8 hours ago Endodermal cells, they form organs such as lung, liver and pancreas. Credit: IDR, Helmholtz Zentrum Mnchen

The Wnt/-catenin signaling pathway and microRNA 335 are instrumental in helping form differentiated progenitor cells from stem cells. These are organized in germ layers and are thus the origin of different tissue types, including the pancreas and its insulin-producing beta cells. With these findings, Helmholtz Zentrum Mnchen scientists have discovered key molecular functions of stem cell differentiation which could be used for beta cell replacement therapy in diabetes. The results of the two studies were published in the renowned journal Development.

The findings of the scientists of the Institute of Diabetes and Regeneration Research (IDR) at Helmholtz Zentrum Mnchen (HMGU) provide new insights into the molecular regulation of stem cell differentiation. These results reveal important target structures for regenerative therapy approaches to chronic diseases such as diabetes.

During embryonic development, organ-specific cell types are formed from pluripotent stem cells, which can differentiate into all cell types of the human body. The pluripotent cells of the embryo organize themselves at an early stage in germ layers: the endoderm, mesoderm and ectoderm. From these three cell populations different functional tissue cells arise, such as skin cells, muscle cells, and specific organ cells.

Various signaling pathways are important for this germ layer organization, including the Wnt/-catenin signaling pathway. The cells of the pancreas, such as the beta cells, originate from the endoderm, the germ layer from which the gastrointestinal tract, the liver and the lungs also arise. Professor Heiko Lickert, director of the IDR, in collaboration with Professor Gunnar Schotta of LMU Mnchen, showed that the Wnt/-catenin signaling pathway regulates Sox17, which in turn regulates molecular programs that assign pluripotent cells to the endoderm, thus inducing an initial differentiation of the stem cells.

In another project Professor Lickert and his colleague Professor Fabian Theis, director of the Institute of Computational Biology (ICB) at Helmholtz Zentrum Mnchen, discovered an additional mechanism that influences the progenitor cells. miRNA-335, a messenger nucleic acid, regulates the endodermal transcription factors Sox17 and Foxa2 and is essential for the differentiation of cells within this germ layer and their demarcation from the adjacent mesoderm. The concentrations of the transcription factors determine here whether these cells develop into lung, liver or pancreas cells. To achieve these results, the scientists combined their expertise in experimental research with mathematical modeling.

"Our findings represent two key processes of stem cell differentiation," said Lickert. "With an improved understanding of cell formation we can succeed in generating functional specialized cells from stem cells. These could be used for a variety of therapeutic approaches. In diabetes, we may be able to replace the defective beta cells, but regenerative medicine also offers new therapeutic options for other organ defects and diseases."

Diabetes is characterized by a dysfunction of the insulin-producing beta cells of the pancreas. Regenerative treatment approaches aim to renew or replace these cells. An EU-funded research project ('HumEn'), in which Lickert and his team are participating, shall provide further insights in the field of beta-cell replacement therapy.

The aim of research at Helmholtz Zentrum Mnchen, a partner in the German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), is to develop new approaches for the diagnosis, treatment and prevention of major common diseases such as diabetes mellitus.

Explore further: Stem cells on the road to specialization

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Insulin-producing beta cells from stem cells: Scientists decipher early molecular mechanisms of differentiation

Philadelphia, PA (PRWEB) January 23, 2014

Bioquark, Inc., (http://www.bioquark.com) a company focused on the development of combinatorial biologics for regeneration and disease reversion in human organs and tissues, today announces the appointment of Dr. Joel I. Osorio MD, as VP of International Clinical Development.

We are honored to have someone with Dr. Osorios experience join us as we execute on a globalized clinical strategy, said Ira S. Pastor, CEO, Bioquark Inc. His broad clinical experience in functional anti-aging regenerative and stem cell based medicine make him a very valuable addition to the Bioquark team.

Dr. Osorio brings over 9 years of experience in medical practice, both in the private practice and public medical settings. Currently the medical director of the medical spa Bamboo Rejuvenecimiento Facial y Coporal (http://www.bamboobelleza.com), Dr. Osorio has served in capacities in both private and public practice, as a hospital staff physician, and as emergency health services coordinator for a variety of private and public institutions throughout Mexico. He earned MD degrees at both Westhill University and the National Autonomous University of Mexico as a medical surgeon, has diplomas in aesthetic medicine from the Autonomous University of Guadalajara, is an Advance Fellow by the American Board of Anti-Aging and Regenerative Medicine (http://www.a4m.com/joel-osorio-bamboo-rejuvenecimiento-facial-y-corporal-naucalpan-estado-de-mxico.html), is a visiting scholar at University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill in dermatology, a fellow in stem cell medicine by the American Academy of Anti-Aging Medicine and University of South Florida, and currently is completing additional masters work in metabolic and nutrition sciences at University of South Florida. Dr. Osorio is also a member of the round table of ReGeNeRaTe Laboratories Mexico Committee (a DNAge-Lab Company), and has been actively working in the applied stem cell field since 2007. In 2011, Dr. Osorio became a member of the International Cellular Medicine Society, is a PRP certified practitioner in aesthetic and regenerative fields, and from 2009 to 2012 managed the blood bank at Ruben Lenero public hospital. Dr. Osorio frequently appears on Mexican national television programs and interviews regularly as a speaker on the topic of anti-aging (http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Z4SvkBTS-P0) as well as contributes in various magazines and periodicals on anti-aging related subjects.

I am very excited about the candidates being developed at Bioquark and their very novel approach to human regeneration and disease reversion, as well as the broader biological programs focused on anti-aging," said Dr. Osorio. "I'm pleased to be joining the team and am looking forward to playing a more active role in this truly transformational platform."

About Bioquark, Inc. Bioquark Inc. (http://www.bioquark.com) is focused on the development of biologic based products that have the ability to alter the regulatory state of human tissues and organs, with the goal of curing a wide range of diseases, as well as effecting complex regeneration. Bioquark is developing biological pharmaceutical candidates, as well as products for the global consumer health and wellness market segments.

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Bioquark Inc. Appoints Dr. Joel I. Osorio MD, Specialist in Functional Anti-Aging Regenerative and Stem Cell Medicine ...

Jan. 22, 2014 Scientists have known for years that stem cells in male and female sexual organs are regulated differently by their respective hormones. In a surprising discovery, researchers at the Children's Medical Center Research Institute at UT Southwestern (CRI) and Baylor College of Medicine have found that stem cells in the blood-forming system -- which is similar in both sexes -- also are regulated differently by hormones, with estrogen proving to be an especially prolific promoter of stem cell self-renewal.

The research, published in Nature, raises several intriguing possibilities for further investigation that might lead to improved treatments for blood cancers and increased safety and effectiveness of chemotherapy.

Before the finding, blood-forming stem cells were thought to be regulated similarly in both males and females, according to the paper's senior author, Dr. Sean Morrison, Director of CRI, Professor of Pediatrics, and the Mary McDermott Cook Chair in Pediatric Genetics at UT Southwestern Medical Center.

However, while working in Dr. Morrison's laboratory as postdoctoral fellows, Dr. Daisuke Nakada, the first and co-corresponding author of the study, and Dr. Hideyuki Oguro discovered that blood-forming stem cells divide more frequently in females than in males due to higher estrogen levels. The research, conducted using mice, demonstrated that the activity of blood-forming stem cells was regulated by systemic hormonal signals in addition to being regulated by local changes within the blood-forming system.

"This discovery explains how red blood cell production is augmented during pregnancy," said Dr. Morrison. "In female mice, estrogen increases the proliferation of blood-forming stem cells in preparation for pregnancy. Elevated estrogen levels that are sustained during pregnancy induce stem cell mobilization and red cell production in the spleen, which serves as a reserve site for additional red blood cell production."

The study involved treating male and female mice over a period of several days with amounts of estrogen needed to achieve a level consistent with pregnancy. When an estrogen receptor that is present within blood-forming stem cells was deleted from those cells, they were no longer able to respond to estrogen, nor were they able to increase red blood cell production. The results demonstrate that estrogen acts directly on the stem cells to increase their proliferation and the number of red blood cells they generate.

"If estrogen has the same effect on stem cells in humans as in mice, then this effect raises a number of possibilities that could change the way we treat people with diseases of blood cell-formation," said Dr. Morrison. "Can we promote regeneration in the blood-forming system by administering estrogen? Can we reduce the toxicity of chemotherapy to the blood-forming system by taking into account estrogen levels in female patients? Does estrogen promote the growth of some blood cancers? There are numerous clinical opportunities to pursue."

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Scientists find estrogen promotes blood-forming stem cell function

stem cell therapy treatment for cerebral palsy sri lanka by dr alok sharma, mumbai, india
improvement seen in just 3 months after stem cell therapy treatment for cerebral palsy by dr alok sharma, mumbai, india. Stem Cell Therapy done date 4/10/201...

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stem cell therapy treatment for global developmental delay by dr alok sharma, mumbai, india
improvement seen in just 5 days after stem cell therapy treatment for ______ by dr alok sharma, mumbai, india. Stem Cell Therapy done date 17/12/2013 After S...

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A team of international researchers has turned to stem cells in a quest to find an a more effective treatment for patients with drug-resistant tuberculosis (TB). The new method being investigated involves using the patients own bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) to boost immune response and heal damaged tissue.

Multi-drug resistant TB effects around 450,000 in Eastern Europe, Asia, and South Africa according to the World Health Organization, and conventional treatments have a low rate of success.

Currently in its preliminary stages, the study is designed to investigate the possibility that MSCs can help organs to regulate themselves and repair damaged or traumatized tissues. Specifically in this case, the stem cells migrate to the lung with TB bacteria inflammation and improve the immune response to help the body get rid of the bacteria.

Between September 2009 and June 2011, the study looked at 30 patients from a specialist center in Minsk, Belarus, whose age varied from 21 to 65 years old, and who were resistant to TB drugs. They chose Belarus because of the high rate of resistant tuberculosis (76 percent) among treated patients in that region. They also observed 30 patients who met the inclusion criteria and who opted not to have MSC therapy.

Besides giving patients the anti-TB antibiotics, the researchers collected cells from their own bone marrow, cultured them and introduced them back into the patient within four weeks of the start of the anti-TB drug treatment. Eighteen months later, the rate of cure for patients who received MSC therapy was more than three times higher compared with those who didnt get treated with the cells.

MSC therapy produced a few side effects, which the researchers considered mild. Fourteen patients had high cholesterol, 11 patients suffered from nausea while 10 others had lymphopenia (low level of lymphocytes in the blood) or diarrhoea.

The researchers noted MSC cells harvested from TB patients did not present any aberrant features in comparison with those extracted from healthy donors. Neither did the anti-TB drugs seem to have a negative impact on the harvest. Concerns over the risk of suppressing an immune response, leading to the worsening of tuberculosis, did not materialize. However, they highlight that future studies would need to assess whether certain anti-M tuberculosis drug combinations or concomitant M. tuberculosis infection (a type of TB infection) could have an impact.

The results of this novel and exciting study show that the current challenges and difficulties of treating multi-drug resistant TB are not insurmountable, and they bring a unique opportunity with a fresh solution to treat hundreds of thousands of people who die unnecessarily of drug-resistant TB," says co-author Professor Alimuddin Zumla. "Further evaluation in phase 2 trials is now urgently required to ascertain efficacy and further safety in different geographical regions such as South Africa where multi-drug resistant and extensively-drug resistant TB are rife.

Details of the study are published in The Lancet Respiratory Medicine.

Source: UCL

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Stem cells could offer alternative treatment for patients with resistant tuberculosis

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The bodys signals govern skin stem cells, controlling the decision to remain dormant, divide or differentiate (become normal, active tissue cells). Signals flow in path-ways and multiple paths funnel into the common Wnt signaling pathway. Signaling stimulatesskin stem cells to begin the process leading to fibroblasts, keratino-

cytesand other dermal/epidermalcells.

Renewnt skin care products contain the high-end ingredients available today for cosmeceuticals, but also have an entirely new technology,Asymmtate.Unlike many cosmetic agents, Asymmtate has been clinically provento penetrate through the epidermis into the dermis. Makucell currentlyoffers fourtargeted skin careproducts.

Asymmtate AwakensSkin's Stem Cells

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Newswise DALLAS Jan. 22, 2014 Scientists have known for years that stem cells in male and female sexual organs are regulated differently by their respective hormones. In a surprising discovery, researchers at the Childrens Medical Center Research Institute at UTSouthwestern (CRI) and Baylor College of Medicine have found that stem cells in the blood-forming system which is similar in both sexes also are regulated differently by hormones, with estrogen proving to be an especially prolific promoter of stem cell self-renewal.

The research, published in Nature, raises several intriguing possibilities for further investigation that might lead to improved treatments for blood cancers and increased safety and effectiveness of chemotherapy.

Before the finding, blood-forming stem cells were thought to be regulated similarly in both males and females, according to the papers senior author, Dr. Sean Morrison, Director of CRI, Professor of Pediatrics, and the Mary McDermott Cook Chair in Pediatric Genetics at UTSouthwestern Medical Center.

However, while working in Dr. Morrisons laboratory as postdoctoral fellows, Dr. Daisuke Nakada, the first and co-corresponding author of the study, and Dr. Hideyuki Oguro discovered that blood-forming stem cells divide more frequently in females than in males due to higher estrogen levels. The research, conducted using mice, demonstrated that the activity of blood-forming stem cells was regulated by systemic hormonal signals in addition to being regulated by local changes within the blood-forming system.

This discovery explains how red blood cell production is augmented during pregnancy, said Dr. Morrison. In female mice, estrogen increases the proliferation of blood-forming stem cells in preparation for pregnancy. Elevated estrogen levels that are sustained during pregnancy induce stem cell mobilization and red cell production in the spleen, which serves as a reserve site for additional red blood cell production.

The study involved treating male and female mice over a period of several days with amounts of estrogen needed to achieve a level consistent with pregnancy. When an estrogen receptor that is present within blood-forming stem cells was deleted from those cells, they were no longer able to respond to estrogen, nor were they able to increase red blood cell production. The results demonstrate that estrogen acts directly on the stem cells to increase their proliferation and the number of red blood cells they generate.

If estrogen has the same effect on stem cells in humans as in mice, then this effect raises a number of possibilities that could change the way we treat people with diseases of blood cell-formation, said Dr. Morrison. Can we promote regeneration in the blood-forming system by administering estrogen? Can we reduce the toxicity of chemotherapy to the blood-forming system by taking into account estrogen levels in female patients? Does estrogen promote the growth of some blood cancers? There are numerous clinical opportunities to pursue.

Research support for Dr. Morrison came from the Cancer Prevention and Research Institute of Texas (CPRIT); the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute; the Howard Hughes Medical Institute; and donors to Childrens Medical Center Foundation. Dr. Nakada is now a CPRIT Scholar and Assistant Professor of Molecular and Human Genetics at Baylor College of Medicine. The research was initiated in the Life Sciences Institute at the University of Michigan and completed at Baylor College of Medicine and CRI.

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Scientists Find That Estrogen Promotes Blood-Forming Stem Cell Function

stem cell therapy treatment for Right Hemiparesis Cerebral Palsy by dr alok sharma, mumbai, india
improvement seen in just 5 days after stem cell therapy treatment for Right Hemiparesis Cerebral Palsy by dr alok sharma, mumbai, india. Stem Cell Therapy do...

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stem cell therapy treatment for Right Hemiparesis Cerebral Palsy by dr alok sharma, mumbai, india - Video

Pluristem Therapeutics Inc. (PSTI), the Israeli developer of stem-cell therapies, rose the most in more than 17 months after an experimental treatment showed promise in a study of 20 patients with muscle injuries.

The stock surged 22 percent to 16.18 shekels ($4.63) at 11:04 a.m. in Tel Aviv. Earlier it gained as much as 27 percent, the biggest increase since Aug. 6, 2012. The shares fell 15 percent yesterday ahead of the study results.

The early-stage clinical trial assessing Pluristems placental-expanded, or PLX-PAD, cells in people who had a buttock muscle injured during hip-replacement surgery found the treatment was safe, the company said in a statement today. Patients getting the injection also fared better in a muscle-contraction exercise six months later.

These are remarkable results that signal advances in the cell-therapy industry, Jason Kolbert, an analyst with Maxim Group LLC in New York, said at a press conference organized by Pluristem in Tel Aviv.

The study results suggest the stem-cell therapy could help treat a broader range of muscle and tendon injuries, according to the Haifa-based company. We intend to move forward with implementing our strategy towards using PLX cells in orthopedic indications and muscle trauma, Chief Executive Officer Zami Aberman said in the statement.

The results come after the U.S. Food and Drug Administration in June placed one of Pluristems most advanced studies on hold after a patient suffered an allergic reaction. The hold was lifted in September.

To contact the reporter on this story: David Wainer in Tel Aviv at dwainer3@bloomberg.net

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Pluristem Gains Most in 17 Months on Stem-Cell Study

TAMPA, Fla. (PRWEB) January 22, 2014

Societys continual, obsessive search for perpetual youth has lead many on a tumultuous path of medical mayhem from shots to creams and a variety of procedures in between.

A leader in modern medicine, Dr. Burton Feinerman has always been at the forefront of new and life changing procedures in the healthcare community. Feinerman's experience includes his time as a key research associate at the Papanicolau Cancer Research Institute in Miami.

His career took a glamorous turn when he became a concierge physician to the stars at his office in Maui, Hawaii. He has treated a variety of high-profile clientele including celebrities Eddie Murphy, Larry David, Pink, Brittney Spears, Nick Nolte, Christian Slater, Arnold Schwarzenegger and Oprah, who once thanked him with an autographed magazine for the shot in the tush.

Staying true to his mission to find relief for those afflicted with incurable diseases, Feinerman soon focused his efforts on the innovative and unfamiliar world of cell regeneration and gene therapy. As one of the original physician scientists to create stem cell protocols for incurable diseases, Feinerman now runs his clinic in Tampa, Fla. where he treats patients with conditions such as Alzheimers, ALS, Autism, brain damage, Cerebral Palsy, Multiple Sclerosis, Spinal Cord Injury, Parkinsonism, Heart Disease, COPD, diabetes, Chronic Kidney Disease, Pulmonary Fibrosis, Tay Sachs, Sandhoff Disease, Stargardt Disease, Huntington Disease, Scleroderma, Lupus, Rheumatoid Arthritis, Crohns Disease, cancer of all types, Macular Degeneration and Retinitis Pigmentosa.

The emerging developments in stem cell therapy, gene therapy, nanotechnology and tissue engineering offer new hope to millions of patients, said Feinerman.

Stem Cells and Sex Wars By: Dr. Burton Feinerman ISBN: 978-1481774789 Available at Amazon, Barnes and Noble and Authorhouse online bookstores.

About the authors A graduate of New York Medical College, Dr. Burton Feinerman also received extensive postgraduate training from Long Island College Hospital and the Mayo Clinic. He served as chief medicine for the U.S. Army, as part of the 98th General Hospital in Germany as well as chairman of medicine at Miami General Hospital, Opa-Locka Hospital, N. Miami General Hospital and chairman of cancer technologies Kids Medical Centers of America. Active in many industry organizations, Feinerman is a member of the Society of Apheresis, the Society of Bone Marrow Blood Transplantation, the International Society for Cellular Therapy, the Society for Cranial Transplantation and Brain Repair, and the Society for Cardiac Translational Therapy. With over 55 years of experience in medical practice, he is currently the president and CEO of Stem Cell Regen Med.

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Dr. Burton Feinerman Shares Experiences from Celebrity Care to Modern Medicine

Stem Cell, Eye Stem Cell,Copd Stem Cell
http://yourservice.us/jeunesseglobal.html Stem cell therapy is an intervention strategy that introduces new adult stem cells into damaged tissue in order to ...

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Anti Stem Cell, Stem Cell Spray, Fetal Stem Cell, Stem Cell Face By Dr. Renato Calabria
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Diabetes Stem Cell, Stem Cell Paraplegic,Stem Cells Regenerate New Finger!
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Crystalbartonnyc, Anti Aging Routine,Blind Girl Headed To China For Stem Cell Surgery
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Crystalbartonnyc, Anti Aging Routine,Blind Girl Headed To China For Stem Cell Surgery - Video

Eye Stem Cell, Copd Stem Cell, Burt Stem Cell, Sarah Palin on Stem Cell Research
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Eye Stem Cell, Copd Stem Cell, Burt Stem Cell, Sarah Palin on Stem Cell Research - Video

Anti Stem Cell | Stem Cell Spray | Fetal Stem Cell | Fat Transfer to Breast
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Yorkshire (PRWEB UK) 21 January 2014

Ongoing worldwide research is consistently proving that stem cells will be a cornerstone of medical treatments in the future. Already, literally thousands of stem cell therapies for a host of dangerous and life-threatening conditions have already been successfully performed, and specialists agree that many newly discovered treatments are just around the corner.

Stem cells are biological cell types found in multicellular organisms like mammals, and that, of course, includes us. The incredible thing about stem cells is that they are able to divide and change into other types of cell, and this is what gives them their unique ability to repair, or even replace, cells that have been damaged by disease or injury.

The potential for the health of younger and future generations is enormous.

Although stem cells are found in many different parts of our body, it is the stem cells found in our childrens teeth that are most precious in terms of their potential to safeguard health. While an inevitable crystallisation process makes adult teeth useless for stem cell therapies, first teeth and young wisdom teeth contain tooth pulp in perfect condition to provide useable stem cells. Whats more, children naturally lose 12 milk teeth over a 5-year period, and this means plenty of chances to collect the teeth most likely to be suitable for harvesting stem cells. The other big advantage of childrens teeth is that they fall out naturally, and that makes recovering the teeth a pain-free, risk-free and non-invasive process.

Today, scientists have the expertise and technologies to safely extract and store stem cells taken from baby teeth and wisdom teeth. Crucially, storing a persons stem cells for possible use in their own future medical treatment means that compatibility or finding the right match wont ever be an issue. This is one of the key factors that has given rise to people storing their own childrens cells as a way of protecting them against a future illnesses or conditions. Having access to a childs stem cells makes any future treatment far more likely to succeed, an extremely encouraging situation given that scientists are regularly discovering more and more conditions they can treat using stem cells.

So, what about the specific illnesses and conditions that tooth stem cells can be used to treat?

Scientists already know that stem cells within tooth pulp have the ability to develop into a wide range of tissues, including skin, nerve, muscle, fat, cartilage and tendon. This amazing versatility has huge and positive implications for medical uses of tooth stem cells, and thats why almost everyone has a vested interest in this medical breakthrough, from young adults, parents and expectant parents right through to those who might one day want a family.

Stem cell therapy has already enabled practitioners to grow skin, tracheas and corneas, as well as repair human hearts. Even more excitingly, it is now widely agreed that future stem cell therapies will allow medical practitioners to tackle a host of injuries, illnesses and heredity conditions. Among them, these are likely to include Type 1 diabetes; neuronal degenerative disorders like Alzheimers, Parkinsons and Huntingtons disease; cardiovascular disease; paralysis due to spinal cord injury; liver disease, strokes; heart attacks and joint repair. Stem cells can also help to repair the bodys immune system and, under the right conditions, can even be used to form organs, bone and other tissue.

BioEden have a UK team that has been right at the very heart of the science surrounding the extraction and storage of tooth cells in fact they are one of the worlds leading authorities on it.

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How saving their baby teeth could help save children’s lives

Eleven years ago, Megan Quinn had just gotten married and was the picture of health.

"I used to run five miles a day. All of a sudden on my third mile, I started dragging my foot and I didn't understand. I thought, I'm just getting old and I'm getting tired. I was 27 years old," she said. "Nothing ever clicked to me that something was wrong."

The diagnosis was multiple sclerosis.

Multiple sclerosis, or MS, is an autoimmune disease where the body attacks itself and damages myelin, the protective covering surrounding nerve cells. With that insulation compromised, the nerves deteriorate and can cause a wide range of symptoms including vision problems, fatigue and weakness. The disease affects as many as 350,000 Americans.

"For the past year I've had a really bad time with this disease, just with my hip not working. One night I woke up and I couldn't feel either of my legs," Quinn said.

"Right now, my biggest problem is my hamstring. I cannot get my hamstring to cooperate when I have to walk, so that's my battle right now," she said.

Current treatments only try to stop progression of the disease. Quinn is about to test a new approach: using stem cells designed to actually make MS patients better.

Stem cells can be morphed into any cell in the body. Patients like Quinn have bone marrow removed and the stem cells inside are then changed in the kind of stem cells found in the brain and spinal cord.

Those cells will then be injected directly into the spinal cord. The hope is that they will repair the insulation and perhaps even the wires underneath.

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MS patient to take part in pioneering experiment

Scientists at the University of Illinois have created a minuscule swimming machine, just under eight-one-hundredth of an inch (1.95 mm), thats powered by beating heart muscle cells. Details of their invention, which might someday have medical applications for precision-targeting medication and micro-surgery inside the body, was published in the January 17, 2014 issue of the journal Nature Communications.

Professor Taher Saif, of the University of Illinois, leads the team that created what they call a tiny bio-hybrid machine or bio-bot. He said, in a press release:

Micro-organisms have a whole world that we only glimpse through the microscope. This is the first time that an engineered system has reached this underworld.

The bio-bot has a flagella-shaped body, that is, a cell with a long tail, like a sperm cell. The machine body is made from a flexible polymer thats coated with a substance called fibronectin, which provides an attachment surface for cardiac cells cultured on the bots head and tail. In a yet-to-be understood phenomenon, the heart cells communicate, align with each other, and synchronize their contraction-relaxation beat to move the machines tail. This motion creates waves in the fluid that propels the bot forward.

The scientists also created a faster-swimming bio-bot model with two tails. They think that a bio-bot with several tails could even be used to steer towards specific locations. This could give rise to tiny machine deployed to work on a microscopic scale. Saif commented:

The long-term vision is simple. Could we make elementary structures and seed them with stem cells that would differentiate into smart structures to deliver drugs, perform minimally invasive surgery or target cancer?

Bottom-line: University of Illinois scientists have created a microscopic swimming bio-bot thats powered by beating cardiac muscle cells. The tiny machine, measuring just under eight-one-hundredth of an inch (1.95 mm), may someday be adapted for medical applications inside the body. The journal Nature Communications published details of this research on January 17, 2014.

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Tiny machines that swim using heart muscle cells