M

Global News Feed Comments Off on Better Choice Closes Third Tranche of Series F and Completes Equity Raise Totaling Cumulative $21.7M | October 27th, 2020

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RespireRx Pharmaceuticals Inc. Announces Appointment of Dr. James Cook and Dr. Jeffrey Witkin as Research Fellows

Global News Feed Comments Off on RespireRx Pharmaceuticals Inc. Announces Appointment of Dr. James Cook and Dr. Jeffrey Witkin as Research Fellows | October 27th, 2020

Company continues meeting enrollment milestones across clinical trials amid the COVID-19 pandemic, putting patient safety first Company continues meeting enrollment milestones across clinical trials amid the COVID-19 pandemic, putting patient safety first

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Rafael Pharmaceuticals Crosses Enrollment of 100th Patient in Pivotal Phase 3 Trial (ARMADA 2000) of CPI-613® (Devimistat) for Relapsed or Refractory...

Global News Feed Comments Off on Rafael Pharmaceuticals Crosses Enrollment of 100th Patient in Pivotal Phase 3 Trial (ARMADA 2000) of CPI-613® (Devimistat) for Relapsed or Refractory… | October 27th, 2020

Pompano Beach, Fl., Oct. 27, 2020 (GLOBE NEWSWIRE) -- BioStem Technologies, Inc. (OTC PINK: BSEM) ("BioStem" or the "Company"), a leading life sciences company specializing in perinatal tissue allografts for use in regenerative therapies, today announced the launch of AEON™, the 6th and newest addition to the Company’s perinatal tissue allograft platform.

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BioStem Technologies, Inc. Announces Launch of AEON™

Global News Feed Comments Off on BioStem Technologies, Inc. Announces Launch of AEON™ | October 27th, 2020